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Understanding Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Their Functions, Study notes of Business Economics

The importance of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in performance management systems. It describes the characteristics of KPIs, types of KPIs, factors affecting KPIs, and tips for implementing KPIs. The document also provides definitions of KPIs by experts and explains the SMART criteria for setting KPIs. It emphasizes the need for clear goals, realistic and measurable data collection, and cooperation between employees, teams, suppliers, and customers.

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Available from 02/16/2023

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Understanding Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Their Functions
Key Performance Indicator Management and evaluation are important functions that allow
the organization's work plan to be implemented properly so that the organization's ultimate
goals can be achieved. A good performance management system is necessary for proper
control and evaluation functions. A good performance management system should be able
to describe business processes that take place throughout the organization.
This performance management system can also be measured usingKey Performance
Indicators (KPIs), so it can also be a good measure of success. The performance management
system contains these key KPIs or performance indicators representing the performance of
all parts of the organization and the interrelationships between those parts.
Many companies already have a performance management system in place, but it only
provides a "list of KPIs" and ignores intermetric relationships.
Over the past few decades, performance management systems such as the Balanced Score
Card (BSC) have been developed to explain the interrelationships between indicators. In the
BSC, the relationship between indicators is expressed only qualitatively.
If this relationship can be expressed quantitatively, the power measurement model can be
used for clearer and more specific purposes. Such as, more specific repair efforts or
predictions of future system operations.
Understanding Key Performance Indicators
Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measuring tool that describes the effectiveness of a
company in achieving business goals. Simply put, Key Performance Indicator is a term used to
refer to key performance indicators that need to be implemented by various organizations.
Companies that use KPIs have the goal of measuring their success in achieving their goals. In
its application, KPIs have characteristics that can be seen as follows:
Regular measurements
Non-financial Size
Sizes known to management
All parties in the organization already understand and understand KPIs
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Understanding Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Their Functions Key Performance Indicator – Management and evaluation are important functions that allow the organization's work plan to be implemented properly so that the organization's ultimate goals can be achieved. A good performance management system is necessary for proper control and evaluation functions. A good performance management system should be able to describe business processes that take place throughout the organization. This performance management system can also be measured using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), so it can also be a good measure of success. The performance management system contains these key KPIs or performance indicators representing the performance of all parts of the organization and the interrelationships between those parts. Many companies already have a performance management system in place, but it only provides a "list of KPIs" and ignores intermetric relationships. Over the past few decades, performance management systems such as the Balanced Score Card (BSC) have been developed to explain the interrelationships between indicators. In the BSC, the relationship between indicators is expressed only qualitatively. If this relationship can be expressed quantitatively, the power measurement model can be used for clearer and more specific purposes. Such as, more specific repair efforts or predictions of future system operations. Understanding Key Performance Indicators Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measuring tool that describes the effectiveness of a company in achieving business goals. Simply put, Key Performance Indicator is a term used to refer to key performance indicators that need to be implemented by various organizations. Companies that use KPIs have the goal of measuring their success in achieving their goals. In its application, KPIs have characteristics that can be seen as follows:

  • Regular measurements
  • Non-financial Size
  • Sizes known to management
  • All parties in the organization already understand and understand KPIs
  • Responsibility to teams and individuals
  • Has a very significant and comprehensive effect
  • Has a more positive effect Key performance indicators are measured over daily, weekly, and monthly periods. Good KPIs are important and continue to attract the attention of management. If a person deviates from the KPI, management can make a decision and call the person in charge. The definition of Key Performance Indicator has been defined by experts, as follows. Iveta (2012): KPIs are quantitative and step-by-step indicators of companies with different perspectives and are based on concrete data formulated as a starting point for setting goals with an organizational strategy. Warren (2011): KPIs are indicators of how an organization implements its strategic vision. The strategic vision in question refers to how the organization's strategy is interactively integrated with the overall strategy of the organization. Parmenter (2007): defines KPIs as the most important thing for an organization's success in current and future conditions. Banerjee and Biotic (2012): KPIs are measurable, quantitative indicators used to assess an organization's performance to achieve its goals. KPIs are also used to identify measurable goals, and refer to support for trends and decisions. In a broad sense, Key Performance Indicator can be defined as a useful decision-making tool because it helps an organization or company measure individual performance and assess the performance of the organization itself to achieve its goals with the reach of that strategic vision. The term KPI is generally used in a business context, so not everyone understands the meaning of the name. Key performance indicators, abbreviated as KPIs in English terms, are important (key) indicators to confirm the progress of desired results. These performance indicators can be measured daily, weekly, monthly so that they can be considered by management. Types of Key Performance Indicators

of the actual development of the company (within a given time). KPIs measure the business objectives of actual data and measurable data over a period of time. Here are the reasons why companies need to implement KPIs because they have several benefits such as the following:

