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(quimica) Chang, Manuais, Projetos, Pesquisas de Engenharia Ambiental

Associação Vilhenense de Educação e Cultura (AVEC)Engenharia Ambiental

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CONVERSION FACTORS
Fig. 1-1 Graphic Relationships of SI Units with Names . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Table 1-1 SI Base and Supplementary Quantities and Units. . . . . . . 1-3
Table 1-2aDerived Units of SI that Have Special Names. . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Table 1-2bAdditional Common Derived Units of SI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Table 1-3 SI Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Table 1-4 Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly
Used Units to SI Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Table 1-5 Metric Conversion Factors as Exact Numerical
Multiples of SI Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Table 1-6 Alphabetical Listing of Common Conversions . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Table 1-7 Common Units and Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
Table 1-8 Kinematic-Viscosity Conversion Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
Table 1-9 Values of the Gas-Law Constant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
Table 1-10 United States Customary System of Weights
and Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Table 1-11 Temperature Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Table 1-12 Specific Gravity, Degrees Baumé, Degrees API, Degrees
Twaddell, Pounds per Gallon, Pounds per Cubic Foot. . . 1-20
Table 1-13 Wire and Sheet-Metal Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
Table 1-14 Fundamental Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
CONVERSION OF VALUES FROM U.S. CUSTOMARY
UNITS TO SI UNITS
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
Table 1-15 Mathematical Signs, Symbols, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . 1-24
Table 1-16 Greek Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
1-1
Section 1
Conversion Factors and
Mathematical Symbols*
James O. Maloney, Ph.D., P.E., Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering, Univer-
sity of Kansas; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineering; Fellow, American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science; Member, American Chemical Society, American Society for
Engineering Education
* Much of the material was taken from Sec. 1. of the fifth edition. The contribution of Cecil H. Chilton in developing that material is acknowledged.
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CONVERSION FACTORS

Fig. 1-1 Graphic Relationships of SI Units with Names......... 1- Table 1-1 SI Base and Supplementary Quantities and Units....... 1- Table 1-2 a Derived Units of SI that Have Special Names.......... 1- Table 1-2 b Additional Common Derived Units of SI............. 1- Table 1-3 SI Prefixes...................................... 1- Table 1-4 Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units............................ 1- Table 1-5 Metric Conversion Factors as Exact Numerical Multiples of SI Units.............................. 1- Table 1-6 Alphabetical Listing of Common Conversions......... 1- Table 1-7 Common Units and Conversion Factors.............. 1- Table 1-8 Kinematic-Viscosity Conversion Formulas............ 1- Table 1-9 Values of the Gas-Law Constant..................... 1-

Table 1-10 United States Customary System of Weights and Measures.................................... 1- Table 1-11 Temperature Conversion.......................... 1- Table 1-12 Specific Gravity, Degrees Baumé, Degrees API, Degrees Twaddell, Pounds per Gallon, Pounds per Cubic Foot... 1- Table 1-13 Wire and Sheet-Metal Gauges...................... 1- Table 1-14 Fundamental Physical Constants.................... 1-

CONVERSION OF VALUES FROM U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS TO SI UNITS

MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS Table 1-15 Mathematical Signs, Symbols, and Abbreviations....... 1- Table 1-16 Greek Alphabet.................................. 1-

Section 1

Conversion Factors and

Mathematical Symbols*

James O. Maloney, Ph.D., P.E., Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering, Univer-

sity of Kansas; Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineering; Fellow, American Associa-

tion for the Advancement of Science; Member, American Chemical Society, American Society for

Engineering Education

  • Much of the material was taken from Sec. 1. of the fifth edition. The contribution of Cecil H. Chilton in developing that material is acknowledged.

FIG. 1-1 Graphic relationships of SI units with names ( U.S. National Bureau of Standards, LC 1078, December 1976. )

TABLE 1-4 Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units

Conversion factor; multiply Customary or commonly Alternate customary unit by factor to Quantity used unit SI unit SI unit obtain SI unit

TABLE 1-4 Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)

Conversion factor; multiply Customary or commonly Alternate customary unit by factor to

TABLE 1-4 Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)

Conversion factor; multiply Customary or commonly Alternate customary unit by factor to

TABLE 1-4 Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)

Conversion factor; multiply Customary or commonly Alternate customary unit by factor to Quantity used unit SI unit SI unit obtain SI unit

TABLE 1-4 Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)

Conversion factor; multiply Customary or commonly Alternate customary unit by factor to

TABLE 1-4 Conversion Factors: U.S. Customary and Commonly Used Units to SI Units (Continued)

Conversion factor; multiply Customary or commonly Alternate customary unit by factor to

TABLE 1-5 Metric Conversion Factors as Exact Numerical Multiples of SI Units

The first two digits of each numerical entry represent a power of 10. For example, the entry “−02 2.54” expresses the fact that 1 in = 2.54 × 10 −^2 m.

minute (mean solar) second (mean solar) +01 6.00 second (mean solar) second (ephemeris) Consult minute (sidereal) second (mean solar) +01 5.983 617 American month (mean calendar) second (mean solar) +06 2.628 Ephemeris nautical mile (international) meter +03 1.852 and Nautical

1-16 TABLE 1-

Alphabetical Listing of Common Conversions

Concluded)

To convert from

To

Multiply by

To convert from

To

Multiply by

Drams (avoirdupois)

Grams

Horsepower (British)

Pounds water evaporated per hour

Dynes

Newtons

×

− 5

at 212

°F

Ergs

Joules

×

− 7

Horsepower (metric)

Foot-pounds per second

Faradays

Coulombs (abs.)

Horsepower (metric)

Kilogram-meters per second

Fathoms

Feet

Hours (mean solar)

Seconds

Feet

Meters

Inches

Meters

Feet per minute

Centimeters per second

Inches of mercury at 60

°F

Newtons per square meter

Feet per minute

Miles per hour

Inches of water at 60

°F

Newtons per square meter

Feet per (second)

(^2)

Meters per (second)

(^2)

Joules (absolute)

B.t.u. (mean)

×

− 4

Feet of water at 39.

°F.

Newtons per square meter

Joules (absolute)

Calories, gram (mean)

Foot-poundals

B.t.u.

×

− 5

Joules (absolute)

Cubic foot-atmospheres

Foot-poundals

Joules

Joules (absolute)

Foot-pounds

Foot-poundals

Liter-atmospheres

×

− 4

Joules (absolute)

Kilowatt-hours

×

− 7

Foot-pounds

B.t.u.

Joules (absolute)

Liter-atmospheres

Foot-pounds

Calories, gram

Kilocalories

Joules

Foot-pounds

Foot-poundals

Kilograms

Pounds (avoirdupois)

Foot-pounds

Horsepower-hours

×

− 7

Kilograms force

Newtons

Foot-pounds

Kilowatt-hours

×

− 7

Kilograms per square centimeter

Pounds per square inch

Foot-pounds

Liter-atmospheres

Kilometers

Miles

Foot-pounds force

Joules

Kilowatt-hours

B.t.u.

Foot-pounds per second

Horsepower

Kilowatt-hours

Foot-pounds

×

6

Foot-pounds per second

Kilowatts

Kilowatts

Horsepower

Furlongs

Miles

Knots (international)

Meters per second

Gallons (U.S. liquid)

Barrels (U.S. liquid)

Knots (nautical miles per hour)

Miles per hour

Gallons

Cubic meters

Lamberts

Candles per square inch

Gallons

Cubic feet

Liter-atmospheres

Cubic foot-atmospheres

Gallons

Gallons (Imperial)

Liter-atmospheres

Foot-pounds

Gallons

Liters

Liters

Cubic feet

Gallons

Ounces (U.S. fluid)

Liters

Cubic meters

Gallons per minute

Cubic feet per hour

Liters

Gallons

Gallons per minute

Cubic feet per second

Lumens

Watts

Grains

Grams

Micromicrons

Microns

×

− 6

Grains

Pounds

⁄^1

7000

Microns

Angstrom units

×

4

Grains per cubic foot

Grams per cubic meter

Microns

Meters

×

− 6

Grains per gallon

Parts per million

Miles (nautical)

Feet

Grams

Drams (avoirdupois)

Miles (nautical)

Miles (U.S. statute)

Grams

Drams (troy)

Miles

Feet

Grams

Grains

Miles

Meters

Grams

Kilograms

Miles per hour

Feet per second

Grams

Pounds (avoirdupois)

Miles per hour

Meters per second

Grams

Pounds (troy)

Milliliters

Cubic centimeters

Grams per cubic centimeter

Pounds per cubic foot

Millimeters

Meters

Grams per cubic centimeter

Pounds per gallon

Millimeters of mercury at 0

°C.

Newtons per square meter

Grams per liter

Grains per gallon

Millimicrons

Microns

Grams per liter

Pounds per cubic foot

Mils

Inches

Grams per square centimeter

Pounds per square foot

Mils

Meters

×

− 5

Grams per square centimeter

Pounds per square inch

Minims (U.S.)

