English Test Preparation | Summaries Translation Theory

TEST YOUR ENGLISH 45

I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

Question 1: ___________ all the students couldn’t do it well.

A. Giving the test at short notice

B. The teacher gave the test at short notice

C. Al short notice did the teacher give the test

D. The teacher giving the test at short notice

Question 2: Jane promised _____________ me up at 5 o’clock.

A. me to pick B. me that she would pick

C. to me that she would pick D. to me to pick

Question 3: Jane: Which one can I have? Anne: Take your ____________mate. It’s first come first

served.

A. choice B. pick C. pluck D. vote

Question 4: I think you’re being ____________pessimistic.

A. worthlessly B . unduly C. undeservedly D. abundantly

Question 5: The __________of Cat Tien National Park includes 105 listed mammal species. 351

species of birds, over 120 reptile and amphibian Species and over 130 species of freshwater fish.

A. Species B. creatures C. Flora D. fauna

Question 6: We must prepare for the attack. Every ________counts.

A. second B. hour C. day D. minute

Question 7: Miss McCrea was _________ anyone could have had. She never lost her temper with even

the stupidest pupils.

A. as patient teacher as B. so patient teacher as

C. as patient a teacher as D. so patient a teacher as

Question 8: Once the story _____________the headlines, everyone was talking about it.

A. smashed B. hit C. crashed D. struck

Question 9: The clown was wearing a Wig and a red nose.

A. Ted funny plastic French B. French funny plastic red

C. funny red French plastic D. red French plastic funny

Question 10: Hillary was an effective speaker and her audience seemed to her every word.

A. hang B. cling C. hold D. catch

II. Choose the word whose primary stress is placed differently from thar of the others.

Question 11: A. safari B. hurricane C. continent D. industry

Question 12: A. archipelago B. articulation C. argumentative D. architectural

III. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

Question 13: A. money B. something C. nonsense D. comfort

Question 14: A. island B. domestic C. escort D. foster

Question 15: A. certificate B. immediate C. unfortunate D. exacerbate

IV. For questions 16-25. read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each

gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example: 0. A. intended B. imagined C. supposed D. said

Round Pegs in Round Holes

Do you remember when technology was (0) C. supposed to bring about big changes in the Workplace,

improve the working environment and increase leisure time? Well, you’ll also recall that it failed to bring

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TEST YOUR ENGLISH 45

I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. Question 1: ___________ all the students couldn’t do it well. A. Giving the test at short notice B. The teacher gave the test at short notice C. Al short notice did the teacher give the test D. The teacher giving the test at short notice Question 2: Jane promised _____________ me up at 5 o’clock. A. me to pick B. me that she would pick C. to me that she would pick D. to me to pick Question 3: Jane: Which one can I have? Anne: Take your ____________mate. It’s first come first served. A. choice B. pick C. pluck D. vote Question 4: I think you’re being ____________pessimistic. A. worthlessly B. unduly C. undeservedly D. abundantly Question 5: The __________of Cat Tien National Park includes 105 listed mammal species. 351 species of birds, over 120 reptile and amphibian Species and over 130 species of freshwater fish. A. Species B. creatures C. Flora D. fauna Question 6: We must prepare for the attack. Every ________counts. A. second B. hour C. day D. minute Question 7: Miss McCrea was _________ anyone could have had. She never lost her temper with even the stupidest pupils. A. as patient teacher as B. so patient teacher as C. as patient a teacher as D. so patient a teacher as Question 8: Once the story _____________the headlines, everyone was talking about it. A. smashed B. hit C. crashed D. struck Question 9: The clown was wearing a Wig and a red nose. A. Ted funny plastic French B. French funny plastic red C. funny red French plastic D. red French plastic funny Question 10: Hillary was an effective speaker and her audience seemed to her every word. A. hang B. cling C. hold D. catch II. Choose the word whose primary stress is placed differently from thar of the others. Question 11: A. safari B. hurricane C. continent D. industry Question 12: A. archipelago B. articulation C. argumentative D. architectural III. Choose t h e w ord wh ose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. Question 13: A. money B. something C. nonsense D. comfort Question 14: A. island B. domestic C. escort D. foster Question 15: A. certificate B. immediate C. unfortunate D. exacerbate IV. For questions 16- 2 5. read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: 0. A. intended B. imagined C. supposed D. said Round Pegs in Round Holes Do you remember when technology was (0) C. supposed to bring about big changes in the Workplace, improve the working environment and increase leisure time? Well, you’ll also recall that it failed to bring

