STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTION FACTOR, Summaries of Structural Analysis

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General Guidelines

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CONTENTS

• General Guidelines 1-
• Calculation of Section Factor (Hp/A) 5-
• Various Box Protection
• Various Profile Protection
• Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & W/D) 7-
• Table 1. European I Beams (IPE Section) 7-
• Table 2. European I Beams (IPN Section)
• Table 3. European Flange Beams (HE Section) 10-
• Table 4. Universal Beams (UB Section) 13-
• Table 5. Universal Columns (UC Section)
• Table 6. Universal Bearing Piles (UBP Section)
• Table 7a. American Wide Flange Beams (W Section) - Imperial 17-
• Table 7b. American Wide Flange Beams (W Section) - Metric 24-
• Table 8. Japanese Wide Flange Beams (H Section) 30-
• Table 9. Channels with parallel flanges (UPE Section) 31-
• Table 10. European Channels (UPN Section) 32-
• Table 11. Parallel flange channels (PFC Section)
• Table 12. British channels with taper flanges (CH Section)
• Table 13. American standard channels (C Section) 34-
• Table 13a. American standard channels (C Section)
• Table 14. Structural Tees of Universal Columns
• Table 15. Structural Tees of Universal Beams 37-
• Table 16. Equal Angles
• Table 17. Unequal Angles 40-
• Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & A/P) 41-
• Table 18. Square hollow sections (SHS) 41-
• Table 19. Rectangular hollow sections (RHS) 45-
• Table 20. Circular hollow sections (CHS) 51-
• NOTES 55-

General Guidelines Section Factor

There are different test methods. These testing methods can

be divided into 3 groups compared to the section factor

definition.

Group 1: EN (Europe) and BS (UK): Section Factor = Hp/A (or A/V) Group 2: ASTM (US): Section Factor = W/D (H and I-sections) Group 3: ASTM (US): Section Factor = A/P (square and circular)

The correct definition and calculation of the section factor are

very important to define the needed thickness for all the fire

protection materials (board, paint or spray).

Section Factor (Hp/A) The degree of fire protection provided depends on the Hp/A Section Factor for the steel section. The Hp/A factor is a function of the area of the steel exposed to the fire and the mass of the steel section. The higher the Hp/A, the faster the steel section heats up and so the greater the thickness of fire protection material required. It should be noted that in European design standards, the section factor is presented as A/V which has the same numerical value as Hp/A. A/V measures the rate of temperature increase of a steel cross section by the ratio of the heated surface area to the volume. It is likely to gradually replace the use of Hp/A. Depending on type of material used for protection, the calculation method for Hp/A value may differ. Generally there are two methods of construction for the protection materials: box protection and profile protection.

Box Protection Using Board Materials

For box protection, Hp is the sum of the inside dimensions of the smallest possible rectangular or square encasement of the steel section. One exception is circular hollow sections. See page 5. Where a steel section abuts or is built into a fire resisting wall or floor, the surface in contact with or the surface within the wall or floor is ignored when calculating Hp. However, the value A is always the total cross sectional area of the whole steel section.

Profile Protection Using Spray/Paint Materials

Encasements following the profile of the steel section will generally have a higher Hp/A section factor than a box encasement. One exception is circular hollow sections. See page 5. The serial size and mass per metre of most steel sections are available in tables from steel manufacturers. Sometimes such tables also provide Hp/A values calculated for three or four sided box protection. Following is an example of a calculation for a steel beam section of 406mm x 178mm x 54kg/m serial size to be encased on 3 sides using box protection method: Serial size = 406mm x 178mm Actual size = 402.6mm x 177.6mm Hp = B + 2D = 177.6 + 2 x 402. = 982.8mm (0.9828m) A = 68.4cm² (0.00684m²) Hp/A = 0.9828 ÷ 0. = 144.7m- ≈ 144m- The value of A, the cross sectional area, can be obtained either from steelwork tables or by accurate measurement. However, if the mass per metre is known then the Hp/A value can be calculated as follows: Hp = 7850 x Hp A W Where W = Mass of per metre (kg/m) Where 7850 = Nominal density of steel Sample calculation using the previous example: Hp = 7850 x 0. A 54 = 142.87m- ≈ 143m- The shape of the steel section can also play an important role when determining the required thickness of a protection material. Following are some notes for reference. For details on steel profiles not outlined here, please consult Promat.

Castellated Sections / Cellform Beams

These steel members heat up more quickly than the original

section from which they were produced. Common practice

is that protection thickness should therefore be 20% greater

than those calculated from the Hp/A value of the original

section from which the castellated section is formed.

However, it should be noted that the above information is

now superseded by a new, more scientific approach for the

protection of castellated sections. The following is taken from

“Fire Protection for Structural Steel in Buildings”, 4th Edition,

published by the ASFP (see www.asfp.org.uk).

The recently amended method of obtaining the section

factor (Hp/A) for castellated sections is now specific. In fact,

the recommendation from the Steel Construction Institute,

published as RT 1085, for castellated sections and cellular

beams manufactured from all rolled steel sections and from

welded plate, the Section Factor for passive protection system

is calculated as:

Section factor (m-1) = 1400/t

Where t = the thickness (mm) of the lower

steel web and applies for beams made

from all steel rolled sections and from

welded steel plate.

It should be noted that there are a number of conditions

attached to the use of this calculation method, which are

detailed in the ASFP “Yellow Book” publication.

Individual protection products, normally quite similar in

performance when compared on the basis of rolled steel

sections, may require radically different thicknesses for the

same cellular beam.

Structural Hollow Section

The same thickness of board materials can be used on square,

rectangular and circular hollow sections as on ‘I’ sections of

the same Hp/A value.

Bracing

Bracing is included in a structure to give resistance to wind

forces and provide overall stiffness. Masonry walls and steel

cladding contribute to a structure’s rigidity but these are

rarely taken into account in design. Also, the probability of a

major fire occurrence concurrent with maximum wind load is

remote (see BS 5950: Part 8). It seems unreasonable therefore

to apply the 550°C steel temperature criteria to bracing. While

each case must be judged on individual merits, protection to

bracing is generally not necessary, but where it is required the

Hp/A value of the bracing section or 200m-1^ should be used,

whichever is the lesser.

Lattice Members

As the determination of the protection necessary to protect

lattice members requires broad consideration of the lattice

design, please consult Promat concerning such steel sections.

