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yokdil_2_pastExam 2020- from the osym website
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Bu testlerin her hakkı saklıdır. Hangi amaçla olursa olsun, testlerin tamamının veya bir kısmının Merkezimizin yazılı izni olmadan kopya edilmesi, fotoğrafının çekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla çoğaltılması, yayımlanması ya da kullanılması yasaktır. Bu yasağa uymayanlar gerekli cezai sorumluluğu ve testlerin hazırlanmasındaki mali külfeti peşinen kabullenmiş sayılır.
In the past 100 years, astrophysicists ---- that space-time ---- at an accelerating rate and that the universe is about 14 billion years old. deduced / has expanded
have deduced / is expanding
had deduced / will expand
are going to deduce / expands
deduce / had expanded
Evidence that drinkable water once flowed on Mars, as ---- by NASA’s Opportunity rover, suggests that the planet ---- life in the past. to be found / had harboured
being found / will be harbouring
found / could have harboured
finding / might have harboured
to have been found / would harbour
An organism’s metabolism is a set of chemical processes by which it obtains energy ---- the nutrients it consumes and then uses this energy ---- basic life functions. at / through upon / about
from / for into / with
to / over
Although most of the known amino acids were identified ---- the nineteenth century, the chemical structures of many were not known ---- much later. before / by at / for
in / since over / about
during / until
Canines, members of the dog family, originated ---- North America during the Eocene era, ---- there they spread throughout the world. in / from through / during
on / to by / over
for / around
---- there are various ways to define desert climate, a classification system widely used by modern scientists defines it as that averaging at least twice as much potential evaporation as rainfall during the year.
In case Although
Once Unless
Given that
---- the major technical problems associated with reducing emissions from gasoline-fueled cars are solved, such reductions alone might not be sufficient to solve the air pollution problems. Now that Once
Even if As soon as
Until
Global warming is likely to make many parts of the world uninhabitable, ---- there are ways to limit the impact before it is too late. for thus
as but
once
---- jaguars are secretive and rare, biologists have not been able to determine the exact number remaining in the wild. Unless While
In case Because
As if
Unlike other waves, tsunami is caused neither by wind nor by tidal movement; ----, it is the result of major disturbances on the ocean floor. even so consequently
otherwise rather
similarly
---- failures such as those in the Bay Bridge and the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, engineers have developed methods for making bridges more aerodynamically sound. As a result of On behalf of
For the sake of In terms of
Regardless of
Titan – Saturn’s largest satellite – is the only place in the solar system ---- Earth that has stable liquid on its surface. instead of owing to
by means of with regard to
other than
How do you sleep in zero gravity? The crew on the International Space Station (ISS) sleep in sleeping bags (21)---- to the wall with special equipments. On average, crew members get six hours of sleep a night; (22)----, since there is zero gravity, they feel drowsy and tired all the time. Many suffer (23)---- sleep disorders. These are made worse by the fact that the ISS experiences 16 sunrises and sunsets every 24 hours. This frequent switching between day and night (24)---- the production of the hormone melatonin, which regulates our sleep cycle. Another cause of sleep deprivation (25)---- this are solar lightning strikes, which the astronauts can still see with their eyes closed.
having attached
attaching
attached
to attach
to be attaching
however similarly
thus for instance
in short
21.-25. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
with by
for from
over
resumes expands
tolerates promotes
disturbs
instead of along with
according to because of
thanks to
Polar bears are instantly recognisable for their vividly white coats. But believe it or not, they are not actually white - their fur (26)---- no pigment at all. Each hair is transparent and hollow, and only appears white because it reflects and scatters visible light. (27)---- this, polar bears seem to us masters of disguise, but not every animal sees them this way. While their fur reflects visible light, it absorbs ultraviolet light, (28)---- the polar bears appear black to animals able to see UV light. (29)---- polar bears are in captivity in mild environments, the colour of their fur may turn yellow or green, which may be because algae grow in warmer environments. (30)---- the not-so-white fur, polar bears have black skin. As black reflects the least amount of light, and therefore heat, it is probable this helps the bears stay warm on the snow.
