Thermodynamics and chemical kinetics, Slides of Chemical Thermodynamics

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Module - 1

Thermodynamics and

chemical kinetics

Thermodynamics and chemical kinetics

Chemical Thermodynamics: laws of thermodynamics – entropy change (selected processes) – spontaneity of a chemical reaction and Gibbs energy- heat transfer. Chemical kinetics: Concept of activation energy, energy barrier- Arrhenius equation – effect of catalysts (homo and heterogeneous) – Enzyme catalysis (Michaelis-Menten Mechanism).

Chemical Thermodynamics Thermodynamics:

Chemical Thermodynamics Chemical Thermodynamics:

• Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions.

Basic Terminologies of Thermodynamics

• There are several basic principles of chemical thermodynamics to consider: i. Systems ii. Laws of thermodynamics iii. Enthalpy iv. Heat capacity v. Specific heat capacity
• Chemical thermodynamics is also concerned with four particular quantities: 1. Internal energy 2. Enthalpy 3. Entropy 4. Gibbs free energy

i. System i. System ➢ Part of the universe which under investigation

• Types of System 1. Open system 2. Closed System 3. Isolated system A System which can exchange both energy and matter with surrounding A System which permits passage of energy but not matter, across its boundary A System which can exchange neither energy nor matter with its surroundings

i. System State of a system

• The state of thermodynamic variables such as pressure, temperature, volume, composition which describes the system is called state of the system. Module - 1 Four kinds of processes

Basic Terminologies of Thermodynamics

• There are several basic principles of chemical thermodynamics to consider: i. Systems ii. Laws of thermodynamics iii. Enthalpy iv. Heat capacity v. Specific heat capacity
• Chemical thermodynamics is also concerned with four particular quantities: 1. Internal energy 2. Enthalpy 3. Entropy 4. Gibbs free energy

**iii. Laws of thermodynamics

1. Two bodies in thermal equilibrium are at same T
2. Energy can never be created or destroyed
3. The total entropy of the UNIVERSE must increase in every spontaneous process
4. The entropy of a pure, perfectly crystalline compound at T = 0 K is Zero.**

0. Zeroth ( th ) law of thermodynamics

Why Zeroth ( 0

th

) law?

• Thus, he was forced to adopt the number “zero” for his law.
• No one was knowing about the term “ temperature ” before 1935.
• All the three laws of thermodynamics ( first, second and third law ) were already discovered before 1935.
• In 1935 , Fowler discovered the title “ Zeroth law of thermodynamics ” and thermal equilibrium.
• Fowler realized that this phenomenon of thermal equilibrium is very important and it should be discussed before the first law of thermodynamics
• But already so many books were published with the first law, second law and third law. Now changing the number of these three laws can create a lot of confusion.

C

T

c

0. Zeroth ( th ) law of thermodynamics “If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with one another” A B T A

T

B T c

T

A

T

B

T

C T B

T

A After a while

Thermodynamics and chemical kinetics

Chemical Thermodynamics: laws of thermodynamics – entropy change (selected processes) – spontaneity of a chemical reaction and Gibbs energy- heat transfer. Chemical kinetics: Concept of activation energy, energy barrier- Arrhenius equation – effect of catalysts (homo and heterogeneous) – Enzyme catalysis (Michaelis-Menten Mechanism).

Thermodynamics and chemical kinetics

Chemical Thermodynamics: laws of thermodynamics – entropy change (selected processes) – spontaneity of a chemical reaction and Gibbs energy- heat transfer. Chemical kinetics: Concept of activation energy, energy barrier- Arrhenius equation – effect of catalysts (homo and heterogeneous) – Enzyme catalysis (Michaelis-Menten Mechanism).