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This study guide provides a collection of questions and answers related to environmental health and safety, covering topics such as water treatment, sanitation, and hazardous waste management. It is designed to help students prepare for the registered environmental health specialist (rehs) and registered sanitarian (rs) exams administered by the national environmental health association (neha). The guide covers a wide range of topics, including water quality, sanitation practices, and the identification and control of environmental hazards.
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When gas pipe is leaking, what methods would be used by the technician to identify the exact point of leakage? - Answer Using soap bubble solution
Which organization requires cover for baking dough - Answer BISSC (Baking Industry Sanitation Standards Committee)
The Registered Sanitarians are first and foremost: - Answer Educators
Common microorganism associated with skin rash in whirlpools? - Answer Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Complaining of extreme eye irritation by swimmers in a swimming pool may be: - Answer Improper pH value
Workers in dental care may receive: - Answer Mercury Vapor poisoning
Most accidents that occur in the home to infants aged 1-4 is caused by: - Answer Walking/falling
Most accidents around swimming pools: - Answer Drowning
Which can adversely effect the nerve cell? - Answer Neurotoxin
High rate of infection: - Answer Campylobacter jejuni -- usually found with Salmonella, caused by contaminated chicken source.
Most enteric disease: (Enteric-related to the digestive system) - Answer Norwalk virus
The LEAST amount of backfill over the absorption field should be: - Answer 12 inches (12-18'')
Best method to avoid UST (Underground Storage Tank)problems: - Answer Prevention from corrosion
Filters will: - Answer Reduce stray radiation
Swimmers ear is caused by: - Answer Pseudomonas
A principle for effective radiation protection: - Answer distance, time, shielding
Radiation could scatter and bounce off the - Answer wall, floor, ceiling
Know characteristics of alpha particles - Answer Are they made of protons & neutrons? Yes Is absorbed the most matter? No Do they have a high penetration rate? No
Minimum temperature for laundry in nursing home & health care facilities - Answer 160°F
Which test is initially used if water is suspected of contamination with fecal matter? - Answer FECAL coliform.
Which one is the correct sequence? - Answer Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation- filtration
The minimum retention time recommended for a septic tank is: - Answer 24 hours
Which filter is BEST to use for small communities in developing areas and in rural locations? - Answer Slow sand filter
Which filter is BEST for removal of Giardia cysts from low turbidity water - Answer Slow sand filter (DE is best for swimming pools and industrial water supplies, not drinking water)
Microbial pollution travels only a short distance through: - Answer Smooth clay
Backsiphonage may be prevented by all of the following methods except: - Answer Hydrostatic loops
Which of the following is NOT REQUIRED at a water treatment plant? - Answer A Pre- incident Plan
("A water treatment plant should have a well-equipped laboratory, certified operator, and qualified chemist" -pg 232 of old Salvato book)
Giardia is classified as a - Answer protozoa
Which one is most commonly transmitted by food or water? - Answer Hepatitis A
Entamoeba Histolytica is a - Answer Protozoa
Water containing Nitrates generally indicates? - Answer Evidence of agricultural pollution (Note: Ammonia in the water comes from decomposition of organic matter and is evidence of fresh water pollution.)
Microbial pollution only travels a short distance through: - Answer Sandy loam or clay (most dense soil type)
which of these techniques is used to properly seal a drilled well to prevent contamination of the water supply? - Answer Grouting
One of the most common reasons for the contamination of the water supply coming from a drilled well through rock, clay or hardpan is; - Answer Failure to seal the well casing properly, improper grouting
The flushometer valve is typically protected by? - Answer A non-pressure type vacuum breaker
A physical cross connection? - Answer Is a connection which may permit/allow the flow from an unapproved (non-potable, ie. sewer) water supply into a potable (approved) water supply.
Which type of filter is best to use to strain/remove amoebic cysts? - Answer Diatomaceous Earth Filter, Slow Sand and/or Cartridge
What makes water have a color? - Answer Dissolved Solids
The importance of surveys for new well water? - Answer Infiltration from ground water (also the importance of a sanitary survey for a water system is in order to determine the safety and adequacy of the water supply).