obtains gathers
demands acquires
contains
With the aim of Prior to
As a result of Instead of
On behalf of
26.-30. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
making to make
to be made to be making
to have been made
Until When
As if Although
Even if
On At
Into Under
With
Pure aluminium is relatively soft and not the strongest of metals, ----. but when melted together with some specific elements, it forms alloys with a wide range of useful properties
because it has been quite expensive to produce aluminium metal in any quantity until recent years
provided that four million tons of aluminium are produced every year in the United States
as long as the metal itself is known to conduct electricity about 60% as well as copper
given that some people claim that it is toxic and that aluminium cookware is therefore dangerous
In the late 1980s, the production of commercial aerosols fell slightly ----. because some groups became concerned about their environmental effects
since there have been a number of advances in aerosol technology
unless in many cases this substitution resulted in relatively inferior products
in case aerosol technology helps combustion systems vastly improve
even if these limitations had forced the aerosol industry to seek alternative solvents
----, the protein content of it may not be as high as that of duckweed or insects. Although it makes financial sense to grow raw materials around near-shore wind farms
Since a lot of seaweed farmers are thinking about installing their farms near windmills
Even if some researchers believe seaweed carries the greatest feed-the-world potential
As most of us already eat mostly protein-based meals about twice as much as we require
Because there is enough land to farm seaweed or duckweed for our expanding population
Pests are one of the biggest problems for agricultural lands, ----. even if we know caterpillars eat many vital food crops like rice
so that they can destroy a farmer’s entire crop in a single night
but natural predators can stop them from causing a total disaster
unless they ruin crops that are worth billions of dollars annually
although identifying crops that are more resistant to pests is essential
The wood of pines is used as timber for construction and furniture; ----. similarly, wind or animals generally spread their seeds into the environment
moreover, it is used for the manufacture of many products including paper
on the other hand, the leaves of all pines are needle-like
in other words, one of the most important pines of the 1800s was the eastern white pine
however, in modern times, several other species of pine are economically important
Despite minerals’ variety and complexity, ----. humans have made use of minerals in various ways for a long time
they must be of nonbiological, or inorganic, origin, which excludes coal and peat
there are several physical characteristics they all share
their hardness is defined as their ability to scratch another mineral
everything that humankind consumes, uses, or produces has its origin in minerals
----, many humans find rats frightening and revolting. Because the ancestor of New York's rats lived in northern China
Despite the fact that rodents are seen as carriers of contagious and fatal diseases
Until cities radically change how they deal with their household waste
Even though rats and people have occupied shared living spaces for long
Just as the populations of native rats have been reduced intentionally in New Zealand
A study shows that destruction of tropical rain forests, in particular, has brought humans face-to-face with microbes that are naturally seen in wild animals. Bir araştırma, özellikle yağmur ormanlarının yok edilmesinin insanları normalde yabani hayvanlarda görülen mikroplarla karşı karşıya bırakmış olduğunu göstermektedir.
Normalde yabani hayvanlarda görülen mikropların insanlarda da görülmesi, bir araştırmaya göre özellikle yağmur ormanlarının yok edilmesi sonucunda gerçekleşmiştir.
Bir araştırmaya göre, yağmur ormanlarının yok edilmesi sonucunda insanlar, normalde özellikle yabani hayvanlarda görülen mikroplarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır.
Özellikle yağmur ormanlarının yok edilmesiyle insanların normalde yabani hayvanlarda görülen mikroplarla karşı karşıya kaldığı, bir araştırma sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır.
Bir araştırma, normalde yabani hayvanlarda görülen mikropların insanlarda da ortaya çıkmasının özellikle yağmur ormanlarının yok edilmesine bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir.
When people try to stop using caffeine, they may feel headache and fatigue, but these symptoms can be controlled by gradually reducing the amount of caffeine consumed. Kafeini bırakmaya çalışan insanlar baş ağrısı ve yorgunluk gibi belirtiler gösterebilir ama bu belirtiler tüketilen kafein miktarı kademeli olarak azaltılarak kontrol edilebilir.
İnsanlar kafein kullanmayı bırakmaya çalıştıklarında baş ağrısı ve yorgunluk hissedebilirler, ama bu belirtiler tüketilen kafein miktarı kademeli olarak azaltılarak kontrol edilebilir.
İnsanların kafein kullanmayı bırakmaya çalıştıklarında yaşadıkları baş ağrısı ve yorgunluk hissi gibi belirtiler tüketilen kafein miktarı kademeli olarak azaltılarak kontrol altına alınabilir.
İnsanlar tüketilen kafein miktarını kademeli olarak azaltarak baş ağrısı ve yorgunluk gibi belirtileri kontrol altına alabilir ve böylece kafein kullanmayı bırakabilir.
Tüketilen kafein miktarını kademeli olarak azaltarak bırakmaya çalışan insanlar yine de bu dönemde yoğun baş ağrısı ve yorgunluk gibi belirtileri hissedebilir.