Partially Exposed Members

Where columns or beams are partly built into or are in close

contact with walls or floors, the protection afforded to the

steelwork by the wall or floor should be taken into account. In

those instances where the steel section sits within or against

masonry or concrete constructions, this will give protection to

the adjacent surface of the steelwork. Thus, for the purpose of

determining the heated perimeter (Hp), this should be taken

as only that part of the steel section which is exposed. It should

be noted that where the steelwork penetrates both sides of a

fire resisting construction, e.g. a wall protruding into a space

which has an open end, simultaneous attack from fire on both

sides may occur on columns partially exposed within the wall.

In such an instance, the section factor should be calculated

based upon the sum of the areas exposed to fire on either

side of the wall and the total volume of the steel section.

Note that separating elements are generally required to offer a

performance including the insulation criteria of 140°C or 180°C.

Therefore, where a steel section passes through a separating

element and is exposed on both sides, consideration must

also be given to providing sufficient protection not only to

maintain the temperature of the steel section below 550°C

but also to ensure the surface temperature on the unexposed

face does not exceed the 140°C or 180°C insulation criteria

of the separating element. Due allowance for any expected

building movement should also be considered.

External Lightweight Walls

Where the structural elements form portal legs supporting a

lightweight external wall, the insulation performance required

of the wall may contribute to the protection of any column

flange falling within the thickness of the wall. In such cases,

please consult Promat to confirm the board thickness and

which areas of such columns should be protected.

Internal Lightweight Partitions/Walls

Where a column or beam is built into a fire resistant lightweight

wall or partition, the protection to the steelwork can generally

be designed on the assumption that only one side of the wall

or partition will be exposed to fire at any one time. The wall or

partition should be adequately secured to the column in such

a way as to ensure the wall or partition will not apply stress on

the protection encasement. Due allowance for any expected

building movement should be considered.

Floors

Where beams are wholly within the cavity of a timber floor

protected by a PROMATECT®-H ceiling, test evidence shows

that the cavity air temperature of the floor is such that the

beam will be adequately protected to the same fire resistance

by the ceiling that protects the floor. Where the beam is

wholly or partly below the line of the PROMATECT®-H ceiling

then Hp should be based upon the portion of the steel beam

that is below ceiling level.

Beams Supporting Composite Floors With Profiled Metal

Decking

A series of fire resistance tests has demonstrated that it

is not always necessary to fill the void formed between the

top flange of a beam and the underside of a profiled steel

deck. Recommendations based on the research have been

published by the Steel Construction Institute (UK) and for

decks running perpendicular to the beams, are as follows:

Dovetail Decks

Voids may be left unfilled for all fire resistance period, unless

a fire resisting wall or partition is located beneath the beam.

Trapezoidal Decks

Generally, voids may be left unfilled for up to 60 minutes fire

resistance. Also, for 90 minutes if the board thickness used

is appropriate for the Hp/A + 15%. Care should be taken to

ensure that if the voids are unfilled, the main encasement will

need to be adequately secured. For periods over 90 minutes

the voids should be filled.

In all instances, voids should also be filled if a fire wall is

located beneath the beam, for all fire resistance periods.

These recommendations apply to board encasements.

The trapezoidal steel deck slab should be designed to act

structurally with the beam. If this is not the case, the voids

should be filled for all fire resistance periods.

Calculation W/D

In the ASTM (US) they use a similar concept to calculate the

section factor (W/D), but they use different parameters to

show the relationship between exposed surface and weight.

W/D is used in ASTM (US) for only H-section and Angle section.

Calculation of W/D is based on the ratio between weight and

heated perimeter surface.

W = Weight per linear foot (lb) D Heated perimeter (inch)

Visual 1 - full exposed beam (not boxed)

General Guidelines

B D B B B B

D

D

D

D

D

d

Various Box Protection

Protection configurations with values of perimeter Hp for use in the calculation of section factor Hp/A (A/V)

Steel section Box protection Universal beams, universal columns and joists (plain and castellated) Hp Four sides 2B + 2D Three sides B + 2D Three sides (partially exposed) B + 2d Two sides B + D One side (partially exposed) B Structural and rolled tees Hp Four sides 2B + 2D Three sides (flange to soffit) B + 2D Three sides (toe of web to soffit) B + 2D Angles Hp Four sides 2B + 2D Three sides (flange to soffit) B + 2D Three sides (toe of flange soffit) B + 2D Channels Hp Four sides 2B + 2D Three sides (web to soffit) 2B + D Three sides (flange to soffit) B + 2D Square or rectangular hollow sections Hp Four sides 2B + 2D Three sides B + 2D Circular hollow sections Hp Four sides pD NOTE: The air space created in boxing a circular section improves the insulation and the value of Hp/A. Therefore, Hp higher than profile protection (p) would be anomalous. Hence, Hp is taken as the circumference of the circular section and not 4D.

Following is an example of calculation for a universal beam section using box protection of 305mm x 305mm x 240kg/m serial

size to be encased on three or four sides when A = 305.6cm², B = 317.9mm, D = 352.6mm, t = 23mm.

Four sided box protection: Hp = 2B + 2D Three sided box protection: Hp = B + 2D

= (2 x 317.9) + (2 x 352.6) = 317.9 + (2 x 352.6)

= 1341mm (1.341m) = 1023.1mm (1.023m)

Hp/A = 1.341 ÷ 0.03056 Hp/A = 1.023 ÷ 0.

= 43.9m-1^ = 33.5m-

The above calculated values are approximate in that radii at corners and roots of all sections are ignored. In these figures,

Hp/A = A/V.

Calculation of Section Factor (Hp/A)

B

D t B B B B

D

D

D

D

D

t t t

d

Various Profile Protection

Protection configurations with values of perimeter Hp for use in the calculation of section factor Hp/A (A/V)

