The introduction of bio, Schemes and Mind Maps of Biology

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BIOCHEMISTRY

by: Jason Albances

What is

Biochemistry?

2

Significance

◎ Understands the molecular mechanisms of life. ◎ Basis for advancements in medicine, genetics, and biotechnology. ◎ Essential for comprehending physiological processes 4

Fundamentals of

Biochemistry

5

Biomolecules ◎ Nucleic Acids: ○ DNA and RNA carry genetic information. ○ DNA holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins. ○ RNA aids in protein synthesis. 7

Biomolecules ◎ Lipids: ○ Essential for cell membrane structure. ○ Act as energy storage molecules. 8

Metabolism: Chemical Processes Sustaining Life:

• Anabolism: Building complex molecules from simpler ones.
• Catabolism: Breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy 10

Enzymes: Catalysts for Biochemical Reactions:

• Speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.
• Critical for metabolism and various cellular processes. 11

Cellular Respiration:

Energy Production in Cells:

• The process by which cells convert nutrients into energy (ATP).
• Involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. 13

Characteristics of a

Living Organism

14

Grows and Develops

Increase in cell size and/or number

Includes: development, aging, death

Differentiation – cell specialization for a certain

job

• Metabolism (sum of all

chemical reactions)

Anabolism- simple to

complex (build – up rxns.)

Catabolism – complex

to simple (break-down rxns.)

• Heterotrophic (other feeding)

vs. autotrophic (self-feeding)

Obtains & uses Energy

Responds to the Environment A. MOVEMENT – INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL b. Irritability - ability to respond to a stimulus c. Adaptability

Homeostasis is any self-regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival