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Reviewer for "Understanding the Self", Lecture notes of Psychology

Trinity University of AsiaPsychology

On the aspects of what makes self, the self.

Typology: Lecture notes

2022/2023

Uploaded on 04/25/2024

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Understanding the Self
FINALS REVIEWER
UNPACKING THE SELF
I. Physical Self
II. Sexual Self
III. Material and Economic Self
IV. Spiritual Self
V. Political Self
I. Physical Self
- Vehicle through which we interpret life [Fox]
- Person’s body, tangible aspect
Self-Concept
- Self-esteem or self worth
- Evaluation or perception of themselves based on their abilities,
competencies, and appearance
Physical Attractiveness
- Degree of attractiveness based on physical features
Physical Beauty
- Combination of qualities and physical features that are aesthetically
pleasing.
Aesthetics
- Philosophy of beauty
Beauty Standards through History:
o Greeks = face
o 17th to 18th century = curves
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Understanding the Self FINALS REVIEWER UNPACKING THE SELF I. Physical Self II. Sexual Self III. Material and Economic Self IV. Spiritual Self V. Political Self I. Physical Self

  • Vehicle through which we interpret life [Fox]
  • Person’s body, tangible aspect Self-Concept - Self-esteem or self worth - Evaluation or perception of themselves based on their abilities, competencies, and appearance Physical Attractiveness - Degree of attractiveness based on physical features Physical Beauty - Combination of qualities and physical features that are aesthetically pleasing. Aesthetics - Philosophy of beauty Beauty Standards through History: o Greeks = face o 17 th^ to 18th^ century = curves

o Victorians = rosebud lips Factors that Affect Perception of Physical Beauty: o History o Culture o Traditions o Religion o Media o Internet o Societal Influence o Foreign Trends Factors in Physical Development

  • Heredity: transmission of traits
  • Genotype: information in genes
  • Phenotype: physical expression of genotype
  • 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 chromosomes (23rd^ pair is the sex chromosome) Stages of Development o Infancy (0-1) o Toddlerhood (1-3) o Early Childhood (3-8) o Middle Childhood (8-11) o Adolescence (12-19) o Early Adulthood (20-25) o Adulthood (26-60) o Old Age/Senescence (65+) Puberty
  • Stage when reproductive organs reach their maturation. ** Males = 13 years ** Females = as early as 11 years old

Hormones: o Serotonin: mood stabilizer o Dopamine: feel-good, reward o Oxytocin: love hormone o Endorphins: pain reliever Biology of Self

  • Biological Sex: sex at birth
  • Gender Roles: societal expectations based on gender
  • Sexual Orientation: sexuality (who you are attracted to)
  • Gender Identity: self concept of gender
  • Gender Expression: external appearances of gender identity
  • Transgender: people who have undergone gender transition
  • Gender Transition: changing genders (either by expression or surgery)
  • Gender Dysphoria: mismatch of biological sex and gender identity
  • SOGIE: Acronym for Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression ** Transwoman: M to F ** Transman: F to M Sexual Dysfunctions
  • May be of psychological, physical, or social origin. Types: o Desire Disorders: lack of sexual desire o Arousal Disorders: inability to be aroused o Orgasm Disorders: delay/absence of orgasm o Pain Disorders: pain during intercourse Female Sexual Disorders can be caused by: o Physiology (childbirth, breastfeeding, heart problems, etc.) o Psychology (depression, anxiety, etc.) o Interpersonal Relationships (partner inexperience, lack of partner) o Sociocultural Influences

Male Sexual Disorders: o Erectile Dysfunction o Premature Ejaculation o Delayed/Inhibited Ejaculation o Low Libido o Vaginismus Sexually Transmitted Diseases

  • Chlamydia: affects both men and women, by contact
  • Gonorrhea: “The Clap”, most common in men and women 15-24 yrs.
  • Syphilis: bacteria, sore o Primary Stage: canker sores o Secondary Stage: fever, weight loss, rashes o Latent Stage: no symptoms o Tertiary Stage: damage to vital organs
  • Chancroid: bacterial, open sores, common in Africa and in the Caribbeans
  • HPV/Human Papillomavirus: most common STD
  • Herpes: virus o HSV-1: oral o HSV-2: genital
  • Trichomoniasis: most common non-viral STD, parasite
  • Yeast Infection: fungal infection
  • Prostatitis: inflammation of the prostate
  • Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra
  • Epididymitis: inflammation of the epididymis LOVE Love according to the Greek:
  1. Philia: affectionate love, mind
  2. Pragma: enduring love, subconscious, long-term
  3. Storge: familiar love, memories
  4. Eros: romantic love, body, physical
  5. Ludus: playful love, emotion, flirtatious interest
  6. Mania: obsessive love, survival
  7. Philautia: self-love, soul
  8. Agape: selfless love, spirit, unconditional

MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

  1. Courtship
  2. Marriage
  3. Family Planning Family Planning RA 10354
  • Having the desired number of children when you want to have them.
  • For population control and population growth. Natural Methods of Contraception a. Abstinence b. Calendar Method: monitoring 28-day cycle c. Basal Body Temperature i. Dropped Temperature = ovulating ii. Raised Temperature = not ovulating d. Cervical Mucus Method i. Watery Mucus = ovulating ii. Not Watery = not ovulating e. Symptothermal Method: combined calendar, basal, and cervical mucus methods. f. Ovulation Detection: (kit) g. Coitus interruptus Artificial Methods a. Oral Contraceptive b. Transdermal Patch c. Vaginal Ring (silicon, surrounds cervix) d. Hormonal Injections e. Intrauterine Device f. Chemical Barriers (spermicide gels, creams) g. Condoms h. Surgical Methods (vasectomy, tubal ligation) i. Diaphragm (rubber disk fitting cervix) j. Cervical Cap (fits the rim of cervix) k. Subdermal Implant’

III. Material and Economic Self Materialism

  • The tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort more than spiritual values.
  • Can positively influence life satisfaction but may ruin people's relationships. ** We live in a materialistic world, where avarice is the main flaw. Consumerism
  • Theory and economic order encouraging acquisition of goods in increasing amounts. Material Self according to Belk
  • Possessions have become extensions of ourselves. Material Self according to William James
  • Understanding the self can be divided by (1) its constituents, (2) feelings, (3) actions.

Traditional Spiritual Beliefs in the Philippines Gods and Goddesses:

  1. Haliya – lunar goddess
  2. Bakunawa – serpent
  3. Dalikamata – clairvoyant goddess
  4. Bathala – creator
  5. Sitan – god of the lowerworld
  6. Aring Sinukulan – war and death
  7. Apolaki – sun, warriors
  8. Dumangan – harvest
  9. Dumakulem – mountains
  10. Dian Masalanta – lovers, childbirth, peace
  11. Libulan – moon, homosexuality
  12. Lakapati – fertility, agriculture
  13. Apung Malyari – moon ruler of the eight rivers
  14. Aman Sinaya – sea
  15. Anitun Tabu – wind and rain
  16. Idianale – labor, good death Demigods:
    1. Hanan – morning
    2. Tala – stars
    3. Mayari – moon Anito:
    4. Lakambini - purity
    5. Lakan Danum – waters
    6. Lakan Bakod – fences Mythical Creatures:
    7. Sirena
    8. Tikbalang
    9. Multo
    10. Encanto
  1. Tiyanak
  2. Lambana
  3. Undin
  4. Kapre
  5. Sigben
  6. Duwende
  7. Diwata
  8. Titktik
  9. Aswang Folk Magic and Healing:
  10. Manananggal
  11. Mangkukulam
  12. Mamababarang
  13. Albularyo
  14. Mananambal
  15. Babaylan
  16. Mangtatawas
  17. Manghihilot
  18. Faith Healers
  19. Psychic Healers
  20. Magpapaanak V. Political Self
  • expresses how social and economic contexts personally affect mental health and well-being. Politics
  • from the Greek word “politika” meaning affair of the cities
  • associated strongly with Plato, and Aristotle
  • making decisions in groups ** In sociology, politics is figuring out who holds the power and how they use it.

Social Influence according to Kelman

  1. Compliance
  2. Identification
  3. Internalization
  • Majority Influence: belief of majority
  • Minority Influence: individuals that change the opinions of others
  • Conformity: norms are followed to fit in
  • Compliance: shows conformity but personal beliefs remain intact
  • Identification: conforming to someone well respected
  • Internalization: accepting belief or behavior and conforming publicly and privately
  • Bandwagon: tendency to do what others do
  • Social media influencers BEING A FILIPINO **1898: Treaty of Paris **June 12, 1898: Independence day Philippine Flag
  • Was made by Marcela Mariño Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Delifina Herbosa Natividad
  • First displayed on the Battle of Alapcin (May 28, 1898)
  • RA 8491 Prohibited Acts against the Flag Traits and Values
  1. Hospitality
  2. Respect for Elders
  3. Close Family Ties
  4. Cheerful Personality
  5. Bayanihan
  6. Self-Sacrifice
  7. Balikbayan Mentality
  8. “Bahala na” Attitude
  1. Colonial Mentality
  2. Mañana Habit
  3. Ningas Kugon
  4. Crab Mentality
  5. Filipino Time
  6. Pride
  7. Blatant disregard for others
  8. Lack of self-discipline
  9. Children as retirement plans
  10. Utang na loob
  11. Parentification
  12. Romanticizing struggles Other Filipino Markers
  13. Salawikain (Proverbs)
  14. Sawikain (Idioms)
  15. Kasabihan (Sayings)
  16. Paniniwala (Superstition)
  17. Alamat (Legend/Folktale)
  18. Kathang-isip (Myths/Folklore)
  19. Heroes and Filipino Icons How to be a Good Filipino?
  20. Be an active citizen.
  21. Use your vote.
  22. Set a good example. (Follow the law)