Eukaryotic Algae: Classification, Characteristics, and Importance, Assignments of Chemistry

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Eukaryotic Algae: Protista single celled, possess nuclear membrane, aquatic photoautotrophs Vegetatif Structure : Unicellular, colonial, filamenus, multicellular Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia Three domain system: Eu- bacteria Archae- bacteria E U K A R Y A

CLASSIFICATION

Algae are classified into fiffteen Phyla based on:

• Color
• Type of Chlorophyll
• Form of Food Storage Substance
• Cell Wall Composition Life Cycle of Alga is asexual, sexual, or both. It is complicated ones

Dinoflagellates Diatoms Chlorophyta (green algae) Phaeophyta (brown algae) Rhodophyta (red algae)

1. Chlorophylls a, b, c, d, e. Each molecule functions at specific wavelengths of light. 2. Carotenes: carotene B - found in all three divisions xanthophylls - 20 different types of pigments and two types: - fucoxanthin- found only in phaeophyta - lutein- common pigment in all large algae 3. Phycobilins: phycocyanin - blue pigment phycorethrin - pink-red pigment found in rhodophyta and cyanobacteria

PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning) Gonyaulax polyhedra, Gymnodium

The numbers are representative values of the concentration in the tissues of dinoflagellate toxin (ppm) Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Tertiary consumers 0.04 ppm 0.23 ppm 2.07 ppm 13.8 ppm

epithecate hypothecate Diatom Reproduction - asexual auxospore Discards shell and grows new one

Closely related to vascular plants Pigments:

• chlorophyll a & b
• carotenoids Unicellular, colonial, and multicellular Freshwater, brackish, and saltwater habitats Large # in Hawaii “Seaweeds”- limu

Life cycle of Ulva: A Large Marine Green Algae male female gametophytes sporophyte spores spores germinate haploid stage diploid stage gametes fused gametes zygote germinating zygote the cycle begins again M E I O S I S F E R T I L I Z A T I O N

Photosynthetic pigments

• chlorophyll a & c
• carotenoids
• xanthophylls (e.g. fucoxanthin). All are multicellular Occupy marine environments. Hawaii: Near shore marine environment

Photosynthetic Pigments

chlorophyll a

carotenoids

phycobilins.

Mostly multicellular, marine forms.

Abundant in warm, tropical coastal waters.

Not all are red in color

Hypnea chordacea Asparagopsis taxiformis Galaxaura fastigiata Acanthophora spicifera Ahnfeltia concinna Rhodophyta: Red Algae