Respiratory System: Anatomy, Functions, and Processes, Schemes and Mind Maps of Biology

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Respiratory System

Dr. Arzu GÜRSOY ERGEN

Araş. Gör. Duygu BERDİ

Functional anatomy of the respiratory system The process of physiological respiration includes two major parts: 1) External respiration : movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs

• The steps of external respiration include:
  • Pulmonary ventilation
  • Gas diffusion
  • Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide 2) Internal respiration : movement of oxygen from blood to the tissue cells and of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to blood

Human Respiration

• The respiratory system is divided into two parts, the upper and the lower.
• This presentation will focus on the lungs, which are in the lower respiratory tract.
• The human respiratory system consists of the lungs, bronchi and trachea.
• The lungs are located in the thoracic (chest) cavity, the area in the chest above the diaphragm.
• The heart is also located in the chest cavity.

Organs of the Respiratory system

• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs – alveoli Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lungs

The Trachea

• is also called the windpipe
• Lies in front of the esophagus
• Is a muscular passage leading to the lungs
• Is held open by a series of C-shaped rings of cartilage
• Divides into the right and left bronchus at about the level of the sternum

Bronchi

• The bronchi and its branches are often referred to as the Bronchial Tree
• 2 main bronchi branch off from the trachea and then continue to branch off inside of each lung
• Each bronchus separates and divides into smaller and smaller bronchioles
• Are the smallest branches of the bronchi
• At the end of the terminal bronchioles, there are alveoli (thin-walled air sacs)

• There is a right and left lung
• Each lung is divided into lobes by the major fissure.
• Right lung has 3 lobes – upper, middle and lower. Left

lung has 2 lobes – upper and lower.

• The lungs are each enclosed by pleura, a serous

membrane.

• The visceral pleura is attached to the surface of the lung.
• The parietal pleura lines the walls of the thoracic cavity.
• The right and left lung each contain a bronchial tree.
• Are made up of spongy tissue containing millions of

alveoli

The Lungs

The Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Figure 23. 11

Types of Respiration

• External

• Internal

External Respiration

• Is the exchange of 02 and C02 between the alveoli

and the capillaries

• The body takes in 02 during inspiration which travels

down through the lungs to the alveoli

• 02 passes through the walls of the alveoli into the

RBCs flowing through the capillaries

• RBCs pass C02 they received from the cells

throughout the body into the alveoli

• C02 is passed out of the body during expiration

An Overview of Key Steps in Respiration