TEST 18
II. I Replace each italicized word with a synonymous one.
Vocational education has always been closely related (1) to the character of a society, the
Importance it attaches to work and the social values respected (2) by the members of its
community. Its primary (3) goal is to teach the skills and a practical competence (4) requisite
for different types of employment.
In the past, professions were inherited by descendants of families from the older generations.
The mastery accomplished by forefathers (5) and passed on to their successors (6) in vocations
like carpentry or weaving was incomparable to the relatively poor level of craftmanship in the
era of massive industrialization. In the 19th century traditional (7) skills achieved after many
years of rigorous (8) apprenticeship were abandoned (9) giving way to the factory system where
experience-building training was applied (10) directly on the job. Consequently, the number of
craftsmen (11) performing high-skilled manual work began to decrease (12) as they were
gradually replaced by machinery and, finally, by perfectly precise (13) computers.
This rapid computerization, however, has created a wide gap between those whose knowledge
of modern technologies is profound (14) and those who still lag behind. Given that computers
and their various uses are much more complicated than anvils or chisels, it definitely takes an
equally intensive and elaborate training to educate good and productive (15) workers nowadays.
1. a) accustomed b) linked c) composed d) intervowen
2. a) adored b) escalated c) rejoiced d) esteemed
3. a) rudimentary b) unique c) preliminary d) exclusive
4. a) flexibility b) proficiency c) faculty d) supremacy
5. a) peers b) associates c) forebears d) kinsmen
6. a) intermediaries b) pals c) predecessors d) heirs
7. a) habitual b) ancestral c) familiar d) genealogical
8. a) infinite b) exorbitant c) austere d) ferocious
9. a) repelled b) abstained c) mishandled d) renounced
10. a) administered b) injected c) engaged d) disposed
11. a) progenitors b) artisans c) merchants d) devotees
12. a) submerge b) fracture c) collapse d) dwindle
13. a) pivotal b) candid c) accurate d) valid
14. a) erudite b) customary c) fortuitous d) judicious
15. a) efficient b) adequate c) laborious d) substantial
III. Put the words in the correct form.
1. The unexpected ………………………. (CANCEL) of the flight to Amsterdam has made the
passengers feel uneasy.
2. We were told to take the necessary ………………………. (CAUTION) against insect bites in
the jungle.
3. The boss is rather ………………………. (CONSIDER) to the workers' needs. He only seems