Cubic centimeters

Hectares

Acres

Minutes (angle)

Radians

×

− 4

Hectares

Square meters

Minutes (mean solar)

Seconds

Horsepower (British)

B.t.u. per minute

Newtons

Kilograms

Horsepower (British)

B.t.u. per hour

Ounces (avoirdupois)

Kilograms

Horsepower (British)

Foot-pounds per minute

Ounces (avoirdupois)

Ounces (troy)

Horsepower (British)

Foot-pounds per second

Ounces (U.S. fluid)

Cubic meters

×

− 5

Horsepower (British)

Watts

Ounces (troy)

Ounces (apothecaries’)

Horsepower (British)

Horsepower (metric)

Pints (U.S. liquid)

Cubic meters

×

− 4

Horsepower (British)

Pounds carbon to CO

(^2)

Poundals

Newtons

per hour

Pounds (avoirdupois)

Grains

Square feet

Square meters

Pounds (avoirdupois)

Kilograms

Square feet per hour

Square meters per second

×

− 5

Pounds (avoirdupois)

Pounds (troy)

Square inches

Square centimeters

Pounds per cubic foot

Grams per cubic centimeter

Square inches

Square meters

×

− 4

Pounds per cubic foot

Kilograms per cubic meter

Square yards

Square meters

Pounds per square foot

Atmospheres

×

− 4

Stokes

Square meters per second

×

− 4

Pounds per square foot

Kilograms per square meter

Tons (long)

Kilograms

Pounds per square inch

Atmospheres

Tons (long)

Pounds

Pounds per square inch

Kilograms per square centimeter

Tons (metric)

Kilograms

Pounds per square inch

Newtons per square meter

Tons (metric)

Pounds

Pounds force

Newtons

Tons (metric)

Tons (short)

Pounds force per square foot

Newtons per square meter

Tons (short)

Kilograms

Pounds water evaporated from

Horsepower-hours

Tons (short)

Pounds

and at 212

°F.

Tons (refrigeration)

B.t.u. per hour

Pound-centigrade units (p.c.u.)

B.t.u.

Tons (British shipping)

Cubic feet

Quarts (U.S. liquid)

Cubic meters

×

− 4

Tons (U.S. shipping)

Cubic feet

Radians

Degrees

Torr (mm. mercury, 0

°C.)

Newtons per square meter

Revolutions per minute

Radians per second

Watts

B.t.u. per hour

Seconds (angle)

Radians

×

− 6

Watts

Joules per second

Slugs

Gee pounds

Watts

Kilogram-meters per second

Slugs

Kilograms

Watt-hours

Joules

Slugs

Pounds

Yards

Meters

Square centimeters

Square feet

TABLE 1-

Alphabetical Listing of Common Conversions

Concluded)

To convert from

To

Multiply by

To convert from

To

Multiply by

TABLE 1-10 United States Customary System of Weights and Measures

Linear Measure 12 inches (in) or (″) = 1 foot (ft) or (′) 3 feet = 1 yard (yd)

 =^ 1 rod (rd)

 =^ 1 mile (mi) 1 mil = 0.001 inch Nautical: 6080.2 feet = 1 nautical mile 6 feet = 1 fathom 120 fathoms = 1 cable length 1 knot = 1 nautical mile per hour 60 nautical miles = 1 ° of latitude

Square Measure 144 sq. inches (sq. in) or (in^2 ) or (″) = 1 sq. foot (ft^2 ) or (′) 9 sq. feet (ft^2 ) (′) = 1 sq. yard (yd^2 ) 30.25 sq. yards = 1 sq. rod, pole, or perch

160 sq. rods = (^)   = 1 acre

640 acres = 1 sq. mile = 1 section 1 circular inch (area of circle of 1 inch diameter) = 0.7854 sq. inch 1 sq. inch = 1.2732 circular inch 1 circular mil = area of circle of 0. inch diameter 1,000,000 circular mils = 1 circular inch

Circular Measure 60 seconds (″) (sec) = 1 minute (min) or (′) 60 minutes (′) = 1 degree (°) 90 degrees (°) = 1 quadrant 360 degrees (°) = 1 circumference

57.29578 degrees (^) 

Volume Measure Solid: 1728 cubic in (cu. in) (in^3 ) = 1 cubic foot (cu. ft)(ft^3 ) 27 cu. ft = 1 cubic yard (cu. yd) Dry Measure: 2 pints = 1 quart 8 quarts = 1 peck 4 pecks = 1 bushel 1 United States Winchester bushel = 2150.42 cubic inches Liquid: 4 gills = 1 pint (pt) 2 pints = 1 quart (qt) 4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal) 7.4805 gallons = 1 cubic foot Apothecaries’ Liquid: 60 minims (min. or ) = 1 fluid dram or drachm 8 drams ( ) = 1 fluid ounce 16 ounces (oz. ) = 1 pint

Avoirdupois Weight 16 drams = 437.5 grains = 1 ounce (oz) 16 ounces = 7000 grains = 1 pound (lb) 100 pounds = 1 hundredweight (cwt) 2000 pounds = 1 short ton: 2240 pounds = 1 long ton Troy Weight 24 grains = 1 pennyweight (dwt) 20 pennyweights = 1 ounce (oz) 12 ounces = 1 pound (lb) Apothecaries’ Weight 20 grains (gr) = 1 scruple ( ) 3 scruples = 1 dram ( ) 8 drams = 1 ounce ( ) 12 ounces = 1 pound (lb)

= 1 radian (rad.) = 57 ° 17 ′ 44.81″

10 sq. chains 43,560 sq. ft

5280 feet 320 rods

16.5 feet 5.5 yards

TABLE 1-11 Temperature Conversion Formulas °F = (°C × 5/9) + 32 °C = (°F − 32) × 5/ °R = °F + 459. °K = °C + 273. °K = °R × 5/

Temperature difference, T °F = °C × 9/ NOTE: An extensive table of temperature conversions may be found in the sixth edition of the Handbook (Table 1-12).

TABLE 1-12 Specific Gravity, Degrees Baumé, Degrees API, Degrees Twaddell, Pounds per Gallon, Pounds per Cubic Foot*

Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per gal at ft^3 at gal at ft^3 at gal at ft^3 at gal at ft^3 at Sp gr 60 °F 60 °F Sp gr 60 °F 60 °F Sp gr 60 °F 60 °F Sp gr 60 °F 60 °F. 60 °/ wt in wt in 60 °/ wt in wt in 60 °/ wt in wt in 60 °/ wt in wt. in Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per Lb per Sp gal at ft^3 at Sp gal at ft^3 at Sp gal at ft^3 at Sp gal at ft^3 at gr 60 °F 60 °F gr 60 °F 60 °F gr 60 °F 60 °F gr 60 °F 60 °F. 60 °/ wt in wt in 60 °/ wt in wt in 60 °/ wt in wt in 60 °/ wt in wt. in *Prepared by Lewis V. Judson, Ph.D., Chief of Length Section of National Bureau of Standards with the advice and assistance of E. L. Peffer, B.S., A.M., late Chief of Capacity and Density

