Periodic Table Trends: Atomic Structure and Properties, Slides of Chemistry

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Trends Found in the

Periodic Table

The periodic table organizes elements

based on their atomic structure,

leading to several trends in their

properties. These trends arise due to

variations in atomic number, electron

configuration, and periodicity. The key

trends include:

2. Ionization Energy (energy needed to remove

an electron)

Decreases down a group (electrons are farther

from the nucleus and easier to remove).

Increases across a period (stronger nuclear

attraction makes it harder to remove electrons)

3. Electronegativity (ability to attract electrons)

Decreases down a group (larger atoms have a

weaker pull on bonding electrons).

Increases across a period (smaller atoms with

more protons attract electrons more strongly).

Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative

element.

5. Metallic Character

Increases down a group (atoms lose

electrons more easily).

Decreases across a period (elements on the

right hold onto electrons more tightly).

Francium (Fr) is the most metallic element.

6. Reactivity

**Metals:** Increase down a group (easier to lose 

electrons) and decrease across a period.

• Nonmetals: Decrease down a group and increase

across a period (easier to gain electrons).

• Noble gases are generally unreactive due to their

full electron shells.