Steel section Profile protection Universal beams, universal columns and joists (plain and castellated) Hp Four sides 2B + 2D + 2(B - t) = 4B + 2D - 2t Three sides B + 2D + 2(B - t) = 3B + 2D - 2t Three sides (partially exposed) B + 2d + (B - t) = 2B + 2d - t Two sides B + D + 2(B - t)/ = 2B + D - t One side (partially exposed) B Structural and rolled tees Hp Four sides 2B + 2D Three sides (flange to soffit) B + 2D Three sides (toe of web to soffit) B + 2D + (B - t) = 2B + 2D -t Angles Hp Four sides 2B + 2D Three sides (flange to soffit) B + 2D Three sides (toe of flange soffit) B + 2D + (B - t) = 2B + 2D - t Channels Hp Four sides 2B + 2D + 2(B - t) = 4B + 2D - 2t Three sides (web to soffit) 2B + D + 2(B - t) = 4B + D - 2t Three sides (flange to soffit) B + 2D + 2(B - t) = 3B + 2D - 2t Square or rectangular hollow sections Hp Four sides 2B + 2D Three sides B + 2D Circular hollow sections Hp Four sides pD Following is an example of calculation for a universal beam section using profile protection of 305mm x 305mm x 240kg/m serial size to be encased on three or four sides when A = 305.6cm², B = 317.9mm, D = 352.6mm, t = 23mm. Four sided profile protection: Hp = 4B + 2D - 2t Three sided profile protection: Hp = 3B + 2D - 2t = (4 x 317.9) + (2 x 352.6) - (2 x 23) = (3 x 317.9) + (2 x 352.6) - = 1930.8mm (1.931m) (2 x 23) = 1612.9mm (1.613m) Hp/A = 1.931 ÷ 0.03056 Hp/A = 1.613 ÷ 0. = 63.1m-1^ = 52.8m- The above calculated values are approximate in that radii at corners and roots of all sections are ignored. In these figures, Hp/A = A/V. Calculation of Section Factor (Hp/A)

Table 1. European I Beams (IPE Section) Dimensions: IPE 80 - 600 in accordance with former standard EU 19-57, IPE AA 80-500, IPE A 80-600,

IPE O 180-600 and IPE 750 in accordance with AM

Designation (^) Depth of section D (mm) Width of section B (mm) Thickness (^) Area of section (cm²) Profile protection Box protection Serial size (mm) Mass (kg/m) Web t (mm) Flange T (mm) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D IPE A 80 5.0 78 46 3.3 4.2 6.38 437 0.31 509 0.26 317 0.42 389 0. IPE A 550 92.1 547 210 9 15.7 117 142 0.94 160 0.84 111 1.21 129 1. IPE A 600 108.0 597 220 9.8 17.5 137 131 1.02 147 0.91 103 1.30 119 1. IPE AA 100 6.7 97.6 55 3.6 4.5 8.56 398 0.34 463 0.29 292 0.46 357 0. IPE AA 120 8.4 117 64 3.8 4.8 10.65 382 0.35 442 0.30 280 0.48 340 0. IPE AA 140 10.1 136.6 73 3.8 5.2 12.81 369 0.36 426 0.31 270 0.50 327 0. IPE AA 160 12.1 156.4 82 4 5.6 15.4 350 0.38 403 0.33 256 0.52 309 0. IPE AA 180 14.9 176.4 91 4.3 6.2 19.03 316 0.42 364 0.37 233 0.57 281 0. IPE AA 200 18.0 196.4 100 4.5 6.7 22.87 290 0.46 334 0.40 215 0.62 259 0. IPE AA 220 21.2 216.4 110 4.7 7.4 26.99 271 0.49 312 0.43 201 0.67 242 0. IPE AA 240 24.9 236.4 120 4.8 8 31.71 251 0.53 289 0.46 187 0.72 225 0. IPE O 180 21.3 182 92 6 9 27.1 226 0.59 260 0.52 168 0.80 202 0. IPE O 200 25.1 202 102 6.2 9.5 32 212 0.63 244 0.55 158 0.85 190 0. IPE O 220 29.4 222 112 6.6 10.2 37.4 200 0.67 230 0.58 149 0.90 179 0. IPE O 240 34.3 242 122 7 10.8 43.7 185 0.72 213 0.63 139 0.96 167 0. IPE O 270 42.3 274 136 7.5 12.2 53.8 170 0.79 195 0.69 127 1.05 152 0. IPE O 300 49.3 304 152 8 12.7 62.8 163 0.82 187 0.72 121 1.11 145 0. IPE O 330 57.0 334 162 8.5 13.5 72.6 152 0.88 175 0.77 114 1.18 137 0. IPE O 360 66.0 364 172 9.2 14.7 84.1 142 0.94 162 0.83 107 1.25 127 1. IPE O 400 75.7 404 182 9.7 15.5 96.4 135 0.99 154 0.87 103 1.30 122 1. IPE O 450 92.4 456 192 11 17.6 118 122 1.10 138 0.97 94 1.43 110 1. IPE O 500 107.0 506 202 12 19 137 114 1.18 129 1.04 89 1.51 104 1. IPE O 550 123.0 556 212 12.7 20.2 156 108 1.24 121 1.11 85 1.58 98 1. IPE O 600 154.0 610 224 15 24 197 93 1.44 104 1.29 73 1.84 85 1. Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & W/D) B D T Three sides Profile protection Four sides Three sides Box protection Four sides t

Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & W/D) Table 2. European I Beams (IPN Section)

Dimensions: IPN 80 - IPN 550 DIN 1025-1: 1995, NF A 45-209: 1983, IPN 600 DIN 1025-1: 1963

Designation Depth of section D (mm) Width of section B (mm) Thickness Area of section (cm²) Profile protection Box protection Serial size (mm) Mass (kg/m) Web t (mm) Flange T (mm) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D IPN 80 5.9 80 42 3.9 5.9 7.57 346 0.39 401 0.33 266 0.50 322 0. IPN 100 8.3 100 50 4.5 6.8 10.6 302 0.44 349 0.38 236 0.57 283 0. IPN 120 11.1 120 58 5.1 7.7 14.2 268 0.50 309 0.43 210 0.64 251 0. IPN 140 14.3 140 66 5.7 8.6 18.2 238 0.56 274 0.49 189 0.71 225 0. IPN 160 17.9 160 74 6.3 9.5 22.8 220 0.61 252 0.53 173 0.77 205 0. IPN 180 21.9 180 82 6.9 10.4 27.9 200 0.67 229 0.59 158 0.85 188 0. IPN 200 26.2 200 90 7.5 11.3 33.4 185 0.72 212 0.63 147 0.91 174 0. IPN 220 31.1 220 98 8.1 12.2 39.5 171 0.78 196 0.68 136 0.99 161 0. IPN 240 36.2 240 106 8.7 13.1 46.1 160 0.84 183 0.73 127 1.05 150 0. IPN 260 41.9 260 113 9.4 14.1 53.3 149 0.90 170 0.79 119 1.13 140 0. IPN 280 47.9 280 119 10.1 15.2 61 139 0.96 158 0.85 111 1.21 131 1. IPN 300 54.2 300 125 10.8 16.2 69 131 1.02 149 0.90 105 1.28 123 1. IPN 320 61.0 320 131 11.5 17.3 77.7 123 1.09 140 0.96 99 1.35 116 1. IPN 340 68.0 340 137 12.2 18.3 86.7 117 1.15 133 1.01 94 1.43 110 1. IPN 360 76.1 360 143 13 19.5 97 110 1.22 125 1.07 89 1.51 104 1. IPN 380 84.0 380 149 13.7 20.5 107 105 1.28 119 1.13 85 1.58 99 1. IPN 400 92.4 400 155 14.4 21.6 118 100 1.34 113 1.19 81 1.65 94 1. IPN 450 115.0 450 170 16.2 24.3 147 89 1.51 101 1.33 73 1.84 84 1. IPN 500 141.0 500 185 18 27 179 81 1.65 91 1.47 66 2.03 77 1. IPN 550 166.0 550 200 19 30 212 75 1.79 85 1.58 61 2.20 71 1. IPN 600 199.0 600 215 21.6 32.4 254 68 1.97 76 1.76 56 2.39 64 2.

