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Formas de comunicación en el inglés básico, Resúmenes de Idioma Inglés

son las formas para tener buena comunicacion en el inglés

Tipo: Resúmenes

2021/2022

Subido el 21/03/2024

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When we talk about English, we often think of it as a single language but what do the
dialects spoken in dozens of countries around the world have in common with each other, or
with the writings of Chaucer? And how are any of them related to the strange words in
Beowulf? The answer is that like most languages, English has evolved through generations
of speakers, undergoing major changes over time. By undoing these changes, we can trace
the language from the present day back to its ancient roots. While modern english shares
many similar words with Latin-derived romance languages like French and Spanish most of
those words were not originally part of it. Instead, they started coming into the language with
the Norman invasion of England in 1066. When the French-speaking Normans conquered
England and became its ruling class they brought their speech with them adding a massive
amount of French and Latin vocabulary to the English language previously spoken there.
Today, we call that language Old English. This is thelanguage of Beowulf. It probably doesn’t
look very familiar, but it might be more recognizable if you know some German. That’s
because Old English belongs to the Germanic language family, first brought to the British
Isles in the 5th and 6th centuries by the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. The Germanic dialects
they spoke would become known as Anglo-Saxon. Viking invaders in the 8th to 11th
centuries added more borrowings from Old Norse into the mix. It may hard to see roots of
modern English underneath all the words borrowed from French, Latin, Old Norse and other
languages. But comparative linguistics can help us by focusing on grammatical structure,
patterns of sound changes, and certain core vocabulary. For example, after the 6th century,
German words starting with "p," systematically shifted to a "pf" sound while their Old English
counterparts kept the "p" unchanged. In another split, words that have "sk" sounds in
Swedish developed an "sh" sound in English. There are still some English words with "sk,"
like "skirt," and "skull,"but they're direct borrowings from Old Norse that came after the "sk"
to "sh" shift. These examples show us that just as the various Romance languages
descended from Latin, English, Swedish, German, and many other languages descended
from their own common ancestor known as Proto-Germanic spoken around 500 B.C.E.
Because this historical language was never written down, we can only reconstruct it by
comparing its descendants, which is possible thanks to the consistency of the changes. We
can even use the same process to go back one step further, and trace the origins of
Proto-Germanic to a language called Proto-Indo-European, spoken about 6000 years ago on
the Pontic steppe in modern day Ukraine and Russia. This is the reconstructed ancestor of
the Indo-European family that includes nearly all languages historically spoken in Europe, as
well as large parts of Southern and Western Asia. And though it requires a bit more work, we
can find the same systematic similarities, or correspondences, between related words in
different Indo-European branches. Comparing English with the latín, we see that English has
Present day back to its ancient roots.
While modern English shares many similar words with Latin-derived romance languages,
like French and Spanish, most of those words were not originally part of it. Instead, they
started coming into the language with the Norman invasion of England in 1066. When the
French-speaking Normans conquered England and became its ruling class, they brought
their speech with them, adding a massive amount of French and Latin vocabulary to the
English language previously spoken there. Today, we call that language Old English. This is
the language of Beowulf. It probably doesn’t look very familiar, but it might be more
recognizable if you know some German. That’s because Old English belongs to the
Germanic language family, first brought to the British Isles in the 5th and 6th centuries by the
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.
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When we talk about English, we often think of it as a single language but what do the dialects spoken in dozens of countries around the world have in common with each other, or with the writings of Chaucer? And how are any of them related to the strange words in Beowulf? The answer is that like most languages, English has evolved through generations of speakers, undergoing major changes over time. By undoing these changes, we can trace the language from the present day back to its ancient roots. While modern english shares many similar words with Latin-derived romance languages like French and Spanish most of those words were not originally part of it. Instead, they started coming into the language with the Norman invasion of England in 1066. When the French-speaking Normans conquered England and became its ruling class they brought their speech with them adding a massive amount of French and Latin vocabulary to the English language previously spoken there. Today, we call that language Old English. This is thelanguage of Beowulf. It probably doesn’t look very familiar, but it might be more recognizable if you know some German. That’s because Old English belongs to the Germanic language family, first brought to the British Isles in the 5th and 6th centuries by the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. The Germanic dialects they spoke would become known as Anglo-Saxon. Viking invaders in the 8th to 11th centuries added more borrowings from Old Norse into the mix. It may hard to see roots of modern English underneath all the words borrowed from French, Latin, Old Norse and other languages. But comparative linguistics can help us by focusing on grammatical structure, patterns of sound changes, and certain core vocabulary. For example, after the 6th century, German words starting with "p," systematically shifted to a "pf" sound while their Old English counterparts kept the "p" unchanged. In another split, words that have "sk" sounds in Swedish developed an "sh" sound in English. There are still some English words with "sk," like "skirt," and "skull,"but they're direct borrowings from Old Norse that came after the "sk" to "sh" shift. These examples show us that just as the various Romance languages descended from Latin, English, Swedish, German, and many other languages descended from their own common ancestor known as Proto-Germanic spoken around 500 B.C.E. Because this historical language was never written down, we can only reconstruct it by comparing its descendants, which is possible thanks to the consistency of the changes. We can even use the same process to go back one step further, and trace the origins of Proto-Germanic to a language called Proto-Indo-European, spoken about 6000 years ago on the Pontic steppe in modern day Ukraine and Russia. This is the reconstructed ancestor of the Indo-European family that includes nearly all languages historically spoken in Europe, as well as large parts of Southern and Western Asia. And though it requires a bit more work, we can find the same systematic similarities, or correspondences, between related words in different Indo-European branches. Comparing English with the latín, we see that English has Present day back to its ancient roots. While modern English shares many similar words with Latin-derived romance languages, like French and Spanish, most of those words were not originally part of it. Instead, they started coming into the language with the Norman invasion of England in 1066. When the French-speaking Normans conquered England and became its ruling class, they brought their speech with them, adding a massive amount of French and Latin vocabulary to the English language previously spoken there. Today, we call that language Old English. This is the language of Beowulf. It probably doesn’t look very familiar, but it might be more recognizable if you know some German. That’s because Old English belongs to the Germanic language family, first brought to the British Isles in the 5th and 6th centuries by the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.

The Germanic dialects they spoke would become known as Anglo-Saxon. Viking invaders in the 8th to 11th centuries added more borrowings from Old Norse into the mix. It may be hard to see the roots of modern English underneath all the words borrowed from French, Latin, Old Norse and other languages. But comparative linguistics can help us by focusing on grammatical structure, patterns of sound changes, and certain core vocabulary. For example, after the 6th century, German words starting with "p," systematically shifted to a "pf" sound while their Old English counterparts kept the "p" unchanged. In another split, words that have "sk" sounds in Swedish developed an "sh" sound in English. There are still some English words with "sk," like "skirt," and "skull,"but they're direct borrowings from Old Norse that came after the "sk" to "sh" shift. These examples show us that just as the various Romance languages descended from Latin, English, Swedish, German, and many other languages descended from their own common ancestor known as Proto-Germanic spoken around 500 B.C.E. Because this historical language was never written down, we can only reconstruct it by comparing its descendants, which is possible thanks to the consistency of the changes. We can even use the same process to go back one step further, and trace the origins of Proto-Germanic to a language called Proto-Indo-European, spoken about 6000 years ago on the Pontic steppe in modern day Ukraine and Russia. On the Pontic steppe in modern day Ukraine and Russia. This is the reconstructed ancestor of the Indo-European family that includes nearly all languages historically spoken in Europe, as well as large parts of Southern and Western Asia. And though it requires a bit more work, we can find the same systematic similarities, or correspondences, between related words in different Indo-European branches. Comparing English with the latín, we see that English has “t” where latin has “d”, and “f” where latin has “p”at the start of words. Some of English’s more distant relatives include Hindi, Persian and the celtic languages it displaced it what is now Britain. Proto-Indo-European itself descended from an even more ancient languages, but unfortunately, this is as far back as Historical and archeological evidence will allow us to go. Many misteries remain just out of reach, such as whether there might be a link between Indo-european and other major languages families, and the nature of the languages spoken in Europe prior to its arrival. Bit the amazing fact remains that hearly 3 billion people around the world, many of whom can not understand each other, are nevertheless speaking the same words shaped by 6000 years of history.