Most parts of meteors evaporate when they hit the Earth, as their kinetic energy is converted into heat and high temperatures turn even rock into gas. Dünya’ya çarptıklarında kinetik enerjileri ısıya dönüşen meteorların birçok parçası, kayayı bile gaz hâline getiren yüksek sıcaklıklardan dolayı buharlaşır.
Meteorların birçok parçası Dünya’ya çarptığında buharlaşır çünkü kinetik enerjileri ısıya dönüşür ve yüksek sıcaklıklar kayayı bile gaz hâline getirir.
Meteorların birçok parçasının Dünya’ya çarptığında buharlaşması, kinetik enerjilerinin ısıya dönüşüp yüksek sıcaklıklarda kayayı bile gaz hâline getirmesi sebebiyledir.
Meteorların kinetik enerjilerinin ısıya dönüşmesi sonucunda oluşan yüksek sıcaklıklar kayayı bile gaz hâline getirdiği için birçok meteor parçası Dünya’ya çarptıktan sonra buharlaşır.
Dünya’ya çarpan meteorların birçok parçası buharlaşır, çünkü kinetik enerjilerinin ısıya dönüşmesiyle oluşan yüksek sıcaklıklar kayayı bile gaz hâline getirir.
Nükleer endüstrinin günümüzde karşılaştığı en büyük teknolojik sorun yüksek miktardaki atıkların uzun süreli ve güvenli olarak elden çıkarılmasıdır. Currently, the biggest technological problem of the nuclear industry is how to get rid of high-level waste safely for a long term.
The biggest technological problem which the nuclear industry is currently facing is related to how to dispose high-level waste safely in the long term.
Long-term and safe disposal of high-level nuclear waste is the biggest technological problem the nuclear industry has encountered.
The biggest technological problem the nuclear industry is presently facing is the long-term and safe disposal of high-level waste.
The nuclear industry currently is facing their biggest problem which is the long term and safe disposal of high-level waste.
Modern kozmoloji, Hubble Uzay Teleskopu gibi teçhizatları kullanarak evrenin düzenini tanımlama girişimidir. Modern cosmology is an attempt to describe the order of the universe by using such instruments as the Hubble Space Telescope.
Modern cosmology that uses instruments like the Hubble Space Telescope attempts to identify the order of the universe.
With an attempt to describe the order of the universe, modern cosmology makes use of instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope.
Using instruments like the Hubble Space Telescope, modern cosmology attempts to describe the order in the universe.
Modern cosmology is an area in which an attempt is made to describe the order of the universe by using instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope.
48.-53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
Geniş alanı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda Afrika diğer kıtalardan daha az büyük sıra dağlara sahiptir. There are fewer extensive mountain ranges in Africa than there are on the other continents although it is a continent with a vast size.
While it has a vast size, Africa has fewer extensive mountain ranges than do the other continents.
Considering its vast size, Africa has fewer extensive mountain ranges than any other continent.
In Africa, there are not as many extensive mountain ranges as there are on any other continents despite its vast size.
Compared to the other continents, there are fewer extensive mountain ranges in Africa in spite of its vast size.
---- The latter are quite costly and typically consist of 90% fuel, 5% hull, and only 5% payload in the shape of astronauts, satellites, and other things. The elevators, on the other hand, will be powered by solar energy and have room for much more than goods. According to a group of scientists, an elevator capsule can ferry 30 passengers to a space station some 35,000 km above Earth in 7.5 days. A trip to space could cost as much as a business-class plane-ticket very soon. If space elevators become a reality one day, they will be a much cheaper means of transport into space than rockets.
The idea of a space elevator has existed since the late 1800s, but for almost 100 years, it seemed unrealistic.
Scientists are still not sure which method is the best for building an advanced space elevator.
A recent satellite experiment has eventually become the predecessor of a full scale space elevator.
In theory, hundreds of kilograms are required to keep a space elevator structure stable in the orbit.
54.-59. sorularda, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
Researchers looked at how the genetic diversity of African lions has changed over time. They discovered that the diversity of the population in the Kavango-Zambezi conservation area which spans parts of Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, has fallen by up to 17 percent since
This drop is significant because it occurred in an area that is home to one of the continent’s most important lion populations.
Stopping the decline in the lion’s genetic diversity will require political support.
In Botswana, there is political will to protect lions because tourism is seen so significant for the country.
Researchers have been studying the genetic diversity of the world's lion population since the end of the 19th century.
The Sun is a typical star, little different from billions of others in our galaxy, the Milky Way. It dominates everything around it, accounting for 99.8 percent of the solar system’s mass. Compared with any of its planets, the Sun is immense. ---- Yet the Sun is by no means the biggest star; VY Canis Majoris, known as a hypergiant, could hold almost 3 billion Suns. Now approximately halfway through its life, in about 5 billion years it will turn into a red giant, swelling and surging out toward the planets.
Energy traveling from the Sun is responsible for sustaining the entire life on Earth.
Earth would fit inside the Sun over one million times; even the biggest planet, Jupiter, is a thousandth of the Sun’s volume.
It may seem like an unchanging yellow ball in the sky, but the Sun is incredibly dynamic.
The pressure inside the Sun is more than 100 billion times greater than atmospheric pressure on Earth’s surface.
Earthquakes and volcanoes have affected humans’ history, culture, and civilisation. Earthquakes have been reported to result in great human casualties as well as economic destruction. ---- Earthquakes and volcanoes have terrified people both young and old with their destructive power. Humans have been adversely affected by numerous disasters including floods and tsunamis.
With regard to the hazard that they present, volcanoes can be classified as active, dormant, or extinct.
One would think that with all the human advances in technology, earthquakes and volcanoes would become less damaging.
Volcanoes have even been credited with altering the Earth’s climate, thereby causing some of the major famines and even plagues in history.
Volcanic rocks produced from partially melted continental crust usually appear red, brown, or grey in colour.
(I) Scientists try to find new ways to harness natural processes in the fight against environmental disaster. (II) A team of researchers, for instance, announced that fungi could be key to winning the battle against plastic waste. (III) After several research studies, a fungus called Aspergillus tubingensis, which produces an enzyme that can break down even super-resilient plastics, fully digesting it within weeks was found. (IV) The genes that produce it could be put in marine fungi to help clear plastic in the oceans. (V) Meanwhile, deep in Oman’s al-Hajar mountain range, geologists have found a potential way to remove carbon dioxide from air and water.
I II III IV V
(I) The mammals of the world are increasingly active during the night instead of during the day, according to a major study. (II) American scientists monitored the circadian rhythms of 141 animal groups of 62 different species from all continents except Antarctica. (III) The nocturnal activity also brings animals in contact with new predators that they must learn how to handle. (IV) It was found that the animals' nocturnal activity on average increased by 36% in places where they would often come into contact with humans during the day. (V) Individual species are nocturnal for different reasons such as to get access to food or avoid hunters, but generally, it is to limit the contact with humans to a minimum. I II III IV V
60.-65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
(I) With pictures of wildfires captured by satellite cameras in hand, researchers at the University of Waterloo in Canada, are using an artificial intelligence strategy called reinforcement learning to create models that predict how the fires spread. (II) Researchers are already considering applying the same technique to predict flooding and drought. (III) In a repetitive process using images from previous fires, the model receives images showing a fire’s location every 16 days. (IV) The model then predicts the next 16 days’ spread and receives feedback about the accuracy of its prediction, improving the model’s understanding of how fires move. (V) As it progresses, the model learns 'rules' that wildfires follow – for example, that fire stops when it meets a lake. I II III IV V
(I) The world's first land plants were just ankle-high, and they reproduced by releasing tiny spores. (II) Over millions of years, animals and plants became close partners. (III) As time went by, plants became taller, tougher and more varied, and the new plants included giant horsetails and tree ferns, which grew in vast forests on swampy ground. (IV) The breakthrough came later, when some plants developed seeds. (V) Seeds turned out to be one of nature's greatest inventions, allowing plants to spread to some of the driest and coldest places on Earth. I II III IV V
(I) Fungi release digestive enzymes that break down food on the immediate contact. (II) Different species of fungi have several different ways of sending spores on their journey. (III) Mushrooms, for example, shed their spores downwards, but puffballs give theirs a flying start by blowing them up into the air. (IV) When a puffball is newly grown, it feels hard and rubbery, like a ball; however, as its spores begin to ripen, it dries out. (V) The top of the puffball then opens up, forming a hole so that the spores can be released. I II III IV V
(I) Pollution is not a new phenomenon. (II) In the Middle Ages, London's air was so badly polluted by smoke from coal fires that in 1273 Edward I passed a law banning coal burning. (III) In 1306 a Londoner was tried and executed for breaking this law. (IV) Coal burning remained the most serious source of pollution until modern times. (V) Despite this, pollution was not checked, and on one occasion in 1578 Elizabeth I refused to enter London because there was so much smoke in the air.
I II III IV V