B

D

T Three sides Profile protection Four sides Three sides Box protection Four sides t

Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & W/D)

Continue next page

Table 3. European Flange Beams (HE Section)

Dimensions: HE A, HE B & HE M 100-1000 in accordance with former standard EU 53-62; HE 1000 with

6 THE > 6THEM in accordance with ASTM A 6/A 6M-07 HE C in accordance with PN=H 93452: 2005; HE AA

100-1000 in accordacne with AM standard

Designation Depth of section D (mm) Width of section B (mm) Thickness Area of section (cm²) Profile protection Box protection Serial size (mm) (^) (kg/m)Mass t (mm)^ Web T (mm)^ Flange 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D HE 240 A 60.3 230 240 7.5 12 76.8 147 0.91 178 0.75 91 1.47 122 1. HE 240 B 83.2 240 240 10 17 106 108 1.24 131 1.02 68 1.97 91 1. HE 240 C 119.466 255 244 14 24.5 152.2 77 1.73 93 1.43 50 2.70 66 2. HE 240 M 157 270 248 18 32 199.6 61 2.20 73 1.84 39 3.44 52 2. HE 260 AA 54.1 244 260 6.5 9.5 69 176 0.76 214 0.63 108 1.24 146 0. HE 260 A 68.2 250 260 7.5 12.5 86.8 141 0.95 171 0.78 88 1.52 117 1. HE 260 B 93 260 260 10 17.5 118.4 105 1.28 127 1.05 66 2.03 88 1. HE 260 C 132.2 275 264 14 25 168.4 76 1.77 91 1.47 48 2.77 64 2. HE 260 M 172 290 268 18 32.5 219.6 59 2.27 72 1.86 39 3.44 51 2. HE 280 AA 61.2 264 280 7 10 78 168 0.80 204 0.66 104 1.29 139 0. HE 280 A 76.4 270 280 8 13 97.3 136 0.99 165 0.81 84 1.60 113 1. HE 280 B 103 280 280 10.5 18 131.4 102 1.31 123 1.09 64 2.09 85 1. HE 280 C 145.3 295 284 14.5 25.5 185.2 74 1.81 89 1.50 47 2.84 63 2. HE 280 M 189 310 288 18.5 33 240.2 59 2.27 71 1.89 38 3.53 50 2. HE 300 AA 69.8 283 300 7.5 10.5 88.9 158 0.85 192 0.70 97 1.38 131 1. HE 300 A 88.3 290 300 8.5 14 112.5 126 1.06 153 0.88 78 1.72 105 1. HE 300 B 117 300 300 11 19 149.1 96 1.40 116 1.16 60 2.23 80 1. HE 300 C 177 320 305 16 29 225.1 66 2.04 79 1.69 42 3.19 56 2. HE 300 M 238 340 310 21 39 303.1 50 2.68 60 2.23 33 4.06 43 3. HE 320 AA 74.2 301 300 8 11 94.6 152 0.88 184 0.73 95 1.41 127 1. HE 320 A 97.6 310 300 9 15.5 124.4 117 1.15 141 0.95 74 1.81 98 1. HE 320 B 127 320 300 11.5 20.5 161.3 91 1.47 110 1.22 58 2.31 77 1. HE 320 C 186 340 305 16 30.5 236.9 64 2.09 77 1.74 42 3.22 54 2. HE 320 M 245 359 309 21 40 312 50 2.68 60 2.23 33 4.06 43 3. HE 340 AA 78.9 320 300 8.5 11.5 100.5 147 0.91 177 0.76 94 1.43 123 1. HE 340 A 105 330 300 9.5 16.5 133.5 112 1.20 134 1.00 72 1.86 94 1. HE 340 B 134 340 300 12 21.5 170.9 88 1.52 106 1.26 57 2.35 75 1. HE 340 M 248 377 309 21 40 315.8 50 2.68 60 2.23 34 3.94 43 3. HE 360 AA 83.7 339 300 9 12 106.6 142 0.94 170 0.79 92 1.46 120 1. HE 360 A 112 350 300 10 17.5 142.8 107 1.25 128 1.05 70 1.91 91 1. HE 360 B 142 360 300 12.5 22.5 180.6 86 1.56 102 1.31 56 2.39 73 1. HE 360 M 250 395 308 21 40 318.8 51 2.63 61 2.20 34 3.94 44 3. HE 400 AA 92.4 378 300 9.5 13 117.7 135 0.99 161 0.83 90 1.49 115 1. HE 400 A 125 390 300 11 19 159 101 1.33 120 1.12 68 1.97 87 1. HE 400 B 155 400 300 13.5 24 197.8 82 1.63 97 1.38 56 2.39 71 1. HE 400 M 256 432 307 21 40 325.8 52 2.58 62 2.16 36 3.72 45 2.

B

D

T Three sides Profile protection Four sides Three sides Box protection Four sides t

Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & W/D)

Continue next page

Table 3. European Flange Beams (HE Section)

Dimensions: HE A, HE B & HE M 100-1000 in accordance with former standard EU 53-62; HE 1000 with

