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VITAL SIGNS
OXYGEN SATURATION
Normal oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) 95 to 100 percent Oxygen treatment and bronchodilators Below 90 percent Life-threatening situation Below 70 percent NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE in Various Age Group Newborn 75/55 mmHg 6-9 years of age 90/55 mmHg 10-15 years of age 100/65 mmHg 16 years to adulthood 118/76 mmHg Adult 119/78 mmHg BLOOD PRESSURE Normal Systolic: less than 120 mmHg Diastolic: less than 80 mmHg Prehypertension Systolic: 120 - 139 mmHg Diastolic: 80 - 89 mmHg Hypertension Systolic: 140 - 179 mmHg Diastolic: 90 - 109 mmHg Hypertensive Crisis ( Emergency ) Systolic: Higher than 180 mmHg Diastolic: Higher than 110 mmHg NORMAL RESPIRATORY RATE of Various Age Groups Newborn 30 - 50 bpm 1-2 years old 20 - 30 bpm 3-8 years old 18 - 26 bpm 9-11 years old 16 - 22 bpm 12- Adult 12 - 20 bpm
RESPIRATORY RATE
Normal 12 - 20 bpm Bradypnea Below 12 bpm Tachypnea Above 20 bpm Average PULSE RATE by Age Less than 1 year 120 - 160 bpm 2 - 6 years 80 - 120 bpm 7 - 10 years 80 - 100 bpm 11 - 16 years 70 - 90 bpm Adult 60 - 80 bpm Older Adult 50 - 65 bpm PULSE RATE Normal 60 - 100 bpm Bradycardia Below 60 bpm Tachycardia Above 100 bpm Normal TEMPERATURE Oral 37 °C ( 98.6 °F ) Rectal 37.6 °C ( 99.6 °F ) Axillary ( under arm ) 36.4 °C ( 97.6 °F ) Aural ( ear ) 37 °C ( 98.6 °F ) Temporal Artery 37 °C ( 98.6 °F ) Source: https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/1/3/4/0134699807.pdf
TEMPERATURE
Body temperature is a complicated, complex variable that is influenced by a wide range of internal and external factors. An adult in good health should have a body temperature of about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37.0 degrees Celsius). Human body temperature normally varies between 36.5 and 37.5 degrees centigrade (97.7 and 99. degrees Fahrenheit). Temperature measurement results are the sole basis for clinical decisions regarding investigation and management, particularly in the paediatric population. On the other hand, if a temperature reading is falsely positive or fails to indicate that a patient has a severe fever, the patient may receive inappropriate care. That's why taking precise measurements of a patient's temperature and other vital signs is crucial for both adult and paediatric patients in order to support things such as early disease identification, follow recovery progress, monitor general health status, evaluate response to therapy, and guide therapeutic decisions. Vital sign monitoring, both exact and routine, is essential to maintaining patients' health and well-being at all age ranges. OXYGEN SATURATION SpO2, or oxygen saturation, is a measurement of the proportion of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin to non-oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in the blood. The blood must have a specific amount of oxygen for the body to operate properly. Saturation with oxygen is a critical component of patient treatment. The body regulates oxygen levels closely because low oxygen levels can have a variety of immediate negative impacts on different organ systems. These consist of the kidneys, heart, and brain. Less than 85–93% is usually regarded as a substantial desaturation value. Because they were concerned about severe desaturation occurrences, several surgeons had previously recommended postoperative ICU surveillance. So taking precise oxygen saturation measurements are critical for monitoring respiratory function, identifying hypoxemia, evaluating health, directing treatment choices, and guaranteeing prompt interventions for the best possible patient outcomes in both adult and paediatric patients. BLOOD PRESSURE A patient's blood pressure is a crucial critical marker to understand their hemodynamic state. Regretfully, there are a lot of inter-person differences in the measurements. Frequently, fundamental measuring methods are not followed, which produces inaccurate findings. Before taking a patient's blood pressure, all medical professionals should be aware of the need of ensuring that all prerequisites are satisfied. That’s why taking precise blood pressure monitoring is essential for adult and paediatric patients to identify hypotension, monitor cardiovascular health, diagnose hypertension, and guide treatment decisions. It also ensures the best possible results for patients. To preserve health and avoid long-term problems, accurate measuring methods and routine monitoring are crucial.
PULSE RATE and RESPIRATORY RATE Adults typically have a heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute; rates that go outside of this range are known as bradycardia or tachycardia, respectively. In addition to its symmetry, the parameters for evaluating the pulse include its rate, rhythm, volume, amplitude, and rate of rise. Measuring the pulse's rate is important for determining how the body's physiological and pathological processes are impacting it. The number of breaths per minute is known as the respiratory rate. An average adult breathes between 12 and 20 times each minute on average. It is determined by the specific age group in the paediatric age range. Once again, rate, depth, and pattern of breathing are crucial parameters.Rates higher or lower than expected are termed as tachypnea and bradypnea, respectively. That’s why taking the precise assessment of respiratory and pulse rates is essential for maintaining respiratory and cardiovascular health, determining oxygenation levels, and spotting health problems early in both adult and paediatric patients. Ensuring appropriate treatment when required and sustaining excellent health outcomes are significantly aided by precise measuring techniques and routine monitoring. FETAL HEART TONE The heart rate and rhythm of your unborn child are measured via fetal heart rate monitoring. This allows your doctor to monitor your baby's progress. Fetal heart monitoring may be performed by your healthcare practitioner throughout labor and late pregnancy. Fetal heart rates typically range from 110 to 160 beats per minute. Monitoring fetal heart rate can also aid in avoiding unnecessary medical interventions. If there are no further issues, a normal foetal heart rate might reassure you and your obstetrician-gynecologist (ob-gyn) or other medical practitioner that it is safe to proceed with labor. Fetal heart tones must be precisely and regularly monitored in order to guarantee the mother's and the child's health and safety during pregnancy and birthing. Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553213/ https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/fetal-heart-moni toring#:~:text=Fetal%20heart%20rate%20monitoring%20measures,and%20160%20b eats%20per%20minute. https://www.homecaremag.com/understanding-spo2-and-normal-oxygen-levels#:~:text= What%20is%20SpO2%3F,will%20not%20function%20as%20efficiently. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525974/#:~:text=Oxygen%20saturation%20is %20an%20essential,brain%2C%20heart%2C%20and%20kidneys.
