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PINES CITY COLLEGES
GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
First Semester, A.Y. 202 2 - 2023
Course Number: VALUES 101
Course Title: RELIGION, RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES AND SPIRITUALITY
Modular Learning Guide # 5
Topic: World Religions
Expected Time of Completion: 6 hours (October 10 – 21 , 202 2 )
A. Learning Outcomes
- Compare and contrast the various world religions.
B. Learning Content JUDAISM Judaism , monotheistic religion developed among the ancient Hebrews. Judaism is characterized by a belief in one transcendent God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions. Judaism is the complex phenomenon of a total way of life for the Jewish people, comprising theology, law, and innumerable cultural traditions.
Belief:
Jewish people believe there’s only one God who has established a covenant—or special agreement—with them. Their God communicates to believers through prophets and rewards good deeds while also punishing evil.
Most Jews (with the exception of a few groups) believe that their Me ssiah hasn’t yet come—but will one day.
Jewish people worship in holy places known as synagogues, and their spiritual leaders are called rabbis. The six-pointed Star of David is the symbol of Judaism.
Abraham
The origins of Jewish faith are explained throughout the Torah. According to the text, God first revealed himself to a Hebrew man named Abraham, who became known as the founder of Judaism.
CHRISTIANITY Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world, with more than 2 billion followers. The Christian faith centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. While it started with a small group of adherents, many historians regard the spread and adoption of Christianity throughout the world as one of the most successful spiritual missions in human history.
Belief:
Christians are monotheistic, i.e., they believe there’s only one God, and he created the heavens and the earth. This divine Godhead consists of three parts: the father (God himself), the son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit. The essence of Christianity revolves around the life, death and Christian beliefs on the resurrection of Jesus. Christians believe God sent his son Jesus, the messiah, to save the world. They believe Jesus was crucified on a cross to offer the forgiveness of sins and was resurrected three days after his death before ascending to heaven.
Jesus
Most historians believe that Jesus was a re al person who was born between 2 B.C. and 7 B.C. Much of what scholars know about Jesus comes from the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
According to the text, Jesus was born to a young Jewish virgin named Mary in the town of Bethlehem, south of Jerusalem in modern-day Palestine. Christians believe the conception was a supernatural event, with God impregnating Mary via the Hol y Spirit.
ISLAM
“Islam” is an Arabic term which means to submit one’s will to the will of God. Islam is a monotheistic religion that teaches that there is only one divine being, one supreme Creator of the universe. Muslims believe that Islam is the true religion of God revealed to humanity. It is a universal religion that can be practiced by anyone at any time and in every place. The central concept of this way of life is total submission to God.
Belief:
Belief in the Day of Judgment and life after death. The best reward for performing good deeds is getting closer to God.
Belief in divine decree. This means that God is all-powerful and nothing can happen without His permission, however, he has given human beings freedom to choose whether to be good or bad. In the end, everyone will be questioned about how they lived in this life.
Prophet Muhammad From the beginning of mankind until the present day Allah has sent a Prophet to every nation to guide them to the truth. They were sent to teach their people to worship God alone and not to ascribe any divine partners to Him.
The names of these Prophets may sound familiar to you. They include Adam, Nuh (Noah), Ibrahim (Abraham), Ismail, Ishaq (Isaac), Yaqub (Jacob), Jesus, Muhammad, and many others (peace be upon them all).
OTHER RELIGIONS The Bahá’í faith is essentially a spiritual ideology that teaches the value of all religions, espousing the importance of universal equality and unity. Bahá’u’lláh, the founding figure in the Bahá’í faith, officially established his ideology in 1863 in Persia (or modern-day Iran). As something of a hybrid of other faiths, Bahá’í grew out of the tradition of Babism, which itself emerged from an Islamic denomination called Shaykhism. (Today, Babism exists with a few thousand adherents, concentrated largely in Iran, and standing separately from the Islamic ideologies that surround it.) Like Babism, Bahá’í incorporates some of the teachings of Islam but merges them with some Christian principles. The central governing body of the Bahá’í faith, a nine-member council called the Universal House of Justice , operates from Haifa, Israel.
LECTURE NOTES # 5 for MODULAR LEARNING GUIDE # 5
For our 5t h^ module, w e w ill talk about the World Religions.
4. Judaism believ es in one God. This is like the God of Christianity. The God w ho rev eled itself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets.
Beliefs: The God of Judaism rew ards people w ho do good deeds w hile also punishing ev il.
Abraham is the father of all nations.
5. Christianity focuses on the beliefs regarding the birth, life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Beliefs: God has 3 natures (Holy Trinity). God the father, son, and holy spirit. How ev er, God is still one. Like for example, an electric fan has 3 blades but it spins like one. Without the one blade, the function is incomplete.
Jesus is the son of a v irgin named Mary. I t’s God w ho impregnate Mary v ia the Holy Spirit. I t is called the immaculate conception.
6. Islam. Muslims believ e that their religion is the only true religion that God rev ealed to humanity.
Beliefs: When doing good deeds, it is a w ay of getting closer to God.
Prophet Muhammad is one of the prophets w ho w ere sent to teach humanity to w orship God alone and no other.
OTHER RELIGIONS
The Bahá’í religion believes that God sends numerous div ine messengers ev ery 500 years to transform and dev elop the character of humankind.
Confucianism is a Chinese belief system. Personal ethics and morality are the focus of importance in this religion.