The importance of lime...to treat high concentrations of... - Answer contaminants (Lime is spread on surface discharge for the purpose of disinfection and to remove bacteria. Also, lime softening of water entails the addition of lime to the water supply, which can remove a lot of viruses and bacteria.)
Which one is best used to remove/control color, taste, and odor? - Answer GAC- granular activated carbon filter
Which type of filtration method is the least effective? - Answer Rapid sand filter
What are the four characteristics of hazardous wastes? - Answer TIRC - toxic, ignitable, reactive, and corrosive
Most institutions are? - Answer Their own communities
the importance of a ground fault interrupter? - Answer A ground-fault circuit breaker or interrupter will automatically shut off the electric power at the source, this device is activated when equipment (defective wire) permits current to flow into the ground directly or indirectly. (used at pools)
What is the most common type of injury that occurs at home? - Answer Falling (children 1-4)
Fire requirements - Answer Dual Egress
Asbestos found in older homes - Answer Found in homes built in and before the 1970's (found in floor tiles and acoustic plaster ceiling when it deteriorates.)
The drain line of an ice machine should connect to the sewer system through: - Answer An open receptacle with an air gap
Vent gasses from a coal-burning furnace combined with high moisture - Answer To produce sulfuric acid. (burning coal produces hydro carbons which mix with moisture which produce sulfuric acid)
What is the importance of a P-Trap? - Answer It's a plumbing device that prevents air from traveling back from the sewer line into the house.
The chimney should be how high above the home? - Answer 3 feet above a flat roof or 2 feet above the tallest part of a peaked roof or wall parapet.
In tattooing which is least important? - Answer Single dye ??
Minimum wash temperature for hospital laundry is? - Answer 160 degrees
Which one is associated with water percolation? - Answer Permeability
The majority of nasocrominal infections can be prevented by: - Answer Hand washing
What is a biohazard? - Answer A material of biological composition, especially if infective, that constitutes a threat to people or their environment.
The biosafety containment level suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment is: - Answer Biosafety Level 2
What are the minimum requirements for a house? - Answer Sleeping rooms less than 40 sq ft, living rooms less than 300 sq ft, 1.5 people per bedroom (if one answer is 1. person per room choose that as the answer because it is not a min requirement (overcrowding in a bedroom - minimum is >or=2xbed+2)?)
Temporary residence? - Answer Sleeping area of 40 sq ft
Salmonella is a: - Answer Bacteria
How can we control S. Enteritis (gastroenteritis) associated with eggs? - Answer Store and transport the eggs under refrigeration at an ambient air temperature of no more than 45 degrees
In daycare center patrons, what is a common problem? - Answer Food poisoning
The Fourth Amendment covers: - Answer Unreasonable/illegal search and seizure
Which is the best place to store shellfish in a walk in refrigerator? - Answer Far from the entrance door (on a lower shelf)
Which is not allowed in a school kitchen? - Answer Sanitizing towel
Which one is not a recommended dishwashing detergent? - Answer Phenol
What body part is the most likely to transmit disease? - Answer Hands
What is a good indicator for good frozen foods? - Answer Tightened water and air (no crystallization)
Which organism can be a test for the efficiency of canned foods? - Answer Clostridium botulinum (caused by improperly canned foods.)
What information is protected by HIPAA? (Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act) - Answer Personal Medical Data
What does negative phosphatase mean? (negative enzyme test) - Answer Proper pasteurization (Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme naturally present in all raw milks, which is used as an indicator of proper milk pasteurization. Complete pasteurization will inactivate the enzyme to below levels which are detectable by conventional methods. https://foodsafety.foodscience.cornell.edu/sites/foodsafety.foodscience.cornell.edu/files/ shared/documents/CU-DFScience-Notes-Milk-Alk-Phosphatase-11-07.pdf )
Egg heating? - Answer 145 (beef and fish too)
When inspecting fresh fish, look for: - Answer Red gills
In fried frozen chicken the critical point in HACCP principle is? - Answer Temperature to heat internally to 165 degrees
In the disposal of waste from a poultry processing unit the expected disease is: - Answer Salmonella
Who is authorized to regulate FIFRA (Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act)? - Answer EPA
HACCP is mainly designed for? - Answer All foods (but Salvato says the primary foods are those dealing with beef and chicken).
