Quiz%#7%Key%–%All%labs%
%
1.%Define:%
%
Coenzyme%–%A%coenzyme%is%a%non‐protein%organic%group%capable%of%interacting%with%
an%apoenzyme%to%form%a%holoenzyme.%%Examples%of%coenzymes%include%NAD,%FAD,%
NADP,%coenzyme‐A%and%coenzyme‐Q%(ubiquinone).%%One%function%of%coenzymes%is%
the%binding%and%releasing%of%electrons%and%hydrogen%protons,%thus%they%can%be%
alternately%reduced%and%oxidized%during%chemical%reactions.%%In%their%reduced%form,%
coenzymes%store%considerable%energy.%
%
Glycolysis%–%Glycolysis%means%literally%the%breakdown%of%sweets,%and%is%a%metabolic%
pathway%allowing%for%the%catabolism%of%glucose%molecules.%%Each%glucose%molecule%
catabolized%yields%two%molecules%of%pyruvic%acid,%and%the%energy%released%is%used%to%
form%two%molecules%of%ATP%(net)%via%substrate%level%phosphorylation.%%Two%
molecules%of%NAD%are%reduced%during%the%process.%
%
Photophosphorylation%–%Photophosphorylation%reactions%allow%for%the%production%
of%ATP%using%light%as%the%energy%source.%%Only%phototrophs%can%make%ATP%in%this%
manner.%
%
2.%Decreasing%the%increments%of%activation%energy%required%to%initiate%chemical%
reactions.%
%
3.%Apoenzyme/%cofactor%
%
4.%Cytochromes/%reduced%
%
5.%Temperature/%light%%(Note%–%Inhibitors%only%decrease%enzyme%activity%and%
enhancers%only%increase%it.)%
%
6.%Kinase/%constitutive%
%
7.%Pyruvic%acid%
%
8.%Cellular%respiration/%Carbon%dioxide%is%produced%from%the%carboxyl%groups%
removed%from%organic%acids%just%prior%to%and%during%the%Krebs%cycle.%%Each%carboxyl%
group%can%pass%electrons%and%a%hydrogen%proton%to%NAD,%forming%NADH%+%H+,%and%
what%remains%of%the%carboxyl%group%is%carbon%dioxide,%a%waste%gas.%%Please%note%–%
This%process%has%nothing%to%do%with%glucose%or%molecular%oxygen.%
%
9.%Acetyl%Co‐A%
%
10.%Krebs%cycle/%Calvin‐Benson%cycle%
%
11.%Bacteriochlorophylls/%bacteriorhodopsin%