sp gr

  • Length naut mi km 1.852* E + Space,† time - mi km 1.609 344* E + - chain m 2.011 68* E + - link m 2.011 68* E − - fathom m 1.828 8* E + - yd m 9.144* E − - ft m 3.048* E − - cm 3.048* E + - in mm 2.54* E + - in cm 2.54 E + - mil μm 2.54* E +
  • Length/length ft/mi m/km 1.893 939 E −
  • Length/volume ft/U.S. gal m/m^3 8.051 964 E + - ft/ft^3 m/m^3 1.076 391 E + - ft/bbl m/m^3 1.917 134 E +
  • Area mi^2 km^2 2.589 988 E + - section ha 2.589 988 E + - acre ha 4.046 856 E − - ha m 2 1.000 000* E + - yd^2 m^2 8.361 274 E − - ft^2 m^2 9.290 304* E − - in^2 mm^2 6.451 6* E + - cm^2 6.451 6* E +
  • Area/volume ft^2 /in^3 m^2 /cm^3 5.699 291 E − - ft^2 /ft^3 m^2 /m^3 3.280 840 E +
  • Volume cubem km^3 4.168 182 E + - acre⋅ft m 3 1.233 482 E + - ha⋅m 1.233 482 E − - yd^3 m^3 7.645 549 E − - bbl (42 U.S. gal) m^3 1.589 873 E − - ft^3 m^3 2.831 685 E − - dm^3 L 2.831 685 E + - U.K. gal m^3 4.546 092 E − - dm^3 L 4.546 092 E + - U.S. gal m^3 3.785 412 E − - dm^3 L 3.785 412 E + - U.K. qt dm^3 L 1.136 523 E + - U.S. qt dm^3 L 9.463 529 E − - U.S. pt dm^3 L 4.731 765 E − - U.K. fl oz cm^3 2.841 307 E + - U.S. fl oz cm^3 2.957 353 E + - in^3 cm^3 1.638 706 E +
  • Volume/length (linear bbl/in m^3 m 6.259 342 E +
    • displacement) bbl/ft m^3 /m 5.216 119 E −
      • ft^3 /ft m^3 /m 9.290 304* E −
      • U.S. gal/ft m^3 /m 1.241 933 E −
        • L/m 1.241 933 E +
  • Plane angle rad rad - deg (°) rad 1.745 329 E − - min (′) rad 2.908 882 E − - sec (″) rad 4.848 137 E −
  • Solid angle sr sr
  • Time year a - week d 7.0* E + - h s 3.6* E + - min 6.0* E + - min s 6.0* E + - h 1.666 667 E − - mμs ns
  • Mass U.K. ton Mg t 1.016 047 E + Mass, amount of substance - U.S. ton Mg t 9.071 847 E − - U.K. cwt kg 5.080 234 E + - U.S. cwt kg 4.535 924 E + - lbm kg 4.535 924 E − - oz (troy) g 3.110 348 E + - oz (av) g 2.834 952 E + - gr mg 6.479 891 E +
  • Amount of substance lbm⋅mol kmol 4.535 924 E − Quantity used unit SI unit SI unit obtain SI unit - std m^3 (0°C, 1 atm) kmol 4.461 58 E − - std ft^3 (60°F, 1 atm) kmol 1.195 30 E −
  • Calorific value, enthalpy Btu/lbm MJ/kg 2.326 000 E − Enthalpy, calorific value, heat, entropy, heat capacity
    • (mass basis) kJ/kg J/g 2.326 000 E + - kWh/kg 6.461 112 E −
      • cal/g kJ/kg J/g 4.184* E +
      • cal/lbm J/kg 9.224 141 E +
  • Caloric value, enthalpy kcal/(g⋅mol) kJ/kmol 4.184* E +
    • (mole basis) Btu/(lb⋅mol) kJ/kmol 2.326 000 E +
  • Calorific value (volume Btu/U.S. gal MJ/m^3 kJ/dm^3 2.787 163 E −
    • basis—solids and liquids) kJ/m^3 2.787 163 E + - kWh/m^3 7.742 119 E −
      • Btu/U.K. gal MJ/m^3 kJ/dm^3 2.320 800 E −
        • kJ/m^3 2.320 800 E +
      • Btu/ft^3 kWh/m^3 6.446 667 E −
        • MJ/m^3 kJ/dm^3 3.725 895 E −
        • kJ/m^3 3.725 895 E +
        • kWh/m^3 1.034 971 E −
      • cal/mL MJ/m^3 4.184* E +
      • (ft⋅lbf)/U.S. gal kJ/m^3 3.581 692 E −
  • Calorific value (volume cal/mL kJ/m^3 J/dm^3 4.184* E +
    • basis—gases) kcal/m^3 kJ/m^3 J/dm^3 4.184* E +
      • Btu/ft^3 kJ/m^3 J/dm^3 3.725 895 E +
        • kWh/m^3 1.034 971 E −
  • Specific entropy Btu/(lbm⋅°R) kJ/(kg⋅K) J/(g⋅K) 4.186 8* E + - cal/(g⋅K) kJ/(kg⋅K) J/(g⋅K) 4.184* E + - kcal/(kg⋅°C) kJ/(kg⋅K) J/(g⋅K) 4.184* E +
  • Specific-heat capacity (mass kWh/(kg⋅°C) kJ/(kg⋅K) J/(g⋅K) 3.6* E +
    • basis) Btu/(lbm⋅°F) kJ/(kg⋅K) J/(g⋅K) 4.186 8* E +
      • kcal/(kg⋅°C) kJ/(kg⋅K) J/(g⋅K) 4.184* E +
  • Specific-heat capacity (mole Btu/(lb⋅mol⋅°F) kJ/(kmol⋅K) 4.186 8* E +
    • basis) cal/(g⋅mol⋅°C) kJ/(kmol⋅K) 4.184* E +
  • Temperature (absolute) °R K 5/ Temperature, pressure, vacuum - K K
  • Temperature (difference) °F K, °C 5/ Temperature (traditional) °F °C 5/9(°F − 32)
  • Pressure atm (760 mmHg at 0°C or 14,696 psi) MPa 1.013 250* E − - kPa 1.013 250* E + - bar 1.013 250* E + - bar MPa 1.0* E − - kPa 1.0* E + - mmHg (0°C) = torr MPa 6.894 757 E − - kPa 6.894 757 E + - bar 6.894 757 E − - μmHg (0°C) kPa 3.376 85 E + - μ bar kPa 2.488 4 E − - mmHg = torr (0°C) kPa 1.333 224 E − - cmH 2 O (4°C) kPa 9.806 38 E − - lbf/ft^2 (psf) kPa 4.788 026 E − - mHg (0°C) Pa 1.333 224 E − - bar Pa 1.0* E + - dyn/cm^2 Pa 1.0* E −
  • Vacuum, draft inHg (60°F) kPa 3.376 85 E + - inH 2 O (39.2°F) kPa 2.490 82 E − - inH 2 O (60°F) kPa 2.488 4 E − - mmHg (0°C) = torr kPa 1.333 224 E − - cmH 2 O (4°C) kPa 9.806 38 E −
  • Liquid head ft m 3.048* E − - in mm 2.54* E + - cm 2.54* E +
  • Pressure drop/length psi/ft kPa/m 2.262 059 E +
  • Density lbm/ft^3 kg/m^3 1.601 846 E + Density, specific volume, concentration, dosage - g/m^3 1.601 846 E +
    • lbm/U.S. gal kg/m^3 1.198 264 E +
      • g/cm^3 1.198 264 E −
    • lbm/U.K. gal kg/m^3 9.977 633 E +
    • lbm/ft^3 kg/m^3 1.601 846 E +
      • g/cm^3 1.601 846 E −
    • g/cm^3 kg/m^3 1.0* E +
    • lbm/ft^3 kg/m^3 1.601 846 E +
  • Specific volume ft^3 /lbm m^3 /kg 6.242 796 E − - m^3 /g 6.242 796 E −
    • ft^3 /lbm dm^3 /kg 6.242 796 E +
    • U.K. gal/lbm dm^3 /kg cm^3 /g 1.002 242 E +
    • U.S. gal/lbm dm^3 /kg cm^3 /g 8.345 404 E +
  • Specific volume (mole basis) L/(g⋅mol) m^3 /kmol
    • ft^3 /(lb⋅mol) m^3 /kmol 6.242 796 E −
  • Specific volume bbl/U.S. ton m^3 /t 1.752 535 E −
    • bbl/U.K. ton m^3 /t 1.564 763 E −
  • Yield bbl/U.S. ton dm^3 /t L/t 1.752 535 E +
    • bbl/U.K. ton dm^3 /t L/t 1.564 763 E +
    • U.S. gal/U.S. ton dm^3 /t L/t 4.172 702 E +
    • U.S. gal/U.K. ton dm^3 /t L/t 3.725 627 E +
  • Concentration (mass/mass) wt % kg/kg 1.0* E − - g/kg 1.0* E +
    • wt ppm mg/kg
  • Concentration (mass/volume) lbm/bbl kg/m^3 g/dm^3 2.853 010 E +
    • g/U.S. gal kg/m^3 2.641 720 E −
    • g/U.K. gal kg/m^3 g/L 2.199 692 E −
    • lbm/1000 U.S. gal g/m^3 mg/dm^3 1.198 264 E +
    • lbm/1000 U.K. gal g/m^3 mg/dm^3 9.977 633 E +
    • gr/U.S. gal g/m^3 mg/dm^3 1.711 806 E +
    • gr/ft^3 mg/m^3 2.288 351 E +
    • lbm/1000 bbl g/m^3 mg/dm^3 2.853 010 E +