Which is the most common roach species in the kitchen and table area? - Answer German Cockroach
What is the most common contributing factor to foodborne illness? - Answer Improper holding temperatures
Which food does not require refrigeration at 41degrees? - Answer Ultra-pasteurized creamers
What is the maximum accumulated time that potentially hazardous food can safely be exposed to the temperature danger zone? - Answer 4 hours
Unpasteurized eggs not intended for immediate service should be cooked at? - Answer 155 degrees for 156 seconds
What is the most important rule of food storage? - Answer Follow the "First In, First Out" rule
Shellfish tags should be kept for how many days after the container is empty? - Answer 90 days
What is the appropriate procedure for bottle washing in a large plant? - Answer Wash, rinse, sanitize (and air dry) (NOTE: for hand washing dishes it is the same, except add "scrape" to the beginning.)
What is the minimum recommended space of Beach area per person? - Answer 50 sq ft (the range is 50 to 200 ft2 but the min is 50).
Skin irritation can be caused by prolonged exposure to water with a pH of? - Answer Below 7.4 or 7.0 (eye irritation is prolonged exposure to 7.4 and below as well)
The filter in a swimming pool should run for how long? - Answer Continuously
At what time interval should water in a spa, whirlpool or hot tub recirculate? - Answer Entire body of water should recirculate in 30 minutes (30 minute turnover rate)
In a recreational area with gender bathrooms, what is the ratio per person? - Answer Choose 200 (1 toilet per 200 people, 1 fixture for every 200 males and 1-99 females)
HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response) requirement apply to? - Answer Voluntary clean up at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
What are the Levels of Emergency Warning (ER Planning and Response)? - Answer Level 1-ALERT, Level 2-EMERGENCY, Level 3-GENERAL EMERGENCY (Level 1 is an alert to everyone that a hazard may exist, Level 2 is a site specific/area specific alert ER personnel only, and Level 3 is a general alert to all that ER does exist)
The senior emergency response official responding to an emergency is called? - Answer An Incident Commander
The US Dept. of Transportation (DOT) hazardous material regulations do what? - Answer identify the hazardous materials during the initial response phase of an accident.
What is the number ONE item, listed under emergency equipment and supplies? - Answer Water (2 gallons of water per person)
In case of disasters, the speed with which action may be implemented is dependent upon what? - Answer Prior plans for emergencies
Emergency shelters should provide a minimum of what per person? - Answer 30 square feet per person
What is the best way to protect a community drinking water supply/system from terrorist activity? - Answer Routine surveillance
Which duty is most important for health personnel during a disaster? - Answer Medical and dental services
Which ones are used as bioterrorist agents? - Answer Small pox and anthrax
Which one is not considered the responsibility of the incident commander during a disaster incident? - Answer Finance (financial)
During a disaster, Health Personnel are? - Answer First responders
Which of the following is NOT a major source of sulfur dioxide? - Answer Electrical substations
Which of the following is not a malodorous gas? - Answer Carbon Monoxide
What is a primary pollutant? - Answer One that is found in the atmosphere due to a natural reaction, found in its natural form.
Particle size selective inlets are used to separate particulates above and below 2- microns in size on? - Answer High volume samplers
The Ringleman Smoke Chart method of evaluating particle pollution in the atmosphere is being replaced by testing for what/or a determination of what? Also, the new method for concentration measurements? - Answer Opacity-percent opacity
Which of the following are examples of short-range primary pollutants? - Answer Total suspended solids and Sulfur dioxide.
