Sanitary system plan, Schemes and Mind Maps of Systematics

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PLUMBING:

Sanitary Drainage System

The Four Major Components of

the Drainage System:

The piping that conveys the discharge of water closets or fixtures having similar functions (containing fecal matter), with or without the discharges from other fixtures. The piping that receives the liquid discharge from plumbing fixtures other than water closets. It is free of fecal matter. The piping installed to provide a flow of air to or from a drainage system or to provide a circulation of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage & back pressure. The piping system that receives clear water drainage from leaders, downspouts, surface runoff, ground water, subsurface water, condensate water, cooling water or other similar discharges & conveys them to the point of disposal. All sanitary wastes must not be included in this system. SANITARY OR SOIL DRAINAGE SYSTEM WASTE DRAINAGE SYSTEM VENT SYSTEM STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

• The collection & safe disposal of human wastes are among the most critical problems of environment health.
• Recent statistical reports revealed that most of the water borne diseases such as dysentery, typhoid, diarrhea, & other intestinal disorders are prevalent in areas where there is no proper & Scientific Disposal System.

Sewage & its

Disposal

• Storm Water – from the rain.
• Grey Water – wastes from laundries, wash basins, sinks, showers, and bathtubs.
• Black Water – water plus human waste solid or liquid, urine, that is flushed out of toilets and urinals.

Three Degrees of

Grades of Waste Water

WASTE PIPE

• conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter. VENT PIPE
• used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals. TRAP
• a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater throughout it.

Essential Parts of the

Sanitary Drainage System

HOUSE/BUILDING SEWER

• extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the street sewer or to any point of the discharge, and conveying the discharge of one building site.

Essential Parts of the

Sanitary Drainage System

HORIZONTAL TO HORIZONTAL CHANGE IN DIRECTION

• use 45 degree wye branches, combination wye – 1/8 bend branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent sweep
• no fitting having more than one inlet at the same level shall be used (i.e., sanitary cross)
• double sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of the fitting is at least two pipe (2) sizes larger than the largest inlet, (pipe sizes recognized from this purpose are 51,64,76, 89,102, 114, 127, and 152 millimeter diameter)

Principles of Waste & Soil (EXCRETA)

Pipes Roughing-in

• The size of waste pipes or soil pipes depend on the amount of waste it carries.
• A lavatory discharges 0.47 liters/sec or 28.3 liters/min (7.5 gallons per min or 1 cu ft per min), which is equivalent to the Fixture Unit (F.U.)
• The F.U. rating of plumbing fixtures is based on the size of required trap.

Sanitary Drainage Lines

UNIT OF MEASUREMENT OF SIZES OF SANITARY DRAINAGE LINES

Sanitary Drainage Lines

MINIMUM SLOPE OF SANITARY DRAINAGE LINES

• Minimum slope or pitch or grade of horizontal pipe – 2% or 20mm/m (1/4” per foot).
• Exception: Where it is impracticable due to depth of street sewer, adverse structural features and irregular building plans, pipes 102mm diameter or larger may have a slope of not less than 1% or 10mm/m (1/8” per foot), approved by the Administrative Authority.

• Is a hole in the ground curbed with stones, bricks, concrete hollow blocks or other materials laid in such a manner as to allow raw contaminated sewage to leach into the soil.
• The organic wastes accumulate and finally disposed of by disintegration process.

Types of Sanitary Disposal System

THE CESSPOOL

• Section 204. A non-watertight lines excavation in the ground which receives the discharge of a sanitary drainage system or thereof, designed to retain the organic matter and solids discharging therefrom, but permitting the liquid to seep through the pit bottom and sides of a cesspool.

Types of Sanitary Disposal System

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS: THE CESSPOOL