about such desired (16) _________, for most of us at least. In fact, many of these technological advancements led to various health (17) _________, like eyestrain and back problems. And the extra leisure time all the experts promised us never became a reality. Luckily, there does appear to be some good news. Some employers have become enlightened enough to (18) ___________ that happy, relaxed employees are more (19) _________ and friendly than those who are burnt-out and undervalued. Therefore, many businesses are attempting to (20) ___________ their work environments in a way that promotes a positive, calm workplace. The principles of the ancient Chinese art of “Feng Shui” are being applied to (21) _____________ harmonious environments in many Workplaces. For instance, as a calming influence, an aquarium of fish can be placed in any workspace or chunks of amethyst can be placed next to workers’ computers to help neutralise (22) ____________ radiation and relieve stress. Next, the furniture and office fixtures in the workspace affect the people who work in it. When employees are comfortable and are provided with quality equipment, they feel better and take greater pride in their work. It is (23) ___________ for people to feel as though they are an integral and valued part of the company. To sum up, when people are treated as individuals and not merely as dispensable pieces of equipment, they are more (24) ____________ to give their best. Offering employees (25) ___________ in the shape of bonuses, regular pay increases, holidays, etc. can serve as all excellent ways to increase productivity. So go on, give it a try and see how your work environment can become more positive and energised. Question 16: A. alterations B. Corrections C. variations D. reforms Question 17: A. factors B. disputes C. aspects D. Issues Question 18: A. recognise B. relate C. connect D. associate Question 19: A. rapid B. immediate C. efficient D. hasty Question 20: A. upgrade B. increase C. advance D. boost Question 21: A. cause B. create C. put D. bring Question 22: A destructive B. wounding C. harmful D. hurtful Question 23: A. compulsory B. vital C. urgent D basic Question 24: A likely B. readily C. surely D. happily Question 25: A benefits B. increments С. incentives D. perks V. Read the text belo w and use the w ords g i ven in capitals to form a word that fits in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Can roads help nature****? It is (0) reasonable to assume that roads, generally, are not very good for nature, and there is good evidence to support this (26) __________. Scientists William Laurance and Andrew Balmford point out, for example, that 95% of ______________(27) fires and atmospheric carbon (28) __________ in the Brazilian Amazon occur within 50 kilometres of a road.” One hundred thousand kilometres of roads now criss-cross the Amazon, and roadbuilding there continues, often (29) __________ contravening environmental laws. However, Laurance and Balmford believe that roads can be environmentally (30) ___________. In agricultural areas where forests have already been cleared, good roads case access to markets, which improves the (31) ____________ and profitability of farms, and tends to encourage people to stay away from vulnerable wilderness. Laurance and Balmford propose a worldwide project to establish which areas should not have roads and which areas governments should (32) __________for road improvement. They believe a scheme of this kind could (33) ____________ the damage roads cause. It would be challenging, but,