6 THE > 6THEM in accordance with ASTM A 6/A 6M-07 HE C in accordance with PN=H 93452: 2005; HE AA

100-1000 in accordacne with AM standard

Designation Depth of section D (mm) Width of section B (mm) Thickness Area of section (cm²) Profile protection Box protection Serial size (mm) (^) (kg/m)Mass t (mm)^ Web^ Flange T (mm) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D HE 450 AA 99.7 425 300 10 13.5 127.1 133 1.01 156 0.86 91 1.47 114 1. HE 450 A 140 440 300 11.5 21 178 96 1.40 113 1.19 66 2.03 83 1. HE 450 B 171 450 300 14 26 218 79 1.70 93 1.44 55 2.44 69 1. HE 450 M 263 478 307 21 40 335.4 53 2.53 62 2.16 38 3.53 47 2. HE 500 AA 107 472 300 10.5 14 136.9 130 1.03 152 0.88 91 1.47 113 1. HE 500 A 155 490 300 12 23 197.5 92 1.46 107 1.25 65 2.06 80 1. HE 500 B 187 500 300 14.5 28 238.6 76 1.76 89 1.51 54 2.48 67 2. HE 500 M 270 524 306 21 40 344.3 55 2.44 63 2.13 39 3.44 48 2. HE 550 AA 120 522 300 11.5 15 152.8 123 1.09 142 0.94 88 1.52 108 1. HE 550 A 166 540 300 12.5 24 211.8 90 1.49 104 1.29 65 2.06 79 1. HE 550 B 199 550 300 15 29 254.1 76 1.76 88 1.52 55 2.44 67 2. HE 550 M 278 572 306 21 40 354.4 56 2.39 64 2.09 41 3.27 50 2. HE 600 AA 129 571 300 12 15.5 164.1 120 1.12 138 0.97 88 1.52 106 1. HE 600 A 178 590 300 13 25 226.5 89 1.51 102 1.31 65 2.06 79 1. HE 600 B 212 600 300 15.5 30 270 75 1.79 86 1.56 56 2.39 67 2. HE 600 M 285 620 305 21 40 363.7 57 2.35 65 2.06 42 3.19 51 2. HE 600 x 337 337 632 310 25.5 46 429.2 49 2.73 56 2.39 37 3.62 44 3. HE 600 x 399 399 648 315 30 54 508.5 42 3.19 48 2.79 32 4.19 38 3. HE 650 AA 138 620 300 12.5 16 175.8 118 1.14 135 0.99 88 1.52 105 1. HE 650 A 190 640 300 13.5 26 241.6 87 1.54 100 1.34 65 2.06 78 1. HE 650 B 225 650 300 16 31 286.3 74 1.81 85 1.58 56 2.39 66 2. HE 650 M 293 668 305 21 40 373.7 58 2.31 66 2.03 44 3.05 52 2. HE 650 x 343 343 680 309 25 46 437.5 50 2.68 57 2.35 38 3.53 45 2. HE 650 x 407 407 696 314 29.5 54 518.8 43 3.12 49 2.73 33 4.06 39 3. HE 700 AA 150 670 300 13 17 190.9 114 1.18 129 1.04 86 1.56 102 1. HE 700 A 204 690 300 14.5 27 260.5 85 1.58 96 1.40 64 2.09 76 1. HE 700 B 241 700 300 17 32 306.4 72 1.86 82 1.63 55 2.44 65 2. HE 700 M 301 716 304 21 40 383 59 2.27 67 2.00 45 2.98 53 2. HE 700 x 352 352 728 308 25 46 448.6 51 2.63 58 2.31 39 3.44 46 2. HE 700 x 418 418 744 313 29.5 54 531.9 44 3.05 50 2.68 34 3.94 40 3. HE 800 AA 172 770 300 14 18 218.5 108 1.24 122 1.10 84 1.60 98 1. HE 800 A 224 790 300 15 28 285.8 84 1.60 94 1.43 66 2.03 76 1. HE 800 B 262 800 300 17.5 33 334.2 72 1.86 81 1.65 57 2.35 66 2. HE 800 M 317 814 303 21 40 404.3 60 2.23 68 1.97 48 2.79 55 2. HE 800 x 373 373 826 308 25 46 474.6 52 2.58 59 2.27 41 3.27 48 2. HE 800 x 444 444 842 313 30 54 566 44 3.05 50 2.68 35 3.83 41 3.

B

D

T Three sides Profile protection Four sides Three sides Box protection Four sides t

Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & W/D) Table 4. Universal Beams (UB Section)

Dimensions: BS 4-1: 2005 UB 127-914, ASTM A 6/A 6M-07 UB 1016

Designation Depth of section D (mm) Width of section B (mm) Thickness Area of section (cm²) Profile protection Box protection Serial size (mm) (^) (kg/m)Mass t (mm)^ Web^ Flange T (mm) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D UB 254 x 102 x 22 22.0 254.0 101.6 5.7 6.8 28.02 281 0.48 318 0.42 218 0.61 254 0. UB 254 x 102 x 25 25.2 257.2 101.9 6.0 8.4 32.04 248 0.54 280 0.48 192 0.70 224 0. UB 254 x 102 x 28 28.3 260.4 102.2 6.3 10.0 36.08 222 0.60 251 0.53 173 0.77 201 0. UB 254 x 146 x 31 31.1 251.4 146.1 6.0 8.6 39.68 231 0.58 268 0.50 164 0.82 200 0. UB 254 x 146 x 37 37.0 256.0 146.4 6.3 10.9 47.17 196 0.68 227 0.59 140 0.96 171 0. UB 254 x 146 x 43 43.0 259.6 147.3 7.2 12.7 54.77 170 0.79 197 0.68 122 1.10 149 0. UB 305 x 102 x 25 24.8 305.1 101.6 5.8 7.0 31.60 282 0.48 314 0.43 225 0.60 257 0. UB 305 x 102 x 28 28.2 308.7 101.8 6.0 8.8 35.88 250 0.54 279 0.48 200 0.67 229 0. UB 305 x 102 x 33 32.8 312.7 102.4 6.6 10.8 41.83 217 0.62 241 0.56 174 0.77 198 0. UB 305 x 127 x 37 37.0 304.4 123.4 7.1 10.7 47.18 201 0.67 227 0.59 155 0.86 181 0. UB 305 x 127 x 42 41.9 307.2 124.3 8.0 12.1 53.40 179 0.75 202 0.66 138 0.97 162 0. UB 305 x 127 x 48 48.1 311.0 125.3 9.0 14.0 61.23 158 0.85 178 0.75 122 1.10 143 0. UB 305 x 165 x 40 40.3 303.4 165.0 6.0 10.2 51.32 209 0.64 242 0.55 150 0.89 183 0. UB 305 x 165 x 46 46.1 306.6 165.7 6.7 11.8 58.75 184 0.73 212 0.63 133 1.01 161 0. UB 305 x 165 x 54 54.0 310.4 166.9 7.9 13.7 68.77 159 0.84 183 0.73 115 1.17 139 0. UB 356 x 127 x 33 33.1 349.0 125.4 6.0 8.5 42.13 248 0.54 278 0.48 195 0.69 225 0. UB 356 x 127 x 39 39.1 353.4 126.0 6.6 10.7 49.77 212 0.63 237 0.57 167 0.80 193 0. UB 356 x 171 x 45 45.0 351.4 171.1 7.0 9.7 57.33 207 0.65 236 0.57 152 0.88 182 0. UB 356 x 171 x 51 51.0 355.0 171.5 7.4 11.5 64.91 184 0.73 210 0.64 136 0.99 162 0. UB 356 x 171 x 57 57.0 358.0 172.2 8.1 13.0 72.56 165 0.81 189 0.71 122 1.10 146 0. UB 356 x 171 x 67 67.1 363.4 173.2 9.1 15.7 85.49 142 0.94 162 0.83 105 1.28 126 1. UB 406 x 140 x 39 39.0 398.0 141.8 6.4 8.6 49.65 240 0.56 268 0.50 189 0.71 217 0. UB 406 x 140 x 46 46.0 403.2 142.2 6.8 11.2 58.64 205 0.65 229 0.59 162 0.83 186 0. UB 406 x 178 x 54 54.1 402.6 177.7 7.7 10.9 68.95 189 0.71 215 0.62 143 0.94 168 0. UB 406 x 178 x 60 60.1 406.4 177.9 7.9 12.8 76.52 172 0.78 195 0.69 129 1.04 153 0. UB 406 x 178 x 67 67.1 409.4 178.8 8.8 14.3 85.54 154 0.87 175 0.77 117 1.15 138 0. UB 406 x 178 x 74 74.2 412.8 179.5 9.5 16.0 94.51 140 0.96 159 0.84 106 1.26 125 1. UB 457 x 152 x 52 52.3 449.8 152.4 7.6 10.9 66.64 199 0.67 222 0.60 158 0.85 181 0. UB 457 x 152 x 60 59.8 454.6 152.9 8.1 13.3 76.23 175 0.77 195 0.69 139 0.96 159 0. UB 457 x 152 x 67 67.2 458.0 153.8 9.0 15.0 85.55 157 0.85 175 0.77 125 1.07 143 0. UB 457 x 152 x 74 74.2 462.0 154.4 9.6 17.0 94.48 143 0.94 159 0.84 114 1.18 130 1. UB 457 x 152 x 82 82.1 465.8 155.3 10.5 18.9 104.50 130 1.03 145 0.92 104 1.29 119 1. UB 457 x 191 x 67 67.1 453.4 189.9 8.5 12.7 85.51 169 0.79 191 0.70 128 1.05 150 0. UB 457 x 191 x 74 74.3 457.0 190.4 9.0 14.5 94.63 153 0.88 173 0.77 117 1.15 137 0. UB 457 x 191 x 82 82.0 460.0 191.3 9.9 16.0 104.50 139 0.96 158 0.85 106 1.26 125 1. UB 457 x 191 x 89 89.3 463.4 191.9 10.5 17.7 113.80 129 1.04 146 0.92 98 1.37 115 1. UB 457 x 191 x 98 98.3 467.2 192.8 11.4 19.6 125.30 118 1.14 133 1.01 90 1.49 105 1. UB 533 x 210 x 82 82.2 528.3 208.8 9.6 13.2 104.70 157 0.85 177 0.76 121 1.11 141 0.

B

D

T Three sides Profile protection Four sides Three sides Box protection Four sides t

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Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & W/D) Table 4. Universal Beams (UB Section)

Dimensions: BS 4-1: 2005 UB 127-914, ASTM A 6/A 6M-07 UB 1016

Designation Depth of section D (mm) Width of section B (mm) Thickness Area of section (cm²) Profile protection Box protection Serial size (mm) (^) (kg/m)Mass t (mm)^ Web^ Flange T (mm) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D UB 533 x 210 x 92 92.1 533.1 209.3 10.1 15.6 117.40 141 0.95 159 0.84 109 1.23 126 1. UB 533 x 210 x 101 101.0 536.7 210.0 10.8 17.4 128.70 129 1.04 145 0.92 100 1.34 116 1. UB 533 x 210 x 109 109.0 539.5 210.8 11.6 18.8 138.90 120 1.12 135 0.99 93 1.44 108 1. UB 533 x 210 x 122 122.0 544.5 211.9 12.7 21.3 155.40 108 1.24 122 1.10 84 1.60 97 1. UB 610 x 229 x 101 101.2 602.6 227.6 10.5 14.8 128.90 143 0.94 161 0.83 111 1.21 129 1. UB 610 x 229 x 113 113.0 607.6 228.2 11.1 17.3 143.90 129 1.04 145 0.92 100 1.34 116 1. UB 610 x 229 x 125 125.1 612.2 229.0 11.9 19.6 159.30 117 1.15 131 1.02 91 1.47 106 1. UB 610 x 229 x 140 139.9 617.2 230.2 13.1 22.1 178.20 105 1.28 118 1.14 82 1.63 95 1. UB 610 x 305 x 149 149.1 612.4 304.8 11.8 19.7 190.00 110 1.22 126 1.06 80 1.67 97 1. UB 610 x 305 x 179 179.0 620.2 307.1 14.1 23.6 228.10 92 1.46 106 1.26 68 1.97 81 1. UB 610 x 305 x 238 238.1 635.8 311.4 18.4 31.4 303.30 71 1.89 81 1.65 52 2.58 62 2. UB 686 x 254 x 125 125.2 677.9 253.0 11.7 16.2 159.50 130 1.03 145 0.92 101 1.33 117 1. UB 686 x 254 x 140 140.1 683.5 253.7 12.4 19.0 178.40 116 1.16 131 1.02 91 1.47 105 1. UB 686 x 254 x 152 152.4 687.5 254.5 13.2 21.0 194.10 107 1.25 121 1.11 84 1.60 97 1. UB 686 x 254 x 170 170.2 692.9 255.8 14.5 23.7 216.80 97 1.38 109 1.23 76 1.76 88 1. UB 762 x 267 x 147 146.9 754.0 265.2 12.8 17.5 187.20 120 1.12 134 1.00 95 1.41 109 1. UB 762 x 267 x 173 173.0 762.2 266.7 14.3 21.6 220.40 103 1.30 115 1.17 81 1.65 93 1. UB 762 x 267 x 197 196.8 769.8 268.0 15.6 25.4 250.60 91 1.47 102 1.31 72 1.86 83 1. UB 838 x 292 x 176 175.9 834.9 291.7 14.0 18.8 224.02 111 1.21 124 1.08 88 1.52 101 1. UB 838 x 292 x 194 193.8 840.7 292.4 14.7 21.7 246.80 101 1.33 113 1.19 80 1.67 92 1. UB 838 x 292 x 226 226.5 850.9 293.8 16.1 26.8 288.60 87 1.54 98 1.37 69 1.94 79 1. UB 914 x 305 x 201 200.9 903.0 303.3 15.1 20.2 255.90 104 1.29 116 1.16 82 1.63 94 1. UB 914 x 305 x 224 224.2 910.4 304.1 15.9 23.9 285.60 93 1.44 104 1.29 74 1.81 85 1. UB 914 x 305 x 253 253.4 918.4 305.5 17.3 27.9 322.80 83 1.61 93 1.44 66 2.03 76 1. UB 914 x 305 x 289 289.1 926.6 307.7 19.5 32.0 368.30 73 1.84 82 1.63 59 2.27 67 2. UB 914 x 419 x 343 343.3 911.8 418.5 19.4 32.0 437.30 69 1.94 78 1.72 51 2.63 61 2. UB 914 x 419 x 388 388.0 921.0 420.5 21.4 36.6 494.20 61 2.20 70 1.91 46 2.91 54 2. UB 1016 x 305 x 222 222.0 970.3 300.0 16.0 21.1 282.77 98 1.37 108 1.24 79 1.70 90 1. UB 1016 x 305 x 249 249.0 980.0 300.0 16.5 26.0 316.85 88 1.52 97 1.38 71 1.89 81 1. UB 1016 x 305 x 272 272.0 990.1 300.0 16.5 31.0 346.85 81 1.65 89 1.51 66 2.03 74 1. UB 1016 x 305 x 314 314.0 1000.0 300.0 19.1 35.9 400.41 70 1.91 78 1.72 58 2.31 65 2. UB 1016 x 305 x 350 350.0 1008.1 302.0 21.1 40.0 445.13 64 2.09 70 1.91 52 2.58 59 2. UB 1016 x 305 x 393 393.0 1016.0 303.0 24.4 43.9 500.24 57 2.35 63 2.13 47 2.85 53 2. UB 1016 x 305 x 415 415.0 1020.0 304.0 26.0 46.0 528.69 54 2.48 60 2.23 44 3.05 50 2. UB 1016 x 305 x 438 438.0 1026.0 305.0 26.9 49.0 556.26 51 2.63 57 2.35 42 3.19 48 2. UB 1016 x 305 x 494 494.0 1036.0 309.0 31.0 54.0 629.13 46 2.91 51 2.63 38 3.53 43 3. UB 1016 x 305 x 584 584.0 1056.0 314.0 36.0 64.0 743.73 39 3.44 44 3.05 33 4.06 37 3.