    • mg/U.S. gal g/m^3 mg/dm^3 2.641 720 E −
    • gr/100 ft^3 mg/m^3 2.288 351 E +
  • Concentration (volume/volume) ft^3 /ft^3 m^3 /m^3
    • bbl/(acre⋅ft) m^3 /m^3 1.288 931 E −
    • vol% m^3 /m^3 1.0* E −
    • U.K. gal/ft^3 dm^3 /m^3 L/m^3 1.605 437 E +
    • U.S. gal/ft^3 dm^3 /m^3 L/m^3 1.336 806 E +
    • mL/U.S. gal dm^3 /m^3 L/m^3 2.641 720 E −
    • mL/U.K. gal dm^3 /m^3 L/m^3 2.199 692 E −
    • vol ppm cm^3 /m^3
      • dm^3 /m^3 L/m^3 1.0* E −
    • U.K. gal/1000 bbl cm^3 /m^3 2.859 403 E +
    • U.S. gal/1000 bbl cm^3 /m^3 2.380 952 E +
    • U.K. pt/1000 bbl cm^3 /m^3 3.574 253 E +
  • Concentration (mole/volume) (lb⋅mol)/U.S. gal kmol/m^3 1.198 264 E +
    • (lb⋅mol)/U.K. gal kmol/m^3 9.977 644 E +
    • (lb⋅mol)/ft^3 kmol/m^3 1.601 846 E +
    • std ft^3 (60°F, 1 atm)/bbl kmol/m^3 7.518 21 E −
  • Concentration (volume/mole) U.S. gal/1000 std ft^3 (60°F/60°F) dm^3 /kmol L/kmol 3.166 91 E +
    • bbl/million std ft^3 (60°F/60°F) dm^3 /kmol L/kmol 1.330 10 E −
  • Throughput (mass basis) U.K. ton/year t/a 1.016 047 E + Facility throughput, capacity
    • U.S. ton/year t/a 9.071 847 E −
    • U.K. ton/day t/d 1.016 047 E +
      • t/h 4.233 529 E −
    • U.S. ton/day t/d 9.071 847 E −
      • t/h 3.779 936 E −
    • U.K. ton/h t/h 1.016 047 E +
    • U.S. ton/h t/h 9.071 847 E −
    • lbm/h kg/h 4.535 924 E −
  • Throughput (volume basis) bbl/day t/a 5.803 036 E + Quantity used unit SI unit SI unit obtain SI unit - m 3 /d 1.589 873 E −
    • ft^3 /day m^3 /h 1.179 869 E −
    • bbl/h m^3 /h 1.589 873 E −
    • ft^3 /h m^3 /h 2.831 685 E −
    • U.K. gal/h m^3 /h 4.546 092 E −
      • L/s 1.262 803 E −
    • U.S. gal/h m^3 /h 3.785 412 E −
      • L/s 1.051 503 E −
    • U.K. gal/min m^3 /h 2.727 655 E −
      • L/s 7.576 819 E −
    • U.S. gal/min m^3 /h 2.271 247 E −
      • L/s 6.309 020 E −
  • Throughput (mole basis) (lbm⋅mol)/h kmol/h 4.535 924 E − - kmol/s 1.259 979 E −
  • Flow rate (mass basis) U.K. ton/min kg/s 1.693 412 E + Flow rate
    • U.S. ton/min kg/s 1.511 974 E +
    • U.K. ton/h kg/s 2.822 353 E −
    • U.S. ton/h kg/s 2.519 958 E −
    • U.K. ton/day kg/s 1.175 980 E −
    • U.S. ton/day kg/s 1.049 982 E −
    • million lbm/year kg/s 5.249 912 E +
    • U.K. ton/year kg/s 3.221 864 E −
    • U.S. ton/year kg/s 2.876 664 E −
    • lbm/s kg/s 4.535 924 E −
    • lbm/min kg/s 7.559 873 E −
    • lbm/h kg/s 1.259 979 E −
  • Flow rate (volume basis) bbl/day m^3 /d 1.589 873 E − - L/s 1.840 131 E −
    • ft^3 /day m^3 /d 2.831 685 E −
      • L/s 3.277 413 E −
    • bbl/h m^3 /s 4.416 314 E −
      • L/s 4.416 314 E −
    • ft^3 /h m^3 /s 7.865 791 E −
      • L/s 7.865 791 E −
    • U.K. gal/h dm^3 /s L/s 1.262 803 E −
    • U.S. gal/h dm^3 /s L/s 1.051 503 E −
    • U.K. gal/min dm^3 /s L/s 7.576 820 E −
    • U.S. gal/min dm^3 /s L/s 6.309 020 E −
    • ft^3 /min dm^3 /s L/s 4.719 474 E −
    • ft^3 /s dm^3 /s L/s 2.831 685 E +
  • Flow rate (mole basis) (lb⋅mol)/s kmol/s 4.535 924 E −
    • (lb⋅mol)/h kmol/s 1.259 979 E −
    • million scf/D kmol/s 1.383 45 E −
  • Flow rate/length (mass basis) lbm/(s⋅ft) kg/(s⋅m) 1.488 164 E +
    • lbm/(h⋅ft) kg/(s⋅m) 4.133 789 E −
  • Flow rate/length (volume basis) U.K. gal/(min⋅ft) m^2 /s m^3 /(s⋅m) 2.485 833 E −
    • U.S. gal/(min⋅ft) m^2 /s m^3 /(s⋅m) 2.069 888 E −
    • U.K. gal/(h⋅in) m^2 /s m^3 /(s⋅m) 4.971 667 E −
    • U.S. gal/(h⋅in) m^2 /s m^3 /(s⋅m) 4.139 776 E −
    • U.K. gal/(h⋅ft) m^2 /s m^3 /(s⋅m) 4.143 055 E −
    • U.S. gal/(h⋅ft) m^2 /s m^3 /(s⋅m) 3.449 814 E −
  • Flow rate/area (mass basis) lbm/(s⋅ft^2 ) kg/(s⋅m^2 ) 4.882 428 E +
    • lbm/(h⋅ft^2 ) kg/(s⋅m^2 ) 1.356 230 E −
  • Flow rate/area (volume basis) ft^3 /(s⋅ft^2 ) m/s m^3 /(s⋅m^2 ) 3.048* E −
    • ft^3 /(min⋅ft^2 ) m/s m^3 /(s⋅m^2 ) 5.08* E −
    • U.K. gal/(h⋅in^2 ) m/s m 3 /(s⋅m^2 ) 1.957 349 E −
    • U.S. gal/(h⋅in^2 ) m/s m 3 /(s⋅m^2 ) 1.629 833 E −
    • U.K. gal/(min⋅ft 2 ) m/s m 3 /(s⋅m^2 ) 8.155 621 E −
    • U.S. gal/(min⋅ft 2 ) m/s m 3 /(s⋅m^2 ) 6.790 972 E −
    • U.K. gal/(h⋅ft 2 ) m/s m^3 /(s⋅m^2 ) 1.359 270 E −
    • U.S. gal/(h⋅ft^2 ) m/s m^3 /(s⋅m^2 ) 1.131 829 E −
  • Energy, work therm MJ 1.055 056 E + Energy, work, power - kJ 1.055 056 E + - kWh 2.930 711 E + - U.S. tonf⋅mi MJ 1.431 744 E + - hp⋅h MJ 2.684 520 E + - kJ 2.684 520 E + - kWh 7.456 999 E − - ch⋅h or CV⋅h MJ 2.647 780 E + - kJ 2.647 780 E + - kWh 7.354 999 E − - kWh MJ 3.6* E + - kJ 3.6* E + - Chu kJ 1.899 101 E + - kWh 5.275 280 E − - Btu kJ 1.055 056 E + - kWh 2.930 711 E − - kcal kJ 4.184* E + - cal kJ 4.184* E − - ft⋅lbf kJ 1.355 818 E − - lbf⋅ft kJ 1.355 818 E − - J kJ 1.0* E − - (lbf⋅ft 2 )/s^2 kJ 4.214 011 E − - erg J 1.0* E −
  • Impact energy kgf⋅m J 9.806 650* E + - lbf⋅ft J 1.355 818 E +
  • Surface energy erg/cm^2 mJ/m^2 1.0* E +
  • Specific-impact energy (kgf⋅m)/cm^2 J/cm^2 9.806 650* E − - (lbf⋅ft)/in^2 J/cm^2 2.101 522 E −
  • Power million Btu/h MW 2.930 711 E − - ton of refrigeration kW 3.516 853 E + - Btu/s kW 1.055 056 E + - kW kW - hydraulic horsepower—hhp kW 7.460 43 E − - hp (electric) kW 7.46* E − - hp [(550 ft⋅lbf)/s] kW 7.456 999 E − - ch or CV kW 7.354 999 E − - Btu/min kW 1.758 427 E − - (ft⋅lbf)/s kW 1.355 818 E − - kcal/h W 1.162 222 E + - Btu/h W 2.930 711 E − - (ft⋅lbf)/min W 2.259 697 E −
  • Power/area Btu/(s⋅ft^2 ) kW/m^2 1.135 653 E + - cal/(h⋅cm^2 ) kW/m^2 1.162 222 E − - Btu/(h⋅ft^2 ) kW/m^2 3.154 591 E −
  • Heat-release rate, mixing power hp/ft^3 kW/m^3 2.633 414 E + - cal/(h⋅cm^3 ) kW/m^3 1.162 222 E + - Btu/(s⋅ft^3 ) kW/m^3 3.725 895 E + - Btu/(h⋅ft^3 ) kW/m^3 1.034 971 E −
  • Cooling duty (machinery) Btu/(bhp⋅h) W/kW 3.930 148 E −
  • Specific fuel consumption (mass lbm/(hp⋅h) mg/J kg/MJ 1.689 659 E −
    • basis) kg/kWh 6.082 774 E −
  • Specific fuel consumption (volume m^3 /kWh dm^3 /MJ mm^3 /J 2.777 778 E +