The accumulation and/or increased concentration of a continuously emitted pollutant is what? - Answer Inversely proportional to wind speed
For workers, a sound level above ____ dBA should be considered unsafe for daily exposure over a period of months - Answer 90 dBA
The most common type of noise measurement device used for initial surveys to provide rapid evaluation and identification of potential problem areas is: - Answer The Sound Level Meter
Obtain a stack sample at what air flow speed? - Answer The same speed of flow that gases normally pass through the stack
The concentration resulting from a continuous emission of a pollutant is directly proportional to wind speed? - Answer FALSE (it's INVERSELY proportional)
Can the windward side of a mountain range can expect less or more precipitation due to the forced rising, expansion and cooling of moving air masses? - Answer More (The windward side of the mountain can expect MORE precipitation)
Which is best for noise control? - Answer Remove the source (can control noise at the source, in its path of transmission and where it's received) you can also add barriers but best is to remove the source.
The microbe responsible for skin infections in spa, whirlpools and hot tubs: - Answer Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What regulation provides the EPA authority to control the manufacturing, distribution, and use of new and existing (toxic) chemical substances that cause a risk of injury to health or the environment? - Answer Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
Prolonged exposure to asbestos can cause? - Answer Asbestosis and mesothelioma
Asbestos was used for: - Answer Acoustic ceiling tile , insulation products, and some floor materials, (ALL OF THE ABOVE)
The invasion of wounds that screw (attach themselves) into the skin of the noses of children? - Answer Myasis (is fly larvae or maggots which attach to the skin - considered an invasion or infestation).
Hantavirus is caused by? - Answer Deer mice (it affects the lungs)
The basic principles of disease control include all of the following except? - Answer Use of antibiotics (The basic principles of disease control are: control the disease source, mode of transmission, and susceptibility)
What is the mode of transmission of Scabies? - Answer Direct skin-to-skin contact (it originates from a MITE)
A water or food borne disease outbreak with a short incubation period is likely to be? - Answer Chemical
What is the best soil moisture for the survival of pathogens: - Answer 10- 20% saturation
What are the Toxins that attack the nerves - Answer Neurotoxin
When the atmosphere contains less than 19.5% what PPE is required - Answer Self- contained breathing apparatus (Humans need Oxygen levels above 19.5 percent)
House mice can carry the disease: - Answer Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, or LCM (it's a rodent-borne viral infectious disease)
The most effective measures for mosquito control it to? - Answer Eliminate the breeding places.
Which species appears to be the primary reservoir for hantavirus? - Answer Deer mice
Soil sterilants are a type of herbicide which are? - Answer Absorbed by the plant through the root system
House flies - Answer Only consume liquids and have to turn solid foods to liquids in order to ingest them.
The most wide spread cock roach found in a restaurant is: - Answer A German Cockroach
What is the most important aspect in controlling roaches? - Answer Maintaining good general sanitation
The disease most likely transmitted to restaurant customers as a result of the presence of rats in the food prep area is? - Answer Salmonellosis
Bubonic Plague was transmitted by? - Answer Oriental rat/oriental rat flea
Dengue Fever is transmitted by? - Answer Mosquitoes
Ehrlichiosis is caused by? - Answer Lone Star ticks (Amblyomma)
Lyme disease is caused by - Answer A tick bite (ixodes is the genus name for the tick)
Mus musculus is the genus name for? - Answer House mouse
Which insecticides can be used inside an individual's home? - Answer Warfarin & Redsquil (1080 is PROHIBITED from use in homes by the general public)
What is the importance of using biodegradable plastics for sanitary landfills? - Answer Not to contaminate the groundwater
What is the EPA's Toxic Substances Control Act? - Answer Regulates the production and use of chemical substances that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health and/or the environment.
During an agricultural waste incident we can experience all of the following except? - Answer Sulfuric Acid (We can experience methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia)
Which one is the best for solid waste disposal? - Answer Upper and lower lining for leachate draining (the lining will prevent the leaking of the leachate - maintain a 10 foot buffer from the bottom liner to the bedrock).
