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Consensual Validation
Finding someone that shares my opinions is pleasing to me because it provides evidence that my opinions are correct TERM 2
Similarity of Attitudes
DEFINITION 2 Behaviour, personality, age and possibly genes. We like those that agree with us, behave like us and so on. TERM 3
Matching Hypothesis
DEFINITION 3 Whereby individuals select others who have approximately equal social assets. TERM 4
Behavioural Confirmation
DEFINITION 4 A type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people's social expectationslead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations. TERM 5
Equity Theory
DEFINITION 5 A partnership is perceived as fair if the partners gain about as much from the relationship as they contribute.
Cognitive Disregard
A screening process whereby we exclude many or most people we meet to simply our social world. For instance, at the bus stop we may rapidly and perhaps unconsciously, decide not to talk to people who differ from us in age, dress, race or attractiveness. OUr stereotypesabout these people may not be correct, but they appeal to the cognitive miser in each of us. TERM 7
Need for Affiliation
DEFINITION 7 A term that describes a person's need to feel a sense of involvement and belonging within a social group. TERM 8
Operant Conditioning
DEFINITION 8 Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. TERM 9
Propinquity
DEFINITION 9 In social psychology, propinquity is one of the main factors leading to interpersonal attraction.Physical Proximity TERM 10
Interpersonal Attraction
DEFINITION 10 Interpersonal attraction is the attraction between people which leads to a platonic or romantic relationship.Factors that influence interpersonal attraction include attitudes, affect and behaviour
Deindividuation
Deindividuation is a concept in social psychology that is generally thought of as the loss of self-awareness in groups, although this is a matter of contention. This weakens restraints against the expression of undesirable behaviours TERM 17
Prejudice
DEFINITION 17 Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person or group member based solely on that person's group membership.Prejudice is an Attitude. Discrimination is a behaviour. TERM 18
Pancultural
DEFINITION 18 Across all cultures TERM 19
Gender Differences Hypothesis
DEFINITION 19 The assumption that males and females are vastly different in their personality, abilities, interests, attitudes, and behaviour tendencies. TERM 20
External Attribution
DEFINITION 20 The process of assigning the cause of behaviour to some situation or event outside a person's control rather than to some internal characteristic. When we try to explain our own behaviour we tend to make external attributions such as situational or environmentalfeatures.
Internal Attribution
The process of assigning the cause of behaviour to some internal characteristic rather than to outside forces. When we explain the behaviour of others, we look for enduring internal attributions such as personality traits. For example, we attribute the behaviour of a person to their personality, motives or beliefs. TERM 22
Attribution Theory
DEFINITION 22 Humans are motivated to assign causes to their actions and behaviours. In social psychology, attribution is the process by which individuals explain the causes of behaviour and events. TERM 23
Hawthorne Effect
DEFINITION 23 The Hawthorne effect is a type of reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behaviour in response to their awareness of being observed. TERM 24
Tokenism
DEFINITION 24 Performing highly visible but trivial non- discriminatorybehaviours towards an out-group person to obscure large-scale discrimination elsewhere. TERM 25
Reverse
Discrimination
DEFINITION 25 Reverse discrimination is discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group, in favor of members of a minority or historically disadvantaged group.
Out-group Homogeneity Effect
One's perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members. E.G. "They are alike, we are diverse" TERM 32
Out-group
DEFINITION 32 A social group with which an individual does not identify TERM 33
Egalitarianism
DEFINITION 33 Egalitarianism - or equalitarianism - is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people. Egalitarian doctrines maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or social status. TERM 34
Illusory Correlation
DEFINITION 34 Illusory correlation is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables even when no such relationship exists.