    • basis) U.S. gal/(hp⋅h) dm^3 /MJ mm^3 /J 1.410 089 E +
      • U.K. pt/(hp⋅h) dm^3 /MJ mm^3 /J 2.116 806 E −
  • Fuel consumption U.K. gal/mi dm^3 /100 km L/100 km 2.824 807 E + - U.S. gal/mi dm^3 /100 km L/100 km 2.352 146 E + - mi/U.S. gal km/dm^3 km/L 4.251 437 E − - mi/U.K. gal km/dm^3 km/L 3.540 064 E −
  • Velocity (linear), speed knot km/h 1.852* E + Quantity used unit SI unit SI unit obtain SI unit - mi/h km/h 1.609 344* E + - ft/s m/s 3.048* E − - cm/s 3.048* E + - ft/min m/s 5.08* E − - ft/h mm/s 8.466 667 E − - ft/day mm/s 3.527 778 E − - m/d 3.048* E − - in/s mm/s 2.54* E + - in/min mm/s 4.233 333 E −
  • Corrosion rate in/year (ipy) mm/a 2.54* E + - mil/year mm/a 2.54* E −
  • Rotational frequency r/min r/s 1.666 667 E − - rad/s 1.047 198 E −
  • Acceleration (linear) ft/s^2 m/s^2 3.048* E − - cm/s^2 3.048* E +
  • Acceleration (rotational) rpm/s rad/s^2 1.047 198 E −
  • Momentum (lbm⋅ft)/s (kg⋅m)/s 1.382 550 E −
  • Force U.K. tonf kN 9.964 016 E + - U.S. tonf kN 8.896 443 E + - kgf (kp) N 9.806 650* E + - lbf N 4.448 222 E + - dyn mN 1.0 E −
  • Bending moment, torque U.S. tonf⋅ft kN⋅m 2.711 636 E + - kgf⋅m N⋅m 9.806 650* E + - lbf⋅ft N⋅m 1.355 818 E + - lbf⋅in N⋅m 1.129 848 E −
  • Bending moment/length (lbf⋅ft)/in (N⋅m)/m 5.337 866 E + - (lbf⋅in)/in (N⋅m)/m 4.448 222 E +
  • Moment of inertia lbm⋅ft^2 kg⋅m^2 4.214 011 E −
  • Stress U.S. tonf/in^2 MPa N/mm^2 1.378 951 E + - kgf/mm^2 MPa N/mm^2 9.806 650* E + - U.S. tonf/ft^2 MPa N/mm^2 9.576 052 E − - lbf/in^2 (psi) MPa N/mm^2 6.894 757 E − - lbf/ft^2 (psf) kPa 4.788 026 E − - dyn/cm^2 Pa 1.0* E −
  • Mass/length lbm/ft kg/m 1.488 164 E +
  • Mass/area structural loading, U.S. ton/ft^2 Mg/m^2 9.764 855 E +
    • bearing capacity (mass lbm/ft^2 kg/m^2 4.882 428 E +
  • Diffusivity ft^2 /s m^2 /s 9.290 304* E − Miscellaneous transport properties - m^2 /s mm^2 /s 1.0* E + - ft^2 /h m^2 /s 2.580 64* E −
  • Thermal resistance (°C⋅m^2 ⋅h)/kcal (K⋅m^2 )/kW 8.604 208 E + - (°F⋅ft^2 ⋅h)/Btu (K⋅m^2 )/kW 1.761 102 E +
  • Heat flux Btu/(h⋅ft^2 ) kW/m^2 3.154 591 E −
  • Thermal conductivity (cal⋅cm)/(s⋅cm^2 ⋅°C) W/(m⋅K) 4.184* E + - (Btu⋅ft)/(h⋅ft^2 ⋅°F) W/(m⋅K) 1.730 735 E + - (kJ⋅m)/(h⋅m 2 ⋅K) 6.230 646 E + - (kcal⋅m)/(h⋅m^2 ⋅°C) W/(m⋅K) 1.162 222 E + - (Btu⋅in)/(h⋅ft^2 ⋅°F) W/(m⋅K) 1.442 279 E − - (cal⋅cm)/(h⋅cm^2 ⋅°C) W/(m⋅K) 1.162 222 E −
  • Heat-transfer coefficient cal/(s⋅cm^2 ⋅°C) kW/(m^2 ⋅K) 4.184* E + - Btu/(s⋅ft^2 ⋅°F) kW/(m^2 ⋅K) 2.044 175 E + - cal/(h⋅cm^2 ⋅°C) kW/(m^2 ⋅K) 1.162 222 E − - Btu/(h⋅ft^2 ⋅°F) kW/(m^2 ⋅K) 5.678 263 E − - kJ/(h⋅m 2 ⋅K) 2.044 175 E + - Btu/(h⋅ft^2 ⋅°R) kW/(m^2 ⋅K) 5.678 263 E − - kcal/(h⋅m^2 ⋅°C) kW/(m^2 ⋅K) 1.162 222 E −
  • Volumetric heat-transfer Btu/(s⋅ft^3 ⋅°F) kW/(m^3 ⋅K) 6.706 611 E + Quantity used unit SI unit SI unit obtain SI unit
    • coefficient Btu/(h⋅ft 3 ⋅°F) kW/(m^3 ⋅K) 1.862 947 E −
  • Surface tension dyn/cm mN/m
  • Viscosity (dynamic) (lbf⋅s)/in^2 Pa⋅s (N⋅s)/m^2 6.894 757 E + - (lbf⋅s)/ft^2 Pa⋅s (N⋅s)/m^2 4.788 026 E + - (kgf⋅s)/m^2 Pa⋅s (N⋅s)/m^2 9.806 650* E + - lbm/(ft⋅s) Pa⋅s (N⋅s)/m^2 1.488 164 E + - (dyn⋅s)/cm^2 Pa⋅s (N⋅s)/m^2 1.0* E − - cP Pa⋅s (N⋅s)/m^2 1.0* E − - lbm/(ft⋅h) Pa⋅s (N⋅s)/m^2 4.133 789 E −
  • Viscosity (kinematic) ft^2 /s m^2 /s 9.290 304* E − - in^2 /s mm^2 /s 6.451 6* E + - m^2 /h mm^2 /s 2.777 778 E + - ft^2 /h m^2 /s 2.580 64* E − - cSt mm^2 /s
  • Permeability darcy μm^2 9.869 233 E − - millidarcy μm 2 9.869 233 E −
  • Thermal flux Btu/(h⋅ft^2 ) W/m^2 3.152 E + - Btu/(s⋅ft^2 ) W/m^2 1.135 E + - cal/(s⋅cm^2 ) W/m^2 4.184 E +
  • Mass-transfer coefficient (lb⋅mol)/[h⋅ft^2 (lb⋅mol/ft^3 )] m/s 8.467 E − - (g⋅mol)/[s⋅m 2 (g⋅mol/L)] m/s 1.0 E +
  • Admittance S S Electricity, magnetism
  • Capacitance μF μF
  • Charge density C/mm^3 C/mm^3
  • Conductance S S - (mho) S
  • Conductivity S/m S/m - /m S/m - m /m mS/m
  • Current density A/mm^2 A/mm^2
  • Displacement C/cm^2 C/cm^2
  • Electric charge C C
  • Electric current A A
  • Electric-dipole moment C⋅m C⋅m
  • Electric-field strength V/m V/m
  • Electric flux C C
  • Electric polarization C/cm^2 C/cm^2
  • Electric potential V V - mV mV
  • Electromagnetic moment A⋅m 2 A⋅m^2
  • Electromotive force V V
  • Flux of displacement C C
  • Frequency cycles/s Hz
  • Impedance Ω Ω
  • Linear-current density A/mm A/mm
  • Magnetic-dipole moment Wb⋅m Wb⋅m
  • Magnetic-field strength A/mm A/mm - Oe A/m 7.957 747 E + - gamma A/m 7.957 747 E −
  • Magnetic flux mWb mWb
  • Magnetic-flux density mT mT Quantity used unit SI unit SI unit obtain SI unit
    • G T 1.0* E −
    • gamma nT
  • Magnetic induction mT mT
  • Magnetic moment A⋅m 2 A⋅m^2
  • Magnetic polarization mT mT
  • Magnetic potential A A
  • Magnetic-vector potential Wb/mm Wb/mm difference
  • Magnetization A/mm A/mm
  • Modulus of admittance S S
  • Modulus of impedance Ω Ω
  • Mutual inductance H H
  • Permeability μH/m μH/m
  • Permeance H H
  • Permittivity μF/m μF/m
  • Potential difference V V
  • Quantity of electricity C C
  • Reactance Ω Ω
  • Reluctance H−^1 H−^1
  • Resistance Ω Ω
  • Resistivity Ω⋅cm Ω⋅cm
    • Ω⋅m Ω⋅m
  • Self-inductance mH mH
  • Surface density of change mC/m^2 mC/m^2
  • Susceptance S S
  • Volume density of charge C/mm^3 C/mm^3
  • Absorbed dose rad Gy 1.0* E − Acoustics, light, radiation
  • Acoustical energy J J
  • Acoustical intensity W/cm^2 W/m^2 1.0* E +
  • Acoustical power W W
  • Illuminance fc lx 1.076 391 E + Sound pressure N/m^2 N/m^2 1.0*
  • Illumination fc lx 1.076 391 E +
  • Irradiance W/m^2 W/m^2
  • Light exposure fc⋅s lx⋅s 1.076 391 E +
  • Luminance cd/m^2 cd/m^2
  • Luminous efficacy lm/W lm/W
  • Luminous exitance lm/m^2 lm/m^2
  • Luminous flux lm lm
  • Luminous intensity cd cd
  • Radiance W/m^2 ⋅sr W/m^2 ⋅sr
  • Radiant energy J J
  • Radiant flux W W
  • Radiant intensity W/sr W/sr
  • Radiant power W W