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It has been incredibly costly. 58. ____ It once had to be housed in a special place 59. ____ Our Changing World So many n ew technologies have appeared in the past half-century that it’s impossible to list them all. But these eight high-tech breakthroughs stand out over the last 50 years because th ey’ve revolutionised the wa y we li ve Paragraph A In 1954. Dr. Joseph Murray removed a kidney from one human patient and implanted it in another. The recipient accepted the kidney as its own rather than rejecting it as a foreign body. It was more than skillful surgery: Murray had chosen a pair of identical twins, Ronald Herrick and his terminally ill brother Richard, in the hope that their similar genetic makeup would reduce the likelihood of Richard’s body rejecting Ronald’s kidney. Soon afterward, though. other researchers developed drugs that could suppress a transplant recipi ent’s immune system strong enough for the new organ to become incorporated into its new body. Each year, thousands of people receive a new heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas or intestine – and are given a n ew lease of life. Paragraph B The term “robot’ was coined by Czechoslovakian playwright, Karel Capek, in 1920 – ‘robota’ being a Czech word for tedious labour – but the first rcal industrial robot was built in 1954 by George Devol. Five years later, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology founded its Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in a quest to mechanically mimic human minds as well as hands. Today, robots assemble products better, faster and often cheaper than manual labourers. Still, some individuals eye such systems with the cynical view of novelist Kurt Vonnegut, whose 1952 story Player Piano warned that the machines might leave people without a way to make a living or a purpose in life. Paragraph C When the Queen herself threw the switch on the world’s first atomic power plant at Calder Hall outside London in 1956, nuclear reactors were seen as a source of cheap, pollution-free energy. But a partial meltdown in 1979 at the Three Mile Island reactor in Pennsylvania soured the world on nuclear energy as a safe source of power. Nonetheless, in Britain today there are 16 active plants that generate 25 percent of the nation’s electricity and they have been steadily increasing their capability. Will the next 50 years bring a better alternative? Paragraph D The idea for a mobile phone service dates back at least to 1947, but the first call was not actually made until 1973. This initial call was made on the pavement outside the Manhattan Hilton by Martin C ooper. a Motorola researcher, who rang up his rival at AT & T Bell Labs to lest the new phone. Thirty years later, it appears that almost everyone in the Western world has a mobile device growing out of their ear and cellular networks are beginning to serve Internet access at broadband speeds through thin air. Paragraph E Viewers of the famed moon walk in 1969, who are now decreased, would have been disappointed to learn we never went further than the Moon – no Mars colony, no 2001 odyssei. to Jupiter, no speed-of- light spaceships. Even the Shuttle is in trouble. But the space race against the Russians that dominated the American psyche (and a good chunk of its budget) the ’60s and ’70s pushed the development of hundreds of enabling technologies, including synthetic fibres and integrated computer circuits, necessary to fly astronauts to the moon back. And, for more importantly, the astronauts brought back a lesson from space. We saw the earth the size of a coin, and we realised then that there is only one earth.” Paragraph F Before IBM recast the desktop computer from hobbyist’s gadget to office automation 1983 – followed b y Apple’s people-friendly Macintosh a year later – “minicomputer size of a washing machine and required a special air-conditioned room. But the technicians who operated the old mainframes already

know computers were cool: the use them to play games, keep diaries, and trade messages with friends across the country still looking busy. Today, thanks to the PC, we all look busy. Paragraph G Everyone knows Watson and Crick, who unraveled the secret of DNA in 1953. But have you heard of Boyer and Cohen, who constructed the first organism with combined DNA from different species in 19732 They inserted toad genes into a bacterium that then replicated itself over and over. passing the toad’s genetic code down through generations of bacteria. Thirty years later, an estimated 70 percent of processed foods contain genetically modified ingredients, such as soybeans or com engineered for higher crop yields. Of course, the much bigger potential – good and bad – is in engineering humans. It might prevent birth defects, and diseases later in life. But the side effects could be disastrous and, do we really have the right to interfere with Mother Nature? VIII. Choose the best phrase or sentence (given below the text) to fill each of the blanks in the following tex t****. Wr it e one letter (A-G) in the corresponding numbered boxes on the an swer Sheet. T w o of the suggested ans we rs do not fit at all. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: (0) J Indo-European Languages Today, most European languages, and many Asian languages as for east as India, are very similar to each other. (0)_______________ about memorizing French word lists in school, these so-called *Indo- European languages resemble English and each other in terms of vocabulary and grammar (60) ___________. Only 140 of the modern world’s 5.000 tongues belong to this language family. (61)___________. Thanks to the global expansion of Europeans since 1492 – especially people from England, Spain, Portugal, France and Russia – nearly half the world’s present population of five billion now speaks an Indo-European language as its native tongue. When, however, we go to parts of the world (62) ___________. We realise how unusual Europe’s linguistic similarity is, and how it calls for explanation (63) ___________in areas of the New Guinea highlands (64) ___________. We find languages is different as English is from Chinese being spoken in neighbouring areas. (65) ___________until some people speaking the mother tongue of the Indo-European language family began to dominate and pushed almost all other European languages out of existence.

A. as well as French
B. Eurasia must have originally been as diverse
For example
which must have originated outside Europe
Yet differ in this respect from all the world’s other languages
in spite of this
where contact with the outside world began only in the 20th century
but the importance is far out of proportion to their numbers
with great linguistic diversity
No matter how much we complain IX. For questions 66-75, complete the following article by writing the missing words in the spaces. Use only one word for each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). The future at your fingertips There is a scene in the film M inority Report in (0) which Tom Cruise stands in front of a vast Perspex- like screen housed in the police department’s Pre-Crime Unit. He gazes (66) ____________ earnest at the transparent surface, waving his hands across the table to swirl great chunks of text and moving images across the screen to form a storyboard of yet to-be-committed crimes. (67) _____________a simple twist

English Test Preparation, Summaries of Translation Theory

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TEST YOUR ENGLISH 45

REASON

ASSUME

FOREST

EMIT

LEGAL

BENEFIT

EFFUCIENT

PRIOR