Download Purdue Bio203 Exam 2 Test Bank Latest 2025-2026. Questions & Correct Answers. Graded A and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Purdue Bio203 Exam 2 Test Bank
Latest 2025-2026. Questions & Correct
Answers. Graded A
_______ of the foot turns the sole of the foot laterally – ANS Eversion -70mV Resting membrane potential – ANS E A _____ is a type of mobile fibrous joint in which bones are held together by a band of long collagen fibers – ANS syndesmosis A bony immovable joint is called a(n) - ANSSynostosis A damaged ________ nerve fiber may regenerate if its soma is intact and some neurolemma remains - ANSperipheral A joint between carpal bones is a? - ANSPlane joint A joint that is extended beyond zero position is said to be what? - ANSHyperextended A lesion in which structure would cause a person to have an erratic waking/sleeping cycle? - ANSSuprachiasmatic nucleus A lever that would produce more speed or distance than the force exerted on it - ANSA lever with mechanical advantage of less than 1.
A lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the bones is found where - ANSSynovial joints A movement that turns the palm forward or upward is called? - ANSSupination A muscle is described as having an indirect attachment if what is true? - ANSThe muscle ends in a tendon and the tendon attaches to the bone A muscle that holds a bone steady during an action is called a(n) - ANSFixator A muscle that is acting as a synergist during a joint action may do which of the following? - ANS-Contract together with the prime mover to produce more power -Modify the direction of the movement produced by the prime mover -Stabilize a joint to restrict undesirable movements of a bone A pubic symphysis is an example of which type of joint? - ANSCartilaginous A strip of tough collagenous tissue attaching a bone to another bone is called a - ANSLigament A synovial joint cavity is enclosed by which of the following? - ANSJoint capsule
At the synaptic knob of the motor neuron, calcium stimulates exocytosis of the synaptic vesicles to release the neurotransmitter ________ - ANSAcetylcholine At the threshold, voltage-gated Na+ channels open quickly - ANSB Axonal transport - ANSTwo-way passage of proteins, organelles, and other materials along an axon Based on structