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Climate Change, Sustainability, and Human Flourishing: Research, Solutions, and Ethics, Study notes of History of Science and Technology

The interconnected themes of climate change, environmental sustainability, and human flourishing. It discusses scientific research on climate change and its impact, technological solutions to mitigate climate change and promote sustainability, societal actions influenced by scientific evidence, and ethical considerations in scientific research and technological innovations. Additionally, it touches upon the concepts of human flourishing and the good life, as well as various schools of thought on the subject.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 03/29/2024

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INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
AND SOCIETY
Interrelationship Among STS
- Advances in science lead to technological
innovations which have social, economic,
and ethical implications.
- An STS approach is essential for balancing
the benefits and risks associated with
scientific and technological progress.
How Science Influences Society
Medical Advancements
- Led to medical breakthroughs that have
significantly increased life expectancy and
improved quality of life
Environmental Awareness
- Led to increased public awareness and
policy changes aimed at environmental
conservation in the Philippines
Economic Development
- Contributes to technological innovations that
drive economic growth
How Technology Influences Society
Communication
- Revolutionized the way society interacts
and shares information
Automation and Employment
- Innovations can both create and eliminate
jobs
Data and Privacy
- Ethical concerns about data privacy and
security is raised, especially in a digital age
How Society Influences Science and
Technology
Ethical considerations
- Public opinion and ethical considerations
can influence the direction of scientific
research
Funding and Policy
- Government policies and funding often
dictate the focus of scientific research
Cultural Factors
- Cultural beliefs and norms can impact the
adoption and utilization of technology
THE ROLE OF STS IN ADDRESSING GLOBAL
CHALLENGES
- STS addresses global challenges such as
climate change, poverty, and public health
crises.
Climate Change and Environmental
Sustainability
Scientific Research
- Studies provide the data needed to
understand the extent and impact of climate
change
Technological Solutions
- Renewable energy technologies are an
example of how technology can mitigate
climate change
Societal Actions
- Grassroots movements and policy changes,
often influenced by scientific evidence, play
a crucial role in promoting environmental
sustainability
Public Health and Medical Advancements
Scientific Research
- Research in medicine and public health has
led to vaccines, treatments, and preventive
measures that save lives
Technological Innovations
- Telemedicine and health informatics are
examples of how technology can improve
healthcare delivery and patient outcomes
Societal Impact
- Public awareness and government policies
are crucial for the effective implementation
of public health initiatives
Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development
Scientific Research
- Studies on social structures and economic
models help policymakers make informed
decisions on poverty alleviation
Technological Innovations
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INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,

AND SOCIETY

Interrelationship Among STS

  • Advances in science lead to technological innovations which have social, economic, and ethical implications.
  • An STS approach is essential for balancing the benefits and risks associated with scientific and technological progress. How Science Influences Society Medical Advancements
  • Led to medical breakthroughs that have significantly increased life expectancy and improved quality of life Environmental Awareness
  • Led to increased public awareness and policy changes aimed at environmental conservation in the Philippines Economic Development
  • Contributes to technological innovations that drive economic growth How Technology Influences Society Communication
  • Revolutionized the way society interacts and shares information Automation and Employment
  • Innovations can both create and eliminate jobs Data and Privacy
  • Ethical concerns about data privacy and security is raised, especially in a digital age How Society Influences Science and Technology Ethical considerations
  • Public opinion and ethical considerations can influence the direction of scientific research Funding and Policy
  • Government policies and funding often dictate the focus of scientific research Cultural Factors
  • Cultural beliefs and norms can impact the adoption and utilization of technology THE ROLE OF STS IN ADDRESSING GLOBAL CHALLENGES
  • STS addresses global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and public health crises. Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability Scientific Research
  • Studies provide the data needed to understand the extent and impact of climate change Technological Solutions
  • Renewable energy technologies are an example of how technology can mitigate climate change Societal Actions
  • Grassroots movements and policy changes, often influenced by scientific evidence, play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability Public Health and Medical Advancements Scientific Research
  • Research in medicine and public health has led to vaccines, treatments, and preventive measures that save lives Technological Innovations
  • Telemedicine and health informatics are examples of how technology can improve healthcare delivery and patient outcomes Societal Impact
  • Public awareness and government policies are crucial for the effective implementation of public health initiatives Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development Scientific Research
  • Studies on social structures and economic models help policymakers make informed decisions on poverty alleviation Technological Innovations
  • Mobile banking and e-commerce platforms have provided economic opportunities Societal Impact
  • Social welfare programs and community- driven initiatives play a vital role in poverty alleviation ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN STS
  • Ethical considerations guide how STS is conducted, developed, and implemented Ethical Considerations in Scientific Research Informed Consent
  • In any research involving human subjects, obtaining informed consent is crucial Data Privacy
  • Confidentiality and anonymity of subjects must be ensured Animal Welfare
  • Animals in research require humane treatment and justifiable scientific reasons for their use Ethical Considerations in Technological Innovations Data Security
  • Ensuring the security and privacy of user data is paramount with the rise of big data and AI Accessibility
  • Technological innovations should be designed to be inclusive and accessible to all members of society Environmental Impact
  • New technologies must consider their environmental footprint Ethical Considerations in Societal Engagement Public Awareness
  • Society has a responsibility to be informed about the ethical implications of scientific and technological advancements Policy and Regulation
  • Government bodies need to enact policies that reflect ethical considerations for informed decision-making Community Involvement
  • Community engagement plays a vital role in shaping ethical standards and policies DEFINING HUMAN FLOURISHING AND GOOD LIFE Definition of Human Flourishing and Good Life Human Flourishing “Eudaimonia”
  • A comprehensive term that refers to the optimal state of being for individuals and communities
  • According to Aristotle, it is the highest good and the ultimate end toward which all human actions are directed
  • A long-term condition of living a meaningful and virtuous life Good Life
  • A subjective concept which is often defined as a life that is fulfilling, enjoyable, and meaningful
  • Often equated with the concept of “happiness”, but it goes beyond mere emotional states to include a sense of fulfillment, achievement, and well-being Different Schools of Thought on Human Flourishing Stoicism (Epictetus and Seneca)
  • Emphasized the importance of self-control and rationality in achieving a state of inner peace Hedonism (Epicurus)
  • Pleasure is the ultimate good ARISTOTLE’S COMPONENTS OF HUMAN FLOURISHING
  1. VIRTUE (ARETE)
  • A character deemed to be morally good
  • Cornerstone of eudaimonia
  • Serves as a moral compass
  1. REASON (LOGOS)
  • Allows individuals to discern right from wrong
  • Guiding principle of the human mind in the process of thinking
  1. PLEASURE (HEDONE)
  • Necessary but not ultimate
  • Drones are used for delivering medical supplies to remote areas Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
  • Responsible for the coordination of science and technology-related projects in the Philippines
  • Established in 1987 Key Programs and Initiatives
  1. Science Education Institute (SEI)
  • Responsible for human resources development
  • Aim to produce a steady supply of capable professionals
  1. Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD)
  • Focuses on research that will propel industrial growth
  • Includes alternative energy, biotechnology, and material science
  1. Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI)
  • Specializing in advanced computing and networking systems
  • Instrumental in the development of the Philippine Research, Education, and Government Information Network (PREGINET), which connects academic and research institutions across the country
  1. Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)
  • Conducts research to address the country’s food and nutrition needs
  1. Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI)
  • Aims to improve the global competitiveness of the Philippine textile industry Contributions to National Development Disaster Risk Reduction
  • Developing technologies for disaster preparedness Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards)
  • Provides real-time weather data and hazard maps Healthcare
  • Contributed to medical research, including the development of diagnostic kits for diseases prevalent in the Philippines Agriculture
  • Aimed at improving crop yields and developing sustainable farming practices Innovation for MSMEs
  • Provides support to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises History of DOST
  • Officially established on January 30, 1987 through Executive Order No. 128
  • 1958: National Science Development Board (NSDB)
  • 1982: National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) Milestones in RND Project NOAH
  • Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards
  • Aimed to provide a 6-hour lead-time warning to vulnerable communities against impending floods Biotek-M Dengue Aqua Kit (2012)
  • Diagnostic kit for dengue RxBox
  • Innovation in telehealth Policy Frameworks Formulation of
  • Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP)
  • National Research and Development Agenda Eleven Point Agenda
  • A strategic framewrok that outlines the Philippine government’s priorities in various sectors
  1. Pursue R&D to address pressing national problems
  1. Conduct R&D to enhance productivity and improve management of resources
  2. Engage in R&D to generate and apply new knowledge and technologies across sectors
  3. Strengthen and utilize regional R&D capabilities
  4. Maximize utilization of R&D results through technology transfer and commercialization
  5. Develop STI human resources and build a strong STI culture
  6. Upgrade STI facilities and capacities to advance R&D activities and expand S&T services
  7. Expand STI assistance to communities and the production sector, particularly MSMEs
  8. Provide STI-based solutions for disaster risks and climate change adaptation and mitigation
  9. Strengthen industry-academe-government and international STI collaboration
  10. Enhance the effectiveness of STI governance Targets of Agenda
  11. Economic Transformation
  12. Agricultural Development
  13. Educational Reforms
  14. Healthcare Improvements
  15. Infrastructure Development
  16. Energy Security
  17. Environmental Sustainability
  18. National Security
  19. Social Welfare Programs
  20. Good Governance
  21. Global Competitiveness Case Studies Project SARAI
  • Smarter Approaches to Reinvigorate Agriculture as an Industry
  • Under the agricultural development point
  • Uses technology to provide real-time information to farmers iGovPhil
  • Integrated Government Philippines
  • Under good governance
  • Aims to enhance the delivery of government services through information and communications technology DOST Attached Agencies
  1. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
  2. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
  3. Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI)
  4. Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI)
  5. Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI)
  6. Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)
  7. Science Education Institute (SEI)
  8. Science and Technology Information Institute (STII)
  9. Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD)
  10. Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD)
  11. Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD)
  12. National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP)
  13. Technology Application and Promotion Institute (TAPI) Science Education in the Philippines
  • National Imperative; Science education is crucial for economic development, social progress, and national security
  • Agencies involved:
  • DEPED
  • CHED
  • DOST K-12 Curriculum and Special Programs K-12 Science Curriculum
  • Learner-centered, inquiry-based, and relevant to real-world issues

Japanese Craftmanship and Social Culture

  • Shinto belief in the divinity of craftsmanship Samurai Swords
  • Considered a spiritual process, deeply tied to the samurai’s social standing and responsibilities Architecture
  • Japanese pagoda: exemplifies the harmonious integration of aesthetics, function, and social significance Social Role of Scholars and Intellectuals Chinese Scholar-Officials
  • Rooted in Confucian ideals
  • Influential in policy-making Indian Gurukul System
  • Fostered a mentorship-based educational community Economic Contributions and Trade Chinese Silk Production
  • Involved complex procedures of sericulture and weaving Indian Spice Trade
  • Advancements in maritime technology were driven by the lucrative spice trade Middle Eastern Civilizations
  • Mesopotamia, ancient Persia, and Islamic Caliphates Mesopotamian Innovations and Social Structure
  • Home to the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians Cuneiform Writing
  • Evolved to record laws, literature, and scientific knowledge Irrigation Systems
  • Crucial for agricultural in the arid landscape Persian Contributions and Zoroastrian Influence
  • Influenced by Zoroastrianism Qanat Irrigation
  • Developed to manage scarce water resources Royal Roads
  • Facilitated communication and governance across the Persian empire Islamic Golden Age
  • Flourishing of science such as astronomy, mathematics, and medicine Algebra
  • Developed by Al-Khwarizmi Hospitals and Medicine
  • Closely tied to Islamic principles of charity and community welfare Role of Religious Scholars Ulama
  • Islamic scholars Scholarly Translation Movement
  • Translate Greek, Indian, and Persian works Astronomy for Religious Purposes
  • Astronomical tables Socioeconomic Contributions and Inter- civilizational Exchange and Influence Alchemy and Chemistry
  • Had applications in cosmetics and medicine Islamic Banking Principles
  • Influenced the economic landscape Influence on European Renaissance
  • Works of Islamicscholars were translated into Latin
  • Influenced the scientific awakening of Europe Adoption of Indian Numerals
  • Known as arabic numerals
  • Indian mathematics African Civilizations
  • Cradle of humankind Egyptian Innovations and Social Structure
  • Monumental architecture
  • Medicine
  • Astronomy
  • Mathematics

Pyramids and Engineering

  • Reflecting societal hierarchies and religious beliefs Hieroglyphics and Papyrus
  • Writing, record-keeping and governance Kingdom of the Sahel and Islamic Influence
  • Kingdoms such as Mali, Songhai, and Ghana Timbuktu as an Intellectual Hub
  • Known for its libraries and universities Great Zimbabwe and Social Organization
  • Stone Masonry Techniques
  • Trade and Commerce Ethiopian Highlands and Isolation
  • Church Architecture
  • Traditional Medicine Medieval Transformation
  • Period of stagnation
  • Dark Ages: early medieval period Impact of the Fall of the Roman Empire Preservation of Knowledge
  • Monastic communities became the custodians of classical knowledge Localism and Decentralization
  • Lack of centralized power led to more localized adaptations Modern Age borat ni chariitie malaki Monastic Libraries Alchemy and Medicine
  • Gained approval when framed within a religious context Monastic Contributions
  • Made advances in agriculture and medicine Sacred Geometry
  • Church architecture Islamic Expansion and Synthesis Islamic Hospitals
  • Bimaristans
  • Served as centers for medical research Astronomy and Geography Feudalism and Technological Advances Water and Wind Mills