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UNIT 1 Identity
Vocabulary preview 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 a 7 a 8 a
LISTENING 1 Life events
Global listening
1 interviewee 1: marriage interviewee 2: making the swim team/becoming a school athlete interviewee 4: discovering a new talent/skill/hobby interviewee 3: getting a driver’s license 2 Students’ own answers
Close listening
1 T
2 F (2-children) 3 F (all summer) 4 T 5 T 6 F (some talked about defining moments)
LISTENING 2 Beyond the ID card
Global listening
All except for student ID, and face scan. 2 1 Biometrics is the measurement and analysis of a unique feature of a person 2 Photo IDs can be lost or stolen. 3 biometric
Close listening
c 2 a, d 3 c 4 c 5 d 6 b 1 1 2 1 T 2 T 3 F We all share about 99% of the same DNA features, only a small amount of DNA features vary from person to person. 4 T 5 F Iris recognition is used. 6 F The speaker believes the use of biometric information is the most reliable way to identify people. He doesn’t say it is likely to increase.
Vocabulary skill
1 related to: structural capable of: attainable, manageable state or result: information, recognition, variation, verification quality of: nationality, probability, reliability 2 1 national 2 probability 3 verification 4 information 5 flexibility
Grammar
1 A: but, or
B: whereas A: so, while B: rather than 2 Students’ own answers
Speaking skill
You’re kidding! 2 I can’t believe it. 3 It was a guy you didn’t recognize? 4 That sounds interesting.
Pronunciation skill
What / do identification cards tell us / about who someone is? 2 An ID card from India / will include / about 16 personal details. 3 I hope to be / a skillful doctor / some day. 4 The lab used several samples / before they got a good match. 5 The patterns in the iris of the eye / are unique to every person.
2 Possible answer:
We all /have hopes and dreams. Part of achieving a dream/, for example,/ becoming a civil engineer,/ is being able to envision your future self/ in that identity. One consideration is /your skills and abilities. Evaluate/ what you can do now, / what you know, and what skills and knowledge/ you still need to learn /to attain your goal. Then make a plan/ for how to learn/ what you need to know. Your plan/ will help you feel/ in touch with your future identity. UNIT 2 Design
Vocabulary preview
1 1 devices 2 invention 3 solutions 4 benefits 5 industries 6 research 7 genetically modified 8 creative 9 patent noun - machines or pieces of equipment that do a particular thing 2 1 2 noun - a machine, tool, or system that someone has made, designed, or thought of for the first time 3 noun - ways to solve a problem or to deal with a bad situation 4 noun – advantages you get from a situation 5 noun - the people and organizations involved in producing goods 6 noun - the detailed study of something in order to discover new facts, especially in a university or scientific institution 7 adjective - a genetically modified plant or animal has had its genetic structure changed in order to make it more suited to a particular purpose 8 adjective - involving a lot of imagination and new ideas 9 noun - an official document that gives someone who has invented something the legal right to make or sell that invention for a particular period of time, and prevents anyone else from doing so LISTENING 1 The inventions of Arthur Global listening Pedrick c 2 a 3 a 1 1 Not used 2 1 2 b 3 c
4 strong Speaking skill example of 1 1 3 one example 2 is a, example 4 is, example
SPEAKING TASK
Plan 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b
LISTENING 2 Animal intelligence
Global listening 1 b, d, e, and g 2 intelligent: sentences b, g not intelligent: sentence d, e Close listening 1 can’t 4 nine times 2 leaves 5 once 3 never 6 are
STUDY SKILLS Taking notes effectively
Scenario Answers will vary but possible answers include: don’t try to write down every word, write down key phrases instead of complete sentences, write down questions about points she doesn’t understand. Vocabulary skill 1 do: business, an experiment, a favor (for someone), research, the right thing, your homework make: a decision, an exception, a mistake, a plan, progress, someone wonder Consider it Ling already does: 2, 3. Tips that could help Ling: 1, 4, 5-7. 2 1 doing 3 make^ 5 did 2 make 4 made^ 6 do 3 Students’ own answers Grammar 1 1 even though 2 while 3 Although 4 After 5 while 2 Possible answers: 1 Scientists have learned a lot about the brain, though there is much we still don’t know. / Though scientists have learned a lot about the brain, there is much we still don’t know. 2 Although some animals make tools, they are not as sophisticated as human tools. / Some animals make tools although they are not as sophisticated as human tools. 3 Before studying crows, researchers thought only chimpanzees used tools. 4 Chimpanzees are very smart whereas other animals are not as intelligent. / Whereas chimpanzees are very smart other animals are not as intelligent. 5 Many companies rely on lie detectors even though they are not 100% accurate. Speaking skill 1 1 Since the fMRI actually looks inside your brain, it is extremely accurate. 2 Humans aren’t the only ones who use tools, as crows can also do this. 3 fMRI scanners are large and expensive, so they aren’t widely used yet. 4 Polygraph tests aren’t accurate because some people can lie without feeling stress. 5 Since animals can’t speak our language, it is difficult to understand their minds. 6 The crow made a tool in nine out of ten tests, so it probably wasn’t an accident. Pronunciation skill 1 1 exactly 2 too 3 just, one
SPEAKING TASK
Plan 1 a, b, d, e, and h 3 Collective intelligence: sentences a, d, e, f, and h UNIT 4 Fire
Vocabulary preview
1 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 b 7 a 8 b 9 a 10 b 2 Students’ own answers
LISTENING 1 The discovery of fire
Global listening 1 Controlled use of fire means use in daily life for various purposes 2 Four ways: warmth, protection, cooking food, socializing 3 Using fire to cook food; increased nutrition led to people being healthier, living longer, having more variety in their daily diet 4 Using fire as an application of technology = using something to improve our lives Close listening 1 F 2 O 3 O 4 F 5 F 6 F 7 F 8 O 9 O
LISTENING 2 Forest fires: friend or foe?
Global listening 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 Close Listening 1 1 and 2 are correct. 3, 4,and 5 are incorrect. The seeds are released after the fire. 2 3 4 The blue beetle lays eggs in the trees just after the fire. 5 The trees take longer to regrow than the slower-growing plants. Vocabulary skill a, b 2 b, c 1 1 3 a, b 4 a, c 5 a, b 6 b, c was cheated 2 1 4 doing great 2 makes me very angry 3 excited 5 exhausted Grammar b 2 a 3 a 4 a 1 1 2 1 Frankly, To be blunt, To be honest 2 Actually 3 actually, in fact 4 Frankly, To be honest, Actually Speaking skill 1 Oh by the way, Anyway, as I was saying Pronunciation 1 2 1 3 bc a
STUDY SKILLS Reviewing notes
Scenario These are the things Aida is doing well; reading over her notes nightly, writing? if her notes are unclear, and reviewing before exams. The things she isn’t doing well are not asking ask for help, studying alone, not looking up information that is unclear to her and not revising her notes or adding information so that notes are complete and easy to follow UNIT 5 Movement Vocabulary preview 1 1 global 4 trade 2 urbanizaton 5 migrants 3 route 6 rural 2 Students’ own answers LISTENING 1 Globalisation in history Global listening The Silk road: 2, 4, 5 The Columbian Exchange: 1, 3, 5 Today’s trade network: 1, 3, 5
Go ahead OK Can I ask I was wondering SPEAKING TASK Plan 1 They are presenting to peers in an academic presentation, to describe a city and its connection to global systems 2 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. UNIT 6 Disease Vocabulary preview 1 e 2 a 3 b 4 d 5 c 6 j 7 f 8 g 9 h 10 i LISTENING 1 Germ myths Global listening many diseases 1 1 2 dangerous 3 diseases spread 4 always spreads dangerous germs 5 loaded with germs that can cause diseases 6 ‘If you drop some food on the floor, but you pick it up within five seconds, then it’s still OK to eat it’ 2 1 True 4 Myth 2 Myth 5 True 3 Myth 6 Myth Close listening 1 viruses 2 bacteria 3 old 4 good 5 Many 6 passenger 7 wet LISTENING 2 Disease detectives Before you listen land = flying fox, giraffe, tortoise water = dolphin, prawn, whale both = frog, hippo, snail, snake Global listening 1 1 two 2 Senegal, West Africa and Guam, an island in the Pacific Ocean 3 snails, flying foxes 2 1 e 2 h 3 b 4 f 5 a 6 d 7 g 8 c Close listening 1 F (no cases) 2 F (within two years) 3 T 4 F (not kill the snails, restore the prawn habitat) 5 T 6 T 7 F (overhunting) 8 T Vocabulary skill 1 caught 2 cure 3 catch
4 reduced 5 recovered from 6 prevent 7 eliminated Grammar 1 must have been 2 may/could/might have been, may/could/might have been 3 can’t have been 4 must have been 5 may/could/might have been, may/could/might have been Speaking skill 1 1 What exactly do you mean 2 So, your point is 3 So, you mean 2 That there’s a direct relationship between stress and disease. Pronunciation skill 1 doesn’t it (falling); is it? (falling) 2 doesn’t it? (falling) 3 wasn’t it? (falling + sarcastic) SPEAKING TASK Possible explanation: The woman came down with malaria as the result of being bitten by a malaria-infected mosquito at the airport. The mosquito might have entered the airport on the suitcase of a traveler who had been on an international flight from a country that had a malaria risk. It could also have been in a jetliner. As international travel has increased, there has been an increase in the incidence of “airport malaria” in the United States and in Europe. Cases have been reported for people who live and work close to international airports, as well as for people visiting an airport. STUDY SKILLS Leading a group Scenario These are the things Ahmed is doing well; making a list of questions to talk about prior to the discussion, helping start the discussion by sharing his own ideas, asking others for their ideas, noticing that a classmate isn’t participating, and bringing that person into the discussion, telling a classmate who has interrupted to let the other classmate finish first, and reviewing ideas they’ve shared at the end of the discussion. These are the things he is doing wrong: not setting clear goals for the discussion at the beginning, not asking someone in the group to take notes in order to keep track of the ideas discussed, talking about his own ideas for a long time rather than briefly presenting them to launch the discussion, and letting all the group members talk at the same time so that they don’t listen to one another. UNIT 7 Survival Vocabulary preview 1 a 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 a 7 a 8 a 9 b 10 b LISTENING 1 Kindness as a survival skill Global listening 2 1 concerned about her neighbors 2 direct 3 indirect, didn’t expect 4 naturally help one another to survive 5 knew instinctively it was the right thing to do Close listening 1 F (other customers did, too.) 2 T 3 F (housing not mentioned; medical supplies were) 4 F (two children) 5 T 6 T LISTENING 2 Building for the future Global listening 1 c 2 b 3 a 1 4 d in the future 2 1 2 use resources wisely 3 environmentally responsible 4 it is used 5 new Close listening energy efficient 1 1 7 designed to maximize
Close listening 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 a 9 b 10 b LISTENING 2 The hierarchy of needs Global listening a, c, d, f, and g Close listening 1 1 hierarchy 4 marriage 2 food 5 respect 3 job security 6 fit Vocabulary skill 1 categorize – to divide people or things into groups – usually formal dramatically – to a noticeable degree and with surprising suddenness – usually formal help – do something for someone else – usually informal identify – to recognize someone or something and say who/what he/she/it is – usually formal make sure – ensure – usually informal numerous – many in number – usually formal 2 1 dramatically 2 make sure 3 categorize 4 help 5 identifies 6 numerous 3 Students’ own answers Grammar 1 1 the, the more 2 X, -er 3 X, -er 2 Students’ own answers 4 the, -er, the more 5 The, the lower-paying 3 1 2 better-looking, better-educated 3 more open-minded 4 higher-priority 5 more life-changing Pronunciation skill 2 weak forms underlined, (strong forms in bold) 1 They have difficulties categorizing and making decisions, as Dr. Taylor noted earlier 2 It wasn’t as hard as I’d thought it would be. 3 : I’ll write some needs for each level of the pyramid, and you can suggest some, as well. 4 That’s as basic as you can get. 5 If you’re a painter, you want to be as good as you can. 6 There’s also the need to help the group as a whole succeed. Speaking skill 1 mean sorry uh 2 seen was wanted What’s it depressing has STUDY SKILL Getting the most out of classes Scenario The professor probably thought Jun was unhappy because he never participated in class. He could get more out of class by listening actively to the discussion and question-answer portions of a lesson, and participating in discussions. Consider it Jun already does: 1, 3. Tips that could help Jun: 2, 4, 5 (especially 4-5).
UNIT 9 Sound
Vocabulary preview
1 b 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 b 7 a 8 a LISTENING 1 That’s so annoying Global listening 1 uncertainty about how long it will last 2 regular, repetitive 3 unpredictability 4 the pitch Close listening we don’t know when they’ll end 2 repetitive 3 doesn’t stop 4 an predictable way 5 low Universally annoying means annoying to most people. 2 1 2 They are both unpredictable. LISTENING 2 Was that my phone ringing? Global listening 1 A phantom ring is a phone ring that doesn’t actually occur. 2 People feel their phone vibrating even when it isn’t. 3 Words that no one actually said. 4 One study. Close listening 1 1 sounds it receives 2 stress 3 in the same place (regularly) 4 meaningless sounds 5 words or phrases 6 weren’t on the recording 7 students 8 own language 2 1 T 2 F (researchers don’t understand) 3 F (other tasks are mentioned, not dreaming) 4 T 5 T 6 F (they recalled different words, depending upon what they had been thinking about before listening to the recording, and their nationality) 7 F (several times) 8 T 9 T Vocabulary skill 1 1 of 4 to^ 7 to^ 10 by 2 of 5 of 8 to 11 from 3 of 6 to 9 from Grammar 1 1
8 will/’ll have solved 3 word, mean century 2 1 2 trend 3 pension 4 polar ice caps 5 terraforming 6 greenhouse gases Pronunciation skill S 2 C 3 S 1 1 2 Students’ own answers STUDY SKILLS Practicing speaking outside of class Scenario Answers will vary but possible answers include: Look for language partners online, practice English with other learners (not just native speakers), listen to a wider range of English media (e.g., films, songs, dramas, and sitcoms). Consider it Faisal already does: 1, 5. Tips that could help Faisal: 2, 3, 4, 6.
