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Understanding Terrorism: Evolution, Pre-9/11 Attacks, and America's Response, Study notes of History

The evolution of terrorism definitions throughout history, focusing on pre-9/11 attacks against the usa, including the assassination of sadat, wtc bombings, and anthrax attacks. It also covers america's response through coalition building, wars against taliban and iraq, and the consolidation of 'pax americana'.

Typology: Study notes

2012/2013

Uploaded on 02/06/2013

satishi
satishi 🇮🇳

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Rephrasing 911 & Terrorism
Key Terms: Terrorism, Mass Destruction Weapons (MDW), Asymmetrical Warfare,
WTC I & II, Pentagon, Anthrax, Anti-Terrorist Coalition, Genocide
Key Persons: “Assassins of Mountains,” Irish Republican Army (IRA), Basque
Fatherland and Liberty (ETA), Aum Shinrikya Sect, Al-Qaeda, Sadat, Taliban, Osama
Bin Laden, George W Bush
Key Places: New York City, Washington DC, Pennsylvania, Afghanistan, Iraq
I. Terrorism: Evolution of its Definitions in History
Pre-War Definition (Pre-1945): Unconventional Acts Against States
Ancient Terrorism: Political Assassination (“Assassins of Mountain”),
Genocide (Spanish Acquisition, Nazi Germany)
Cold War Definition (1945-1991): Terror with Political Messages
Cold War Terrorism: IRA, ETA
Bush’s Definition (1991-): Terror Against Civilians (Asymmetrical Warfare,
Mass Destruction Weapon)
Bush’s Terrorism: Aum Shinrikya Sect, Al-Qaeda, Iraq
II. The Pre-911 Stage:
1981: Assassination of President Sadat
1993: WTC I & the Somalian Murders
1995-96: KSA Car Bombing (Riyadh and Khobar)
1998: The East African Bombings
2000: The Millennium LAX Warning
2001: The Independence Day Warning
III. “America Under Attack”
The World Trade Center Atrocity (WTC II)
The Pentagon Attack: A Different Nature
The “93 Heroes”
Anthrax: Biological Attack
Chain Effects: Israel, India, Indonesia, Russia, China, Hong Kong…
IV. “America Fights Back”
Stage I: Coalition Building (Sept 2001 – Oct 2001)
Stage II: War Against Taliban (Oct 2001 – Dec 2001)
Stage III: Consolidation of “Pax Americana” (2002)
Stage IV: War Against Iraq?
V. Conclusion
“I don’t know why they hate us so much…” – George W Bush
Question: (1) How would you define “Terrorism”? Why? (2) Are the motives behind
terrorist attacks against USA the same?
Main Text: United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. “Definition of Terrorism”
Supplementary Text: James Hoge and Gideon Rose. “Introduction.” (H&R P.ix-xiv)
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Rephrasing 911 & Terrorism

Key Terms: Terrorism, Mass Destruction Weapons (MDW), Asymmetrical Warfare, WTC I & II, Pentagon, Anthrax, Anti-Terrorist Coalition, Genocide Key Persons: “Assassins of Mountains,” Irish Republican Army (IRA), Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA), Aum Shinrikya Sect, Al-Qaeda, Sadat, Taliban, Osama Bin Laden, George W Bush Key Places: New York City, Washington DC, Pennsylvania, Afghanistan, Iraq

I. Terrorism: Evolution of its Definitions in HistoryPre-War Definition (Pre-1945) : Unconventional Acts Against States  Ancient Terrorism: Political Assassination (“Assassins of Mountain”), Genocide (Spanish Acquisition, Nazi Germany)  Cold War Definition (1945-1991) : Terror with Political Messages  Cold War Terrorism: IRA, ETA  Bush’s Definition (1991-) : Terror Against Civilians (Asymmetrical Warfare, Mass Destruction Weapon)  Bush’s Terrorism: Aum Shinrikya Sect, Al-Qaeda, Iraq

II. The Pre-911 Stage:  1981: Assassination of President Sadat  1993: WTC I & the Somalian Murders  1995-96: KSA Car Bombing (Riyadh and Khobar)  1998: The East African Bombings  2000: The Millennium LAX Warning  2001: The Independence Day Warning

III. “America Under Attack”  The World Trade Center Atrocity (WTC II)  The Pentagon Attack: A Different Nature  The “93 Heroes”  Anthrax: Biological Attack  Chain Effects: Israel, India, Indonesia, Russia, China, Hong Kong…

IV. “America Fights Back”  Stage I: Coalition Building (Sept 2001 – Oct 2001)  Stage II: War Against Taliban (Oct 2001 – Dec 2001)  Stage III: Consolidation of “Pax Americana” (2002)  Stage IV: War Against Iraq?

V. Conclusion  “I don’t know why they hate us so much…” – George W Bush

Question: (1) How would you define “Terrorism”? Why? (2) Are the motives behind terrorist attacks against USA the same? Main Text: United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. “Definition of Terrorism” Supplementary Text: James Hoge and Gideon Rose. “Introduction.” (H&R P.ix-xiv)

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