B

D

T Three sides Profile protection Four sides Three sides Box protection Four sides t

Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & W/D) Table 6. Universal Bearing Piles (UBP Section)

Dimensions: BS 4-1: 2005

Designation Depth of section D (mm) Width of section B (mm) Thickness Area of section (cm²) Profile protection Box protection Serial size (mm) (^) (kg/m)Mass t (mm)^ Web^ Flange T (mm) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D UBP 203 x 203 x 45 44.9 200.2 205.9 9.5 9.5 57.23 172 0.78 208 0.64 106 1.26 142 0. UBP 203 x 203 x 54 53.9 204.0 207.7 11.3 11.4 68.72 144 0.93 174 0.77 90 1.49 120 1. UBP 254 x 254 x 63 63.0 247.1 256.6 10.6 10.7 80.22 152 0.88 184 0.73 94 1.43 126 1. UBP 254 x 254 x 71 71.0 249.7 258.0 12.0 12.0 90.39 136 0.99 164 0.82 84 1.60 112 1. UBP 254 x 254 x 85 85.1 254.3 260.4 14.4 14.3 108.40 114 1.18 138 0.97 71 1.89 95 1. UBP 305 x 305 x 79 78.9 299.3 306.4 11.0 11.1 100.50 146 0.92 177 0.76 90 1.49 121 1. UBP 305 x 305 x 88 88.0 301.7 307.8 12.4 12.3 112.10 132 1.02 159 0.84 81 1.65 109 1. UBP 305 x 305 x 95 94.9 303.7 308.7 13.3 13.3 120.90 122 1.10 148 0.91 76 1.76 101 1. UBP 305 x 305 x 110 110.0 307.9 310.7 15.3 15.4 140.10 106 1.26 129 1.04 66 2.03 88 1. UBP 305 x 305 x 126 126.1 312.3 312.9 17.5 17.6 160.60 94 1.43 113 1.19 58 2.31 78 1. UBP 305 x 305 x 149 149.1 318.5 316.0 20.6 20.7 189.90 80 1.67 97 1.38 50 2.68 67 2. UBP 305 x 305 x 186 186.0 328.3 320.9 25.5 25.6 236.90 65 2.06 79 1.70 41 3.27 55 2. UBP 305 x 305 x 223 222.9 337.9 325.7 30.3 30.4 284.00 55 2.44 67 2.00 35 3.83 47 2. UBP 356 x 368 x 109 108.9 346.4 371.0 12.8 12.9 138.70 126 1.06 153 0.88 77 1.74 103 1. UBP 356 x 368 x 133 133.0 352.0 373.8 15.6 15.7 169.40 104 1.29 126 1.06 64 2.09 86 1. UBP 356 x 368 x 152 152.0 356.4 376.0 17.8 17.9 193.70 92 1.46 111 1.21 56 2.39 76 1. UBP 356 x 368 x 174 173.9 361.4 378.5 20.3 20.4 221.50 81 1.65 98 1.37 50 2.68 67 2. Table 7a. American Wide Flange Beams (W Section) - Imperial

Dimensions: ASTM A 6/A 6M - 07

Designation Depth of section D (mm) Width of section B (mm) Thickness Area of section (cm²) Profile protection Box protection Serial size (mm) (^) (kg/m)Mass t (mm)^ Web^ Flange T (mm) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D W 4 x 4 x 13 19.3 106.0 103.0 7.1 8.8 24.7 201 0.67 243 0.55 127 1.05 169 0. W 5 x 5 x 16 23.8 127.0 127.0 6.1 9.1 30.3 201 0.67 243 0.55 126 1.06 168 0. W 5 x 5 x 19 28.1 131.0 128.0 6.9 10.9 36.0 172 0.78 208 0.64 109 1.23 144 0. W 6 x 4 x 9 13.5 150.0 100.0 4.3 5.5 17.3 336 0.40 393 0.34 231 0.58 289 0. W 6 x 4 x 12 18.0 153.0 102.0 5.8 7.1 22.8 253 0.53 297 0.45 175 0.77 219 0. W 6 x 4 x 16 24.0 160.0 102.0 6.6 10.3 30.5 197 0.68 231 0.58 138 0.97 172 0. W 6 x 6 x 15 22.5 152.0 152.0 5.8 6.6 28.4 259 0.52 313 0.43 160 0.84 213 0.