  1. Targets Become More Measurable When Using KPIs When using KPIs, this element will be a tool for measuring ranges that are close to the goal. KPIs are not a goal or a target. For example, KPIs may indicate that the team can currently only reach 20 percent of the desired leads (depending on the benchmarks set by the company, of course). Based on the information displayed by the KPIs, the sales manager can determine the sales progress and why the reported results are not as expected. This will allow the manager to create a new strategy in the future.
  2. Create a Learning Atmosphere The data created by KPIs will trigger employees to create important conversations between teammates and their administrators. When used as a habit, a learning environment will be created in the company. It is also possible to analyze whether KPIs are effective, or whether they make sense enough to reach the team.
  3. Get important information KPIs offer a straightforward description of the company's overall performance. Datareal time shown by KPIs allows companies to adjust systematically so that companies do not have to make massive changes at the end of each month to achieve targets so that they are more energy efficient. In addition to obtaining an overview of the level of performance in the work environment, some companies that use KPIs can measure how well they have achieved certain standards that may not be directly related to the business or the company's profits precisely.
  4. Support Corporate Accountability

If there is no precise and measurable data source as the KPIs provide, companies will have difficulty providing employee performance assessments. Companies may assume their employees are underperforming because they are constrained by engagement issues. However, they have no evidence that they can measure. Even if companies can measure the performance of other statistics, KPIs may be the most important tool. Basically, KPIs promote employee accountability (accountability) (if they are lacking in their performance) and company (if it is difficult for KPIs to achieve).

  1. Can Increase Morale KPIs are very useful, and employees can get employees positive feedback because employees meet certain KPIs. The results are often quick and this creates the feeling that "have a goal" and can achieve this goal. Factors Affecting Key Performance Indicators KPIs are only useful if the company has a KPI footprint itself. Companies often adopt KPIs that are commonly used in the industry. But then he wondered why the KPIs didn't reflect the company's performance. When developing a strategy for setting KPIs, the team should start by ascertaining the company's goals, plans for achieving them, and who can take action based on that information. This should be an iterative process that includes input from analysts, department heads, and managers. The company will then gain a better understanding of how KPIs can measure the company's business processes and who can track them. One way to create relevant KPIs is to use SMART criteria. This term means concrete, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-limited. The explanation of this KPI factor can be summarized in the following questions.
    1. What are the specific goals of the company?
    2. Can companies measure the achievement of this goal?
    3. Is this goal achievable?
    4. Will this goal have anything to do with the company?

Time Sensitive is that each result or goal has a time limit for how long it can be achieved. The fact that a goal or outcome requires a time limit makes it easy to measure the improvement of the goal or subsequent outcome. Developing KPIs takes time and resources for the company. The key performance indicators measured are those that meet the needs of the company, taking into account the company's short-term strategy and goals. Tips for Implementing Key Performance Indicators Here are some tips for implementing theKey Performance Indicator.

  1. Have a Clear Goal Key performance indicators have clear guidelines that anyone reading or calculating should be able to interpret the data correctly. If your organization's or company's business goal is to become a "market leader", then the KPI goal is "increase sales by 10%" or "product marketing in the Southeast Asia region". You can set how to "expand the scope". The objectives of the KPI must be clear and strategic. Strategic relationships are how organizations evaluate how organizations carry out strategies and measurements that must be achieved, how organizations can evaluate their vision and mission.
  2. Create goals that reach the outline What is your goal? Can you achieve it? When do you need to achieve that goal? How can you measure the progress of the strategy applied? Does the strategy used affect the finances of the organization or company? Goals must be realistic and business process changes take time to implement. In the early stages of KPI monitoring, it is best to focus on long-term goals and medium-term monitoring.
  3. Data Collection KPIs are quantitative measurements. Therefore, specific and valid data are needed to determine the key performance indicators. It helps to measure indicators accurately and accurately.
  1. Review the Changes to Date Why KPI reviews are helpful. Let's say the company exceeds the targeted results, for example the target of 120 percent, and still has good productivity, then it is not wrong to try to be the next goal to increase results. Instead, if you don't achieve it, don't force the next goal to improve the next goal to affect the motivation and productivity of the team. In other words, companies need to be aware of whether there is a decommissioning for team performance.
  2. Create the KPI Formulation Some KPIs contain only one metric or size. However, in most cases it depends on the combinations summarized in the formula. For example, a KPI that measures the productivity of revenue from product sales is total revenue divided by the total number of products. Create the appropriate expression and continue to test the expression to see if the results the company gets match your realization.
  3. KPI Presentation To efficiently convey key performance indicators, data must be transformed into easy-to- understand visual representations such as graphs and charts. Provide direction to all employees about the KPI calculation process to achieve effective and goal-oriented work patterns.