What is the best for an UST (Underground Storage Tank) - Answer Protect it from corrosion
A small quantity generator of hazardous wastes is considered to be one that generates no more than how much hazardous waste in a calendar month? - Answer 1000 kg (small quantity generator range is 100kg to 1000kg)
How long can 6000 kg of hazardous wastes be stored onsite...no more than 6000kg can be stored for up to how long? - Answer 6months (for a generator that creates more than 100 kg of hazardous waste during any calendar month, the 90 day storage limit period begins on the first date that any amount of hazardous waste begins to accumulate during the month)
In good soils with appropriate geology, landfill sites should be at least how far from streams, lakes or other surface bodies of water? - Answer 200 feet
ALL OF THE ABOVE (COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand - capacity of water to consume oxygen during the decomposition of organic and inorganic matter).)
Which of the following are least important in reducing sewage to soil, liquids and/ or gases? - Answer Anaerobic bacteria (Sewage requires oxygen to breakdown sludge, also earth worms, and aerobic bacteria are ALL GOOD).
The traditional absorption field should be laid in trenches not more than how far below the ground surface? - Answer 24 inches to the top (36 inches to the bottom)
What is BOD - Answer BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand (is the amount of dissolved oxygen that must be present in water in order in order for microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in the water. Used as a measure of the degree of pollution.)
Which complaint need response first? - Answer Report of illness and absence at day care
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is most commonly found in - Answer Shellfish
Amoebic dysentery is caused by - Answer protozoa / parasite
vector for encephalitis (Chikungunya) - Answer Mosquitoes
Vector for Dengue Fever - Answer Mosquitoes
Typhoid fever is caused by - Answer The housefly (Musca Domestica)
Family has bites, itch and bump which is caused by all EXCEPT - Answer tick does not create itching bumps (louse, bedbug and mites all create itching bumps)
Humidifier in nursery - Concern for sanitarian because - Answer moisture in the air to increase bacteria growth and cause infection, mold can grow
Psychrophiles thrive in which temperatures - Answer 50F (or lowest temp given)
What is a psittacosis - Answer Parrott
This can withstand high heat for extended period so is perfect for testing the autoclave.
How do you test for Giardia - Answer Molecular testing
Order from most important to least: Core, Priority, Priority foundation - Answer Priority, Priority foundation, Core
What is the purpose of Emergency Guide Book from Department of Transportation? - Answer Quickly identify emergency hazards; deal with Transportation hazards within the first 30 minutes
Which food can be saved after a flood: - Answer sealed canned food or retort Pouches
What pest or vector is NOT a Health concern after a flood - Answer Spider
Who response to terrorist? - Answer
What should the Cyanuric acid level be in a swimming pool - Answer 30-50mg/L (https://dphhs.mt.gov/Portals/85/publichealth/documents/FCS/CyanuricAcidforwebsite.p df)
(DPHHS-Food & Consumer Safety Section does not recommend the use of cyanuric acid or stabilized chlorine in hot tubs or spas. )
What should the Chlorine level be in a swimming pool? - Answer 1 ppm in pools (https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/residential/disinfection-testing.html)
In a pool, which disinfectant is in active oxidation: - Answer Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) (www.b2epc.com/publications/Disinfectants.pdf )
Fill and draw wading pool should be - Answer prohibited (https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/pdf/designing-public-swimming-facilities- factsheet.pdf Fill and draw pool means a swimming pool in which the principal means of cleaning is the complete draining of the pool and subsequent replacement of water from a fill source)
Calculation for pool turnover rate - Answer Pool Volume/Flow rate X 60 (minutes in hour)= Turnover Rate (https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/publications/books/housing/cha14.htm Following is a sample calculation of the pool content turnover rate using the rate of flow reading from the flow meter: Turnover rate = 90,000 (gallons in pool)/180 gallons per minute x 60 (minutes in hour) i.e. 8.3-hour turnover rate = 90,000 (pool volume in gallons)/10,800)