  • abampere ampere +01 1.00 fluid ounce (U.S.) meter^3 −05 2.957 To convert from To Multiply by To convert from To Multiply by
  • abcoulomb coulomb +01 1.00 foot meter −01 3.
  • abfarad farad +09 1.00 foot (U.S. survey) meter −01 3.048
  • abhenry henry −09 1.00 foot of water (39.2°F) newton/meter^2 +03 2.988
  • abmho mho +09 1.00 footcandle lumen/meter^2 +01 1.076
  • abohm ohm −09 1.00 footlambert candela/meter^2 +00 3.426
  • abvolt volt −08 1.00 furlong meter +02 2.011
  • acre meter^2 +03 4.046 856 gal (galileo) meter/second^2 −02 1.
  • ampere (international of ampere −01 9.998 35 gallon (U.K. liquid) meter^3 −03 4.546
      1. gallon (U.S. dry) meter^3 −03 4.404
  • angstrom meter −10 1.00 gallon (U.S. liquid) meter^3 −03 3.785
  • are meter^2 +02 1.00 gamma tesla −09 1.
  • astronomical unit meter +11 1.495 978 gauss tesla −04 1.
  • atmosphere newton/meter^2 +05 1.013 25 gilbert ampere turn −01 7.957
  • bar newton/meter^2 +05 1.00 gill (U.K.) meter^3 −04 1.420
  • barn meter^2 −28 1.00 gill (U.S.) meter^3 −04 1.182
  • barrel (petroleum 42 gal) meter^3 −01 1.589 873 grad degree (angular) −01 9.
  • barye newton/meter^2 −01 1.00 grad radian −02 1.570
  • British thermal unit (ISO/ joule +03 1.055 06 grain kilogram −05 6.479
    • TC 12) gram kilogram −03 1.
  • British thermal unit joule +03 1.055 04 hand meter −01 1.
    • (International Steam Table) hectare meter^2 +04 1.
  • British thermal unit (mean) joule +03 1.055 87 henry (international of 1948) henry +00 1.000
  • British thermal unit joule +03 1.054 350 hogshead (U.S.) meter^3 −01 2.384
    • (thermochemical) horsepower (550 ft lbf/s) watt +02 7.456
  • British thermal unit (39°F) joule +03 1.059 67 horsepower (boiler) watt +03 9.809
  • British thermal unit (60°F) joule +03 1.054 68 horsepower (electric) watt +02 7.
  • bushel (U.S.) meter^3 −02 3.523 907 horsepower (metric) watt +02 7.354
  • cable meter +02 2.194 56 horsepower (U.K.) watt +02 7.
  • caliber meter −04 2.54 horsepower (water) watt +02 7.460
  • calorie (International Steam joule +00 4.1868 hour (mean solar) second (mean solar) +03 3.
    • Table) hour (sidereal) second (mean solar) +03 3.590
  • calorie (mean) joule +00 4.190 02 hundredweight (long) kilogram +01 5.080
  • calorie (thermochemical) joule +00 4.184 hundredweight (short) kilogram +01 4.535
  • calorie (15°C) joule +00 4.185 80 inch meter −02 2.
  • calorie (20°C) joule +00 4.181 90 inch of mercury (32°F) newton/meter^2 +03 3.386
  • calorie (kilogram, joule +03 4.186 8 inch of mercury (60°F) newton/meter^2 +03 3.376
    • International Steam Table) inch of water (39.2°F) newton/meter^2 +02 2.490
  • calorie (kilogram, mean) joule +03 4.190 02 inch of water (60°F) newton/meter^2 +02 2.
  • calorie (kilogram, joule +03 4.184 joule (international of 1948) joule +00 1.000
    • thermochemical) kayser 1/meter +02 1.
  • carat (metric) kilogram −04 2.00 kilocalorie (International joule +03 4.186
  • centimeter of mercury (0°C) newton/meter^2 +03 1.333 22 kilocalorie (mean) joule +03 4.190 Celsius (temperature) kelvin t K = t c + 273.15 Steam Table)
  • centimeter of water (4°C) newton/meter^2 +01 9.806 38 kilocalorie (thermochemical) joule +03 4.
  • chain (engineer’s) meter +01 3.048 kilogram mass kilogram +00 1.
  • chain (surveyor’s or meter +01 2.011 68 kilogram-force (kgf) newton +00 9.806
    • Gunter’s) kilopond-force newton +00 9.806
  • circular mil meter^2 −10 5.067 074 kip newton +03 4.448
  • cord meter^3 +00 3.624 556 knot (international) meter/second −01 5.144
      1. lambert candela/meter^2 +03 3.183 coulomb (international of coulomb −01 9.998 35 lambert candela/meter^2 +04 1/π
  • cubit meter −01 4.572 langley joule/meter^2 +04 4.
  • cup meter^3 −04 2.365 882 lbf (pound-force, newton +00 4.448
  • day (mean solar) second (mean solar) +04 8.64 lbm (pound-mass, kilogram −01 4.535 curie disintegration/second +10 3.70 avoirdupois)
  • degree (angle) radian −02 1.745 329 league (British nautical) meter +03 5.559 day (sidereal) second (mean solar) +04 8.616 409 avoirdupois)
  • denier (international) kilogram/meter −07 1.111 111 league (international meter +03 5.
  • dram (troy or apothecary) kilogram −03 3.887 934 league (statute) meter +03 4.828 dram (avoirdupois) kilogram −03 1.771 845 nautical)
  • dram (U.S. fluid) meter^3 −06 3.696 691 light-year meter +15 9.460
  • dyne newton −05 1.00 link (engineer’s) meter −01 3.
  • electron volt joule −19 1.602 10 link (surveyor’s or Gunter’s) meter −01 2.011
  • erg joule −07 1.00 liter meter^3 −03 1.
  • Fahrenheit (temperature) kelvin tK = (5/9)( t F + lux lumen/meter^2 +00 1. - 459.67) maxwell weber −08 1.
  • Fahrenheit (temperature) Celsius tc = (5/9)( t F − meter wavelengths Kr 86 +06 1.650 - 32) micrometer meter −06 1.
  • farad (international of 1948) farad −01 9.995 05 mil meter −05 2.
  • faraday (based on carbon coulomb +04 9.648 70 mile (U.S. statute) meter +03 1.609
      1. mile (U.K. nautical) meter +03 1.853
  • faraday (chemical) coulomb +04 9.649 57 mile (international nautical) meter +03 1.
  • faraday (physical) coulomb +04 9.652 19 mile (U.S. nautical) meter +03 1.
  • fathom meter +00 1.828 8 millibar newton/meter^2 +02 1.
  • fermi (femtometer) meter −15 1.00 millimeter of mercury (0°C) newton/meter^2 +02 1.333 - The first two digits of each numerical entry represent a power of 10. For example, the entry “−02 2.54” expresses the fact that 1 in = 2.54 × 10 − TABLE 1-5 Metric Conversion Factors as Exact Numerical Multiples of SI Units (Concluded)
  • minute (angle) radian −04 2.908 882 second (ephemeris) second +00 1.000 To convert from To Multiply by To convert from To Multiply by
  • nautical mile (U.K.) meter +03 1.853 184 second (sidereal) second (mean solar) −01 9.972 nautical mile (U.S.) meter +03 1.852 Almanac
  • oersted ampere/meter +01 7.957 747 section meter^2 +06 2.589
  • ohm (international of 1948) ohm +00 1.000 495 scruple (apothecary) kilogram −03 1.295
  • ounce-force (avoirdupois) newton −01 2.780 138 shake second −08 1.
  • ounce-mass (avoirdupois) kilogram −02 2.834 952 skein meter +02 1.097
  • ounce-mass (troy or apothecary) kilogram −02 3.110 347 slug kilogram +01 1.459
  • ounce (U.S. fluid) meter^3 −05 2.957 352 span meter −01 2.
  • pace meter −01 7.62 statampere ampere −10 3.335
  • parsec meter +16 3.083 74 statcoulomb coulomb −10 3.335
  • pascal newton/meter^2 +00 1.00 statfarad farad −12 1.112
  • peck (U.S.) meter^3 −03 8.809 767 stathenry henry +11 8.987
  • pennyweight kilogram −03 1.555 173 statmho mho −12 1.112
  • perch meter +00 5.0292 statohm ohm +11 8.987
  • phot lumen/meter^2 +04 1.00 statute mile (U.S.) meter +03 1.609
  • pica (printer’s) meter −03 4.217 517 statvolt volt +02 2.997
  • pint (U.S. dry) meter^3 −04 5.506 104 stere meter^3 +00 1.
  • pint (U.S. liquid) meter^3 −04 4.731 764 stilb candela/meter^2 +04 1.
  • point (printer’s) meter −04 3.514 598 stoke meter^2 /second −04 1.
  • poise (newton-second)/meter^2 −01 1.00 tablespoon meter^3 −05 1.478
  • pole meter +00 5.0292 teaspoon meter^3 −06 4.928
  • pound-force (lbf newton +00 4.448 221 ton (assay) kilogram −02 2.916
    • avoirdupois) ton (long) kilogram +03 1.016
  • pound-mass (lbm kilogram −01 4.535 923 ton (metric) kilogram +03 1.
    • avoirdupois) ton (nuclear equivalent of TNT) joule +09 4.
  • pound-mass (troy or kilogram −01 3.732 417 ton (register) meter^3 +00 2.831
    • apothecary) ton (short, 2000 lb) kilogram +02 9.071
  • poundal newton −01 1.382 549 tonne kilogram +03 1.
  • quart (U.S. dry) meter^3 −03 1.101 220 torr (0°C) newton/meter^2 +02 1.333
  • quart (U.S. liquid) meter^3 −04 9.463 529 township meter^2 +07 9.323
  • rad (radiation dose joule/kilogram −02 1.00 unit pole weber −07 1.256
    • absorbed) volt (international of 1948) volt +00 1.000
  • Rankine (temperature) kelvin t K = (5/9) t R watt (international of 1948) watt +00 1.000
  • rayleigh (rate of photon 1/second-meter^2 +10 1.00 yard meter −01 9.
    • emission) year (calendar) second (mean solar) +07 3.
  • rhe meter^2 /(newton- +01 1.00 year (sidereal) second (mean solar) +07 3.155 - second) year (tropical) second (mean solar) +07 3.155
  • rod meter +00 5.0292 year 1900, tropical, Jan., day second (ephemeris) +07 3.155
  • roentgen coulomb/kilogram −04 2.579 76 0, hour
  • rutherford disintegration/second +06 1.00 year 1900, tropical, Jan., day second +07 3.155
  • second (angle) radian −06 4.848 136 0, hour - °Bé = 145 − (heavier than H 2 O); °Bé = − 130 (lighter than H 2 O); °Tw = °API = − 131.
  • 0.600 103.33 104.33 4.9929 37.350 0.700 70.00 70.64 5.8268 43.587 0.800 45.00 45.38 6.6606 49.825 0.900 25.56 25.72 7.4944 56. 60 ° °Bé °API air air 60 ° °Bé °API air air 60 ° °Bé °API air air 60 ° °Bé °API air air
    • .605 101.40 102.38 5.0346 37.662 .705 68.58 69.21 5.8685 43.899 .805 43.91 44.28 6.7023 50.137 .905 24.70 24.85 7.5361 56.
    • .610 99.51 100.47 5.0763 37.973 .710 67.18 67.80 5.9101 44.211 .810 42.84 43.19 6.7440 50.448 .910 23.85 23.99 7.5777 56.
    • .615 97.64 98.58 5.1180 38.285 .715 65.80 66.40 5.9518 44.523 .815 41.78 42.12 6.7857 50.760 .915 23.01 23.14 7.6194 56.
    • .620 95.81 96.73 5.1597 38.597 .720 64.44 65.03 5.9935 44.834 .820 40.73 41.06 6.8274 51.072 .920 22.17 22.30 7.6612 57.
    • .625 94.00 94.90 5.2014 39.910 .725 63.10 63.67 6.0352 45.146 .825 39.70 40.02 6.8691 51.384 .925 21.35 21.47 7.7029 57.
    • .630 92.22 93.10 5.2431 39.222 .730 61.78 62.34 6.0769 45.458 .830 38.67 38.98 6.9108 51.696 .930 20.54 20.65 7.7446 57.
    • .635 90.47 91.33 5.2848 39.534 .735 60.48 61.02 6.1186 45.770 .835 37.66 37.96 6.9525 52.008 .935 19.73 19.84 7.7863 58.
    • .640 88.75 89.59 5.3265 39.845 .740 59.19 59.72 6.1603 46.082 .840 36.67 36.95 6.9941 52.320 .940 18.94 19.03 7.8280 58.
    • .645 87.05 87.88 5.3682 40.157 .745 57.92 58.43 6.2020 46.394 .845 35.68 35.96 7.0358 52.632 .945 18.15 18.24 7.8697 58.
    • .650 85.38 86.19 5.4098 40.468 .750 56.67 57.17 6.2437 46.706 .850 34.71 34.97 7.0775 52.943 .950 17.37 17.45 7.9114 59.
    • .655 83.74 84.53 5.4515 40.780 .755 55.43 55.92 6.2854 47.018 .855 33.74 34.00 7.1192 53.255 .955 16.60 16.67 7.9531 59.
    • .660 82.12 82.89 5.4932 41.092 .760 54.21 54.68 6.3271 47.330 .860 32.79 33.03 7.1609 53.567 .960 15.83 15.90 7.9947 59.
    • .665 80.53 81.28 5.5349 41.404 .765 53.01 53.47 6.3688 47.642 .865 31.85 32.08 7.2026 53.879 .965 15.08 15.13 8.0364 60.
    • .670 78.96 79.69 5.5766 41.716 .770 51.82 52.27 6.4104 47.953 .870 30.92 31.14 7.2443 54.191 .970 14.33 14.38 8.0780 60.
    • .675 77.41 78.13 5.6183 42.028 .775 50.65 51.08 6.4521 47.265 .875 30.00 30.21 7.2860 54.503 .975 13.59 13.63 8.1197 60.
    • .680 75.88 76.59 5.6600 42.340 .780 49.49 49.91 6.4938 48.577 .880 29.09 29.30 7.3277 54.815 .980 12.86 12.89 8.1615 61.
    • .685 74.38 75.07 5.7017 42.652 .785 48.34 48.75 6.5355 48.889 .885 28.19 28.39 7.3694 55.127 .985 12.13 12.15 8.2032 61.
    • .690 72.90 73.57 5.7434 42.963 .790 47.22 47.61 6.5772 49.201 .890 27.30 27.49 7.4111 55.438 .990 11.41 11.43 8.2449 61.
    • .695 71.44 72.10 5.7851 43.275 .795 46.10 46.49 6.6189 49.513 .895 26.42 26.60 7.4528 55.750 .995 10.70 10.71 8.2866 61. - 1.000 10.00 10.00 8.3283 62.
  • 1.005 0.72 1 8.3700 62.612 1.255 29.46 51 10.4546 78.206 1.505 48.65 101 12.5392 93.800 1.755 62.38 151 14.6238 109. 60 ° °Bé °Tw air air 60 ° °Bé °Tw air air 60 ° °Bé °Tw air air 60 ° °Bé °Tw air air
  • 1.010 1.44 2 8.4117 62.924 1.260 29.92 52 10.4963 78.518 1.510 48.97 102 12.5809 94.112 1.760 62.61 152 14.6655 109.
  • 1.015 2.14 3 8.4534 63.236 1.265 30.38 53 10.5380 78.830 1.515 49.29 103 12.6226 94.424 1.765 62.85 153 14.7072 110.
  • 1.020 2.84 4 8.4950 63.547 1.270 30.83 54 10.5797 79.141 1.520 49.61 104 12.6643 94.735 1.770 63.08 154 14.7489 110.
  • 1.025 3.54 5 8.5367 63.859 1.275 31.27 55 10.6214 79.453 1.525 49.92 105 12.7060 95.047 1.775 63.31 155 14.7906 110.
  • 1.030 4.22 6 8.5784 64.171 1.280 31.72 56 10.6630 79.765 1.530 50.23 106 12.7477 95.359 1.780 63.54 156 14.8323 110.
  • 1.035 4.90 7 8.6201 64.483 1.285 32.16 57 10.7047 80.077 1.535 50.54 107 12.7894 95.671 1.785 63.77 157 14.8740 111.
  • 1.040 5.58 8 8.6618 64.795 1.290 32.60 58 10.7464 80.389 1.540 50.84 108 12.8310 95.983 1.790 63.99 158 14.9157 111.
  • 1.045 6.24 9 8.7035 65.107 1.295 33.03 59 10.7881 80.701 1.545 51.15 109 12.8727 96.295 1.795 64.22 159 14.9574 111.
  • 1.050 6.91 10 8.7452 65.419 1.300 33.46 60 10.8298 81.013 1.550 51.45 110 12.9144 96.606 1.800 64.44 160 14.9990 112.
  • 1.055 7.56 11 8.7869 65.731 1.305 33.89 61 10.8715 81.325 1.555 51.75 111 12.9561 96.918 1.805 64.67 161 15.0407 112.
  • 1.060 8.21 12 8.8286 66.042 1.310 34.31 62 10.9132 81.636 1.560 52.05 112 12.9978 97.230 1.810 64.89 162 15.0824 112.
  • 1.065 8.85 13 8.8703 66.354 1.315 34.73 63 10.9549 81.948 1.565 52.35 113 13.0395 97.542 1.815 65.11 163 15.1241 113.
  • 1.070 9.49 14 8.9120 66.666 1.320 35.15 64 10.9966 82.260 1.570 52.64 114 13.0812 97.854 1.820 65.33 164 15.1658 113.
  • 1.075 10.12 15 8.9537 66.978 1.325 35.57 65 11.0383 82.572 1.575 52.94 115 13.1229 98.166 1.825 65.55 165 15.2075 113.
  • 1.080 10.74 16 8.9954 67.290 1.330 35.98 66 11.0800 82.884 1.580 53.23 116 13.1646 98.478 1.830 65.77 166 15.2492 114.
  • 1.085 11.36 17 9.0371 67.602 1.335 36.39 67 11.1217 83.196 1.585 53.52 117 13.2063 98.790 1.835 65.98 167 15.2909 114.
  • 1.090 11.97 18 9.0787 67.914 1.340 36.79 68 11.1634 83.508 1.590 53.81 118 13.2480 99.102 1.840 66.20 168 15.3326 114.
  • 1.095 12.58 19 9.1204 68.226 1.345 37.19 69 11.2051 83.820 1.595 54.09 119 13.2897 99.414 1.845 66.41 169 15.3743 115.
  • 1.100 13.18 20 9.1621 68.537 1.350 37.59 70 11.2467 84.131 1.600 54.38 120 13.3313 99.725 1.850 66.62 170 15.4160 115.
  • 1.105 13.78 21 9.2038 68.849 1.355 37.99 71 11.2884 84.443 1.605 54.66 121 13.3730 100.037 1.855 66.83 171 15.4577 115.
  • 1.110 14.37 22 9.2455 69.161 1.360 38.38 72 11.3301 84.755 1.610 54.94 122 13.4147 100.349 1.860 67.04 172 15.4993 115.
  • 1.115 14.96 23 9.2872 69.473 1.365 38.77 73 11.3718 85.067 1.615 55.22 123 13.4564 100.661 1.865 67.25 173 15.5410 116.
  • 1.120 15.54 24 9.3289 69.785 1.370 39.16 74 11.4135 85.379 1.620 55.49 124 13.4981 100.973 1.870 67.46 174 15.5827 116.
  • 1.125 16.11 25 9.3706 70.097 1.375 39.55 75 11.4552 85.691 1.625 55.77 125 13.5398 101.285 1.875 67.67 175 15.6244 116.
  • 1.130 16.68 26 9.4123 70.409 1.380 39.93 76 11.4969 86.003 1.630 56.04 126 13.5815 101.597 1.880 67.87 176 15.6661 117.
  • 1.135 17.25 27 9.4540 70.721 1.385 40.31 77 11.5386 86.315 1.635 56.32 127 13.6232 101.909 1.885 68.08 177 15.7078 117.
  • 1.140 17.81 28 9.4957 71.032 1.390 40.68 78 11.5803 86.626 1.640 56.59 128 13.6649 102.220 1.890 68.28 178 15.7495 117.
  • 1.145 18.36 29 9.5374 71.344 1.395 41.06 79 11.6220 86.938 1.645 56.85 129 13.7066 102.532 1.895 68.48 179 15.7912 118.
  • 1.150 18.91 30 9.5790 71.656 1.400 41.43 80 11.6637 87.250 1.650 57.12 130 13.7483 102.844 1.900 68.68 180 15.8329 118.
  • 1.155 19.46 31 9.6207 71.968 1.405 41.80 81 11.7054 87.562 1.655 57.39 131 13.7900 103.156 1.905 68.88 181 15.8746 118.
  • 1.160 20.00 32 9.6624 72.280 1.410 42.16 82 11.7471 87.874 1.660 57.65 132 13.8317 103.468 1.910 69.08 182 15.9163 119.
  • 1.165 20.54 33 9.7041 72.592 1.415 42.53 83 11.7888 88.186 1.665 57.91 133 13.8734 103.780 1.915 69.28 183 15.9580 119.
  • 1.170 21.07 34 9.7458 72.904 1.420 42.89 84 11.8304 88.498 1.670 58.17 134 13.9150 104.092 1.920 69.48 184 15.9996 119.
  • 1.175 21.60 35 9.7875 73.216 1.425 43.25 85 11.8721 88.810 1.675 58.43 135 13.9567 104.404 1.925 69.68 185 16.0413 119.
  • 1.180 22.12 36 9.8292 73.528 1.430 43.60 86 11.9138 89.121 1.680 58.69 136 13.9984 104.715 1.930 69.87 186 16.0830 120.
  • 1.185 22.64 37 9.8709 73.840 1.435 43.95 87 11.9555 89.433 1.685 58.95 137 14.0401 105.027 1.935 70.06 187 16.1247 120.
  • 1.190 23.15 38 9.9126 74.151 1.440 44.31 88 11.9972 89.745 1.690 59.20 138 14.0818 105.339 1.940 70.26 188 16.1664 120.
  • 1.195 23.66 39 9.9543 74.463 1.445 44.65 89 12.0389 90.057 1.695 59.45 139 14.1235 105.651 1.945 70.45 189 16.2081 121.
  • 1.200 24.17 40 9.9960 74.775 1.450 45.00 90 12.0806 90.369 1.700 59.71 140 14.1652 105.963 1.950 70.64 190 16.2498 121.
  • 1.205 24.67 41 10.0377 75.087 1.455 45.34 91 12.1223 90.681 1.705 59.96 141 14.2069 106.275 1.955 70.83 191 16.2915 121.
  • 1.210 25.17 42 10.0793 75.399 1.460 45.68 92 12.1640 90.993 1.710 60.20 142 14.2486 106.587 1.960 71.02 192 16.3332 122.
  • 1.215 25.66 43 10.1210 75.711 1.465 46.02 93 12.2057 91.305 1.715 60.45 143 14.2903 106.899 1.965 71.21 193 16.3749 122.
  • 1.220 26.15 44 10.1627 76.022 1.470 46.36 94 12.2473 91.616 1.720 60.70 144 14.3320 107.210 1.970 71.40 194 16.4166 122.
  • 1.225 26.63 45 10.2044 76.334 1.475 46.69 95 12.2890 91.928 1.725 60.94 145 14.3737 107.522 1.975 71.58 195 16.4583 123.
  • 1.230 27.11 46 10.2461 76.646 1.480 47.03 96 12.3307 92.240 1.730 61.18 146 14.4153 107.834 1.980 71.77 196 16.5000 123.
  • 1.235 27.59 47 10.2878 76.958 1.485 47.36 97 12.3724 92.552 1.735 61.34 147 14.4570 108.146 1.985 71.95 197 16.5417 123.
  • 1.240 28.06 48 10.3295 77.270 1.490 47.68 98 12.4141 92.864 1.740 61.67 148 14.4987 108.458 1.990 72.14 198 16.5833 124.
  • 1.245 28.53 49 10.3712 77.582 1.495 48.01 99 12.4558 93.176 1.745 61.91 149 14.5404 108.770 1.995 72.32 199 16.6250 124.
  • 1.250 29.00 50 10.4129 77.894 1.500 48.33 100 12.4975 93.488 1.750 62.14 150 14.5821 109.082 2.000 72.50 200 16.6667 124. - 141. Section, National Bureau of Standards. - sp gr 60°/60°F − sp gr - 0.