Introduction to Ecology: A Comprehensive Overview, Cheat Sheet of Environmental Science

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ECOLOGY (Part-1)

This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus)

Introduction

 Greek word “Oikos” meaning “home” and “logos”

meaning “study”

 Ecology: The study of organisms in their natural

habitat interacting with their surroundings

 Ecosystem: A self-regulating group of biotic

communities of species interacting with one

another and with their non-living environment

exchanging energy and matter

This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus)

Structural unit

 (^) Abiotic  (^) Physical  (^) Climatic (Sunlight, temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind)  (^) Edaphic (soil type, soil moisture, soil reaction)  (^) Geographic (Latitude, longitude, Altitude)  (^) Chemical  (^) Major nutrients  (^) Trace elements  (^) Pollutants  (^) Organic substances

This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus)

Structural unit

 Biotic

 (^) Producers  (^) Photo-autotrophs  (^) Chemo-autotrophs ( Nitrosomonas, Iron bacteria, Methanogens)  (^) Consumers  (^) Herbivores  (^) Carnivores  (^) Omnivores  (^) Detritivores  (^) Decomposers

This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus)

Food chain

 (^) Food chain is a series of groups of organisms called trophic levels, in which, there is repeated eating and eaten by so as to transfer food energy. Trophic Levels

This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus)

Types of Food Chain

 (^) Grazing food chain  (^) Grass  Rabbit  Fox  (^) Algae  Water flea  Small fish  Big fish  (^) Detrius food chain  (^) Dead organic matter  Fungi  Bacteria  (^) Significance of food chain  (^) Energy flow  (^) Nutrient cycles  (^) Ecological balance (population size regulation)  (^) Biomagnification  (^) The process by which a compound (such as a pollutant or pesticide) increases its concentration in the tissues of organisms as it travels up the food chain

This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus)

Ecological pyramids

Pyramid of number

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Ecological pyramids

 Pyramid of biomass

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Energy flow

 Universal energy flow model

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Energy flow

 Single channel energy flow model

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Nutrient cycles

 Nitrogen

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Nutrient cycles

Carbon

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Production of biomass

 Primary production

 Biomass production using photosynthesis

Secondary production

 Biomass production by consuming producers

This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentioned in syllabus)

To be continued…