What temperature should you store pool test chemicals - Answer Store in a "cool" location and keep away from heat (Possible answers: freezing, 32-70F, 36- 85F, 100F or above https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2013-11/documents/spalert.pdf )
What temp do you store Pooled eggs that have not been treated for Salmonella - Answer 41F
( https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get- answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/freezing-and-food- safety/CT_Index/!ut/p/a1/jZFRT8IwEIB_DY9dbw7J8G1ZYtiUTYJK2Qsp7NYt2dqlrU RZ8EQNK-9LefV- ud6UFZbSQ_L0R3DZK8vZwLyYbWMDEn8aQ5lP_HpLsdZE_xDGEy1sHrP8AsuBK_8K K4D8_vaLAjZ7Hc0GLntuaNLJSlAm0hEszoDaUVUqVxPAK7Sep- M4SUyNalzjEyDFbc1m2jRQO1oh7d3J6SX6YlMXPm0SW- EFXtDh9FfhuJ1mwHM_SLIB8_Bs4M7Zv4PJcXOOiVdvjH60juQ1C16HGCjVq7027cG1t b-5GMIJhGDyhlGjR26luBOeUWhlL2SlJ--6F7R-jGTRP3So00RewPo06/#8 )
What is the critical control point - Answer A step at which control can be applied and is essential to prevent or eliminate a food safety hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level. (https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/HACCP/ucm2006801.htm#defs https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/332-033.pdf )
What is a Control Point - Answer Any step at which biological, chemical, or physical factors can be controlled. (https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/HACCP/ucm2006801.htm#defs https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/332-033.pdf )
NOT REQUIRED at handwashing sink - Answer Sanitary towels (https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/332-033.pdf pg 88)
Moderating the temperature from -4F to 25F which aids in deep frying is called - Answer Slacking ("SLACKING" means the process of moderating the temperature of a food such as allowing a food to gradually increase from a temperature of -10°F (-23°C) to 25°F (-4°C) in preparation for deep-fat frying or to facilitate even heat penetration during the cooking of previously block-frozen food such as shrimp https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/332-033.pdf Definitions)
Meat inspection corresponds with which shape - Answer circle
Distance from sewage disposal and water line in mobile home - Answer 10ft (https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/337-039.pdf pg 41 table IV)
Septic tank set up, what is NOT important - Answer Distance to bedrock (https://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/337-039.pdf pg 41 table IV)
How to tell what are seasonal water table levels EXCEPT - Answer bored hole (difficulty of inspection of the resulting surface (size, form, surface roughness))
Workers at wastewater treatment plant get - Answer Hepatitis A (https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-149/pdfs/biosolidsb.pdf )
Which one move fastest in soil - Answer bacteria
What is a Cathode - Answer The electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction is the principal reaction. (Electrons flow toward the cathode in the external circuit.)
What are the forms of corrosion protection for underground pipes? - Answer Corrosion protection can be achieved through a combination of material selection, system design, and coatings (https://www.nace.org/uploadedFiles/Corrosion_Central/Industries/SP028511%20for% 0State%20of%20New%20York.pdf)
Soil Resistivity is - Answer Low-resistivity soils are usually more corrosive than high- resistivity soils ( however, serious corrosion can also be associated with high-resistivity soils, particularly when the soil composition is not uniform. )
What stop alpha particles: - Answer A sheet of paper (or a few inches of air)
Reduce lead poisoning by - Answer eliminating lead in paint ( https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/tips.htm )
Paint in house before 1978 - Answer contain lead ( https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/tips.htm )
House has gas oven, need to check for smoke detector and what: - Answer CO detector
Household Hazardous waste - how to dispose: - Answer exempt from RCRA
MCL - Answer Maximum contaminate Level
Prevalence rate - Answer is the proportion of persons in a population who have a particular disease or attribute at a specified point in time or over a specified period of time.
Max permissible dose? - Answer Maximum permissible dose limits for adult radiation workers apply to any combination of dose received from external or internal exposure. https://ehs.research.uiowa.edu/31-maximum-permissible-dose-limits
Silicosis Is caused by: - Answer silica dust https://www.osha.gov/Publications/silicosis.html