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SCIENCES Sotoza, K., Villa, A., Reutotar, D., Yamson, AL., Rabago, HA., Amay, AC., Angco, J., & Balacillo, HC. Quantitative Study on the Relationship Between Toilet-use Satisfaction and Student’s Well-being****. UNP: BS
QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON TOILET-USE SATISFACTION AND
STUDENT’S SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING
A Research Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject Psy 108- Field Methods in Psychology Submitted by: Sotoza, Kristoffer Villa, Aljonette Reutotar, Danielle Yamson, Ann Lexly Rabago, Hyacinth Abcdee Amay, Alby Clark Angco, Jeanina Balacillo, Hans Christian Researchers Submitted to: Alexandria Blake Cay Real-Pisalbo Faculty-in-charge November 2023
SCIENCES Sotoza, K., Villa, A., Reutotar, D., Yamson, AL., Rabago, HA., Amay, AC., Angco, J., & Balacillo, HC. Quantitative Study on the Relationship Between Toilet-use Satisfaction and Student’s Well-being****. UNP: BS
Quantitative Study on Toilet-use Satisfaction and
Student’s Subjective Well-being
Kristoffer S. Sotoza, Aljonette M. Villa, Danielle Reutotar, Ann Lexly Yamson, Hyacinth Abcdee Rabago, Alby Clark Amay, Jeanina Angco, & Hans Christian Balacillo. Quantitative Study on the Relationship Between Toilet-use Satisfaction and Student’s Well-being. UNP: Bachelor of Science in Psychology 3D (2023). Abstract This study sought to determine whether toilet satisfaction and students' subjective well- being—both graduate and undergraduate—at the University of Northern Philippines were related. The condition or accessibility of the restrooms may have an effect on students' ability to focus in class and experience positive well-being. This study used a quantitative research design utilizing a correlational technique because it provides for a more accurate assessment of the association between students' subjective well-being and toilet satisfaction. A constructed questionnaire was used for the study to measure toilet-use satisfaction and student subjective well-being questionnaire (SSWQ), which looks for any relationship between student's subjective well-being and toilet satisfaction. By using a random sampling technique, the study included three hundred forty-six (346) participants. The study's findings indicated that although there is no sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis—which holds that there is no connection between students' subjective well-being and toilet satisfaction—students may display positive well-being. The study's conclusions suggest that students can achieve academic success and have positive well-being despite their level of toilet satisfaction. Keywords: Toilet-use satisfaction; student well-being; quantitative; correlational Introduction Sustainable Development Goal 6, often referred to as SDG 6, seeks to guarantee universal access to water and sanitation. This goal not only focuses on making water resources sustainable but also aims to provide safe water and sanitation facilities. These essentials play a pivotal role in fostering economic growth and productivity, amplifying the returns on investments made in the fields of health and education (NEDA, n.d.). During the High-Level Political Forum for Sustainable Development (HLPF) at the United Nations Headquarters in New York on July 12, 2022, Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique A. Manalo reaffirmed the Philippines' commitment to prioritizing the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Secretary Manalo presented the country's third Voluntary National Review (VNR), highlighting the progress made in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Kelly Ann Naylor, UNICEF’s Global Chief of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) emphasized the importance of providing children with access to water and sanitation for a quality education. She stressed that education is a means for children to break free from poverty, and access to water and sanitation is indispensable for children to make the most of their education while staying safe and healthy. Naylor also mentioned the challenge of securing funding to establish and sustain basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services in all schools. According to UNICEF's 2016 global data, deficiencies in school sanitation and hygiene services were widespread. Only 66 percent of schools worldwide offered
SCIENCES Sotoza, K., Villa, A., Reutotar, D., Yamson, AL., Rabago, HA., Amay, AC., Angco, J., & Balacillo, HC. Quantitative Study on the Relationship Between Toilet-use Satisfaction and Student’s Well-being****. UNP: BS explore language risks. Northern Ireland Education and Library Boar's study reinforces the importance of a positive classroom environment in minimizing behavioral issues and promoting positive thinking and behavior (A Clean School Creates a Positive Learning Environment, 2016). Extending beyond academic settings, a positive learning environment significantly influences students' subjective well-being, reflecting their perception of life going well. Such an environment fosters connections with peers and teachers, contributing to a sense of belonging and heightened self-esteem, resulting in improved mental health outcomes, including reduced anxiety and depression (Teaching Proper Hygiene and Sanitation a Challenge -DepEd, 2020). Recognizing the integral role of a positive environment, it becomes crucial for schools to ensure conducive toilet facilities. Inadequate sanitation in schools, especially in developing regions, poses a threat to the education of millions of children, risking illnesses due to poor hygiene and subsequent school absences. The significance of this study lies in its exploration of the often-overlooked but critical aspect of toilet-use satisfaction among university students and its potential impact on their subjective well-being. Understanding the level of toilet-use satisfaction across various colleges within the university is essential as it provides insights into the specific needs and experiences of students in different academic disciplines. This knowledge can inform targeted interventions to enhance the overall campus experience for students. Additionally, assessing the subjective well-being of students in terms of joy of learning, school connectedness, educational purpose, academic efficiency, and overall subjective well-being offers a holistic perspective on their emotional and academic experiences. Identifying variations in well-being across different colleges allows for tailored support systems and initiatives to address specific challenges faced by students in each academic domain. Specially, it aims to answer the following:
- What's the level of toilet-use satisfaction of students from 16 colleges of the University?
- What is the level of subjective well- being of students per colleges in terms of joy of learning, school connectedness, educational purpose, academic efficiency, subjective well- being?
- What's the relationship of the student’s toilet-use satisfaction of students as a whole and subjective well-being of students? The overarching objective of examining the relationship between toilet- use satisfaction and subjective well-being holds practical implications for university administrators, policymakers, and student support services. If a positive correlation is found, it underscores the importance of maintaining satisfactory toilet facilities to contribute to students' overall well-being. On the other hand, if a negative correlation exists, it prompts a reassessment of facilities to ensure a conducive and positive environment for students. In summary, this study serves as a valuable contribution to the enhancement of the university environment by shedding light on the nuanced relationship between toilet-use satisfaction and subjective well- being, ultimately fostering a more supportive and enriching educational experience for students across diverse disciplines. Methodology A total of 346 students were randomly selected from 16 colleges at the University of Northern Philippines. The selection included students who were free and not busy during the administration of
SCIENCES Sotoza, K., Villa, A., Reutotar, D., Yamson, AL., Rabago, HA., Amay, AC., Angco, J., & Balacillo, HC. Quantitative Study on the Relationship Between Toilet-use Satisfaction and Student’s Well-being****. UNP: BS the study to ensure their availability and willingness to participate. A survey questionnaire served as the primary tool to examine the relationship between toilet-use satisfaction and students' subjective well-being. The survey questionnaire comprises a total of 28 items, covering various aspects. Part 1 addresses the student's profile and includes two questions. Part 2 focuses on the student's toilet-use satisfaction, validated by a registered psychologist and psychometrician, and consists of twelve questions. Part 3 encompasses the student subjective well-being questionnaire (SSWQ), a psychometric test derived from EdInstruments, and includes sixteen questions. The questionnaire employed a Likert scale, allowing participants to express their level of satisfaction and subjective well-being, ranging from 'very dissatisfied' to 'very satisfied' and 'almost never' to 'almost always,' ranging from one (1) to four (4) respectively. This study employed a quantitative method with a correlational design. The variables under investigation were toilet- use satisfaction and students' subjective well-being. Participants who were available and free from their classes were approached to determine their willingness to participate in the survey. After obtaining their consent and signature on the consent form, participants were debriefed about the nature and purpose of the study, including the instructions for the survey questionnaire. Subsequently, participants completed the survey questionnaire, contributing to the quantitative data collection process. The careful selection and systematic approach aimed to ensure a representative sample and valid results for the study. Results Table 1 Demographics of Respondents Colleges f % CPAD 17 4. CMED 15 4. CLAW 15 4. CAS 27 7. CARCH 20 5. CCJE 18 5. CSW 16 4. CBAA 17 4. CCIT 26 7. CFAD 14 4. CHTM 17 4. CTECH 31 9. COE 32 9. CTE 28 8. CN 23 6. CHS 30 8. Total 346 100 Table 1 presents the total number of participants. A total of 346 students participated in this study. The College of Engineering had the highest number of participants, with 32 students (9.20%), while the College of Fine Arts and Design had the fewest participants, with 14 students (4%). Table 2 displays the item mean (x̅) ratings reflecting the level of toilet-use satisfaction. The College of Technology achieved the highest average mean rating a 3.00, indicating a state of "Satisfied." Conversely, the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Health Sciences obtained the lowest average mean rating of 1.99, denoting a state of "Dissatisfied." In summary, the overall average rating for students is 2.28, characterizing their satisfaction level as "Dissatisfied."
SCIENCES Sotoza, K., Villa, A., Reutotar, D., Yamson, AL., Rabago, HA., Amay, AC., Angco, J., & Balacillo, HC. Quantitative Study on the Relationship Between Toilet-use Satisfaction and Student’s Well-being****. UNP: BS Table 2 Level of Student’s Toilet-use Satisfaction Legend: Quantitative Rating Descriptive Rating
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Dissatisfied
Very Dissatisfied
SCIENCES Sotoza, K., Villa, A., Reutotar, D., Yamson, AL., Rabago, HA., Amay, AC., Angco, J., & Balacillo, HC. Quantitative Study on the Relationship Between Toilet-use Satisfaction and Student’s Well-being****. UNP: BS Table 3 Level of Student’s Subjective Well-being Legend: For Joy of Learning, School Connectedness, Educational Purpose, and Academic Efficacy: Quantitative Rating Descriptive Rating 14- Almost Always 10- Often 6- Sometimes 4- Almost Never^ For Subjective Well-being:^ Quantitative Rating Descriptive Rating 56- Almost Always 40- Often 24- Sometimes 16- Almost Never
SCIENCES Sotoza, K., Villa, A., Reutotar, D., Yamson, AL., Rabago, HA., Amay, AC., Angco, J., & Balacillo, HC. Quantitative Study on the Relationship Between Toilet-use Satisfaction and Student’s Well-being****. UNP: BS fragrance as the most influential aspect. This suggests that, with administrative action, higher levels of satisfaction can be achieved. It also indicates a need for further investigation into the specific amenities required in restroom facilities. On the students’ subjective well- being, the average rating characterized an often good feeling about their school- specific well-being. Unlike toilet-use, the differences in the scores among the colleges are less pronounced. Respondents, irrespective of their courses, generally hold a positive perception of their school performance. Regarding the subscales, academic efficacy receives the highest rating, while joy of learning receives the lowest, although both reflect similar descriptive evaluations. Results imply that students possess a positive attitude toward school tasks and find a sense of purpose in performing them. They also express feelings of connection to their peers and a sense of security within the university. Overall, respondents reported respectable performance in their classes. It is crucial to consider the subjective nature of these ratings. The results rely on students' personal assessments of their own performance. The accuracy of the scores predicates on the honesty of the respondents. These findings align with a study conducted by Galvez and colleagues (2023) on secondary students from a private non-sectarian educational institution in Bulacan. The study explored the relationship between students’ well- being and their year level. It concluded that students, regardless of their grade levels, maintain a positive outlook toward school and exhibit satisfactory levels of academic efficacy, educational purpose, and joy of learning. This implies that, in general, students from various age groups and backgrounds are capable of fostering an optimistic attitude on their academic experience. In essence, while toilet satisfaction may not directly impact well-being, it offers crucial cues for enhancing students' campus experience. Conclusion The importance of sanitation in university restrooms cannot be overstated, as evidenced by the findings of this research study. While the study primarily aimed to explore the correlation between students' satisfaction with university toilets and their academic well-being, it revealed a weak positive correlation. Although no significant association was found between toilet satisfaction and overall subjective well-being, the disparities in satisfaction levels among different colleges are noteworthy. The College of Technology exhibited relatively higher satisfaction, while the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Health Sciences showed lower levels of satisfaction. Crucially, the study highlighted specific areas of concern within restroom facilities, particularly the lack of basic products such as toilet paper, water, and soap. This deficiency in essential amenities might contribute to the overall dissatisfaction reported by students. Despite these concerns, there seems to be a positive perception of academic well-being among respondents, with academic efficacy rated the highest. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the subjective nature of these ratings, emphasizing the reliance on students' personal assessments of their own performance. In conclusion, while the study provides valuable insights into the relationship between restroom satisfaction and academic well-being, it underscores the need for universities to prioritize and address sanitation issues in restroom facilities. Enhancing these facilities can contribute not only to the physical well-
SCIENCES Sotoza, K., Villa, A., Reutotar, D., Yamson, AL., Rabago, HA., Amay, AC., Angco, J., & Balacillo, HC. Quantitative Study on the Relationship Between Toilet-use Satisfaction and Student’s Well-being****. UNP: BS being of students but also to their overall satisfaction with the university environment, potentially positively influencing their academic experiences. Recommendations Based on the insights gained from this research, several key recommendations are proposed to enhance the overall well-being of university students. First and foremost, it is imperative that the university administration takes prompt action to improve sanitation facilities on campus. The reported low levels of satisfaction with restroom amenities, particularly the lack of essential products like toilet paper, water, and soap, underscore the need for consistent and sufficient supplies. This improvement is essential to address the immediate concerns raised by students and foster a more positive and comfortable environment. Furthermore, it is strongly recommended that future research explores the gender-specific aspects of restroom facilities. While the study highlighted disparities in satisfaction levels among different colleges, a more nuanced understanding of how restroom conditions affect both male and female students is crucial. Special attention should be given to the unique challenges faced by women, especially concerning menstrual hygiene management. Investigating the effects of limited restroom facilities on women's well-being during menstruation is essential for creating inclusive and supportive campus environments. Adequate facilities, privacy considerations, and the availability of hygiene products are pivotal aspects that should be addressed to ensure the comfort and dignity of female students. Additionally, the university should conduct a more comprehensive assessment of restroom availability, taking into account factors such as the frequency of toilet use, students’ profiles, and the number of available toilets per college or building. This detailed analysis can provide a clearer understanding of the relationship between restroom satisfaction and academic well-being, enabling the university to implement targeted interventions where they are most needed. Alongside facility improvements, the university should also consider implementing wellness programs and resources that support students' overall well-being, addressing not only physical comfort but also mental and emotional health. Collaborating with health services to ensure proper facilities, hygiene products, and information for women's menstrual hygiene management is integral to creating a campus environment that prioritizes the specific needs of all students. Implementing these recommendations collectively will contribute to a more inclusive, supportive, and holistic approach to student well-being at the university. References: A Clean School Creates a Positive Learning Environment. (2016, January 1). Education Business. https://tinyurl.com/z36creka Dagoc, R. L., Manundo, A. A., Paler, M. G. S., Quintana, D. A. M., Salem, C. D. M., & Yabut, C. B. (2020). The Level of Students Restroom Satisfaction of Saint Michael College of Caraga, Philippines. SMCC INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, 1(1), 1-1. DepEd Memorandum No. 298 Series of 2008. (2008). Department of Education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp- content/uploads/2018/10/DM_s2008_ 98.pdf
