Visual Conception of the Classes of Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures, Slides of Chemistry

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VISUAL CONCEPTION

OF

THE CLASSES OF MATTER

1.Elements

Definition : An element is a pure substance made up of only one

kind of atom. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances

by chemical or physical means.

Examples :

Gold (Au) — a precious metal used in jewelry and

electronics.

Oxygen (O₂) — essential for respiration.

Carbon (C) — a basis for organic chemistry.

2. Compounds

Definition : A compound is a substance formed when two or

more different elements are chemically bonded together in

fixed proportions.

Examples :

Water (H₂O) — two hydrogen atoms bonded with one

oxygen atom.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) — table salt.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) — a byproduct of respiration.

Properties :

Have unique chemical and physical properties different

from the elements they are composed of.

Can only be separated into their elements by chemical

reactions.

Key Characteristics :

Fixed ratio: For example, water is always 2 parts hydrogen

and 1 part oxygen.

Exhibit properties arising from chemical bonds, such as

ionic or covalent bonding.

Properties :

Components can be separated by physical

methods (e.g., filtration, evaporation, distillation).

No fixed ratio of components.

Key Characteristics :

No chemical bonding occurs between substances.

Easily reversible separations.

Significance in Science and Daily Life

1.Elements :

1.Form the periodic table basis, critical for understanding chemistry.

2.Examples: Copper (Cu) in wiring, Iron (Fe) in construction.

2.Compounds :

1.Fundamental to life processes (e.g., glucose for energy).

2.Used in industries, medicines, and household products.

3.Mixtures :

1.Ubiquitous in everyday items (e.g., milk, air).

2.Key in material processing and environmental systems.