B

D

T Three sides Profile protection Four sides Three sides Box protection Four sides t B D T Three sides Profile protection Four sides Three sides Box protection Four sides t

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Table 7a. American Wide Flange Beams (W Section) - Imperial

Dimensions: ASTM A 6/A 6M - 07

Designation Depth of section D (mm) Width of section B (mm) Thickness Area of section (cm²) Profile protection Box protection Serial size (mm) (^) (kg/m)Mass t (mm)^ Web^ Flange T (mm) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) 3 sides (m-1) 4 sides (m-1) Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D Hp/A W/D W 6 x 6 x 20 29.8 157.0 153.0 6.6 9.3 37.9 198 0.68 238 0.56 123 1.09 164 0. W 6 x 6 x 25 37.1 162.0 154.0 8.1 11.6 47.3 160 0.84 193 0.69 101 1.33 134 1. W 8 x 4 x 10 15.0 200.0 100.0 4.3 5.2 19.1 354 0.38 406 0.33 261 0.51 313 0. W 8 x 4 x 13 19.3 203.0 102.0 5.8 6.5 24.8 276 0.49 317 0.42 204 0.66 245 0. W 8 x 4 x 15 22.5 206.0 102.0 6.2 8.0 28.6 241 0.56 277 0.48 179 0.75 215 0. W 8 x 5.25 x 14 21.4 203.0 134.0 5.0 6.4 27.2 288 0.47 338 0.40 199 0.67 248 0. W 8 x 5.25 x 18 26.6 207.0 133.0 5.8 8.4 33.9 232 0.58 271 0.49 161 0.83 200 0. W 8 x 5.25 x 21 31.3 210.0 134.0 6.4 10.2 40.0 199 0.67 233 0.58 139 0.96 172 0. W 8 x 6.5 x 24 35.9 201.0 165.0 6.2 10.2 45.7 190 0.71 226 0.59 124 1.08 160 0. W 8 x 6.5 x 28 41.7 205.0 166.0 7.2 11.8 53.1 165 0.81 196 0.68 108 1.24 140 0. W 8 x 8 x 31 46.1 203.0 203.0 7.2 11.0 58.6 168 0.80 202 0.66 104 1.29 139 0. W 8 x 8 x 35 52.0 206.0 204.0 7.9 12.6 66.5 149 0.90 180 0.74 93 1.44 123 1. W 8 x 8 x 40 59.0 210.0 205.0 9.1 14.2 75.6 132 1.02 159 0.84 83 1.61 110 1. W 8 x 8 x 48 71.0 216.0 206.0 10.2 17.4 91.0 111 1.21 134 1.00 70 1.91 93 1. W 8 x 8 x 58 86.0 222.0 209.0 13.0 20.6 110.5 93 1.44 112 1.20 59 2.27 78 1. W 8 x 8 x 67 100.0 229.0 210.0 14.5 23.7 126.7 82 1.63 99 1.35 53 2.53 69 1. W 10 x 4 x 12 17.9 251.0 101.0 4.8 5.3 22.8 342 0.39 386 0.35 264 0.51 308 0. W 10 x 4 x 15 22.3 254.0 102.0 5.8 6.9 28.6 275 0.49 311 0.43 213 0.63 248 0. W 10 x 4 x 17 25.3 257.0 102.0 6.1 8.4 32.3 246 0.54 277 0.48 190 0.71 222 0. W 10 x 4 x 19 28.4 260.0 102.0 6.4 10.0 36.3 221 0.61 249 0.54 172 0.78 200 0. W 10 x 5.75 x 22 32.7 258.0 146.0 6.1 9.1 41.7 222 0.60 257 0.52 159 0.84 194 0. W 10 x 5.75 x 26 38.5 262.0 147.0 6.6 11.2 49.3 190 0.71 220 0.61 136 0.99 166 0. W 10 x 5.75 x 30 44.8 266.0 148.0 7.6 13.0 57.3 165 0.81 191 0.70 119 1.13 144 0. W 10 x 8 x 33 49.1 247.0 202.0 7.4 11.0 62.5 169 0.79 201 0.67 111 1.21 144 0. W 10 x 8 x 39 58.0 252.0 203.0 8.0 13.5 74.3 145 0.92 172 0.78 95 1.41 123 1. W 10 x 8 x 45 67.0 257.0 204.0 8.9 15.7 85.6 127 1.05 151 0.89 84 1.60 108 1. W 10 x 10 x 49 73.0 253.0 254.0 8.6 14.2 92.9 132 1.02 159 0.84 82 1.63 109 1. W 10 x 10 x 54 80.0 256.0 255.0 9.4 15.6 102.1 121 1.11 146 0.92 75 1.79 100 1. W 10 x 10 x 60 89.0 260.0 256.0 10.7 17.3 114.1 109 1.23 132 1.02 68 1.97 90 1. W 10 x 10 x 68 101.0 264.0 257.0 11.9 19.6 128.9 97 1.38 117 1.15 61 2.20 81 1. W 10 x 10 x 77 115.0 269.0 259.0 13.5 22.1 146.3 87 1.54 104 1.29 55 2.44 72 1. W 10 x 10 x 88 131.0 275.0 261.0 15.4 25.1 167.1 77 1.74 92 1.46 49 2.73 64 2. W 10 x 10 x 100 149.0 282.0 263.0 17.3 28.4 189.8 68 1.97 82 1.63 44 3.05 57 2. W 10 x 10 x 112 167.0 289.0 265.0 19.2 31.8 213.3 62 2.16 74 1.81 40 3.35 52 2. W 12 x 4 x 14 21.0 303.0 101.0 5.1 5.7 26.9 329 0.41 367 0.37 263 0.51 301 0. W 12 x 4 x 16 23.8 305.0 101.0 5.6 6.7 30.4 292 0.46 326 0.41 234 0.57 267 0. W 12 x 4 x 19 28.3 309.0 102.0 6.0 8.9 36.2 249 0.54 277 0.48 200 0.67 228 0. W 12 x 4 x 22 32.7 313.0 102.0 6.6 10.8 41.8 216 0.62 241 0.56 174 0.77 198 0. Guide of Section Factor (Hp/A & W/D) B D T Three sides Profile protection Four sides Three sides Box protection Four sides t

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