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The evolution of terrorism definitions throughout history, focusing on pre-9/11 attacks against the usa, including the assassination of sadat, wtc bombings, and anthrax attacks. It also covers america's response through coalition building, wars against taliban and iraq, and the consolidation of 'pax americana'.
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Key Terms: Terrorism, Mass Destruction Weapons (MDW), Asymmetrical Warfare, WTC I & II, Pentagon, Anthrax, Anti-Terrorist Coalition, Genocide Key Persons: “Assassins of Mountains,” Irish Republican Army (IRA), Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA), Aum Shinrikya Sect, Al-Qaeda, Sadat, Taliban, Osama Bin Laden, George W Bush Key Places: New York City, Washington DC, Pennsylvania, Afghanistan, Iraq
I. Terrorism: Evolution of its Definitions in History Pre-War Definition (Pre-1945) : Unconventional Acts Against States Ancient Terrorism: Political Assassination (“Assassins of Mountain”), Genocide (Spanish Acquisition, Nazi Germany) Cold War Definition (1945-1991) : Terror with Political Messages Cold War Terrorism: IRA, ETA Bush’s Definition (1991-) : Terror Against Civilians (Asymmetrical Warfare, Mass Destruction Weapon) Bush’s Terrorism: Aum Shinrikya Sect, Al-Qaeda, Iraq
II. The Pre-911 Stage: 1981: Assassination of President Sadat 1993: WTC I & the Somalian Murders 1995-96: KSA Car Bombing (Riyadh and Khobar) 1998: The East African Bombings 2000: The Millennium LAX Warning 2001: The Independence Day Warning
III. “America Under Attack” The World Trade Center Atrocity (WTC II) The Pentagon Attack: A Different Nature The “93 Heroes” Anthrax: Biological Attack Chain Effects: Israel, India, Indonesia, Russia, China, Hong Kong…
IV. “America Fights Back” Stage I: Coalition Building (Sept 2001 – Oct 2001) Stage II: War Against Taliban (Oct 2001 – Dec 2001) Stage III: Consolidation of “Pax Americana” (2002) Stage IV: War Against Iraq?
V. Conclusion “I don’t know why they hate us so much…” – George W Bush
Question: (1) How would you define “Terrorism”? Why? (2) Are the motives behind terrorist attacks against USA the same? Main Text: United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. “Definition of Terrorism” Supplementary Text: James Hoge and Gideon Rose. “Introduction.” (H&R P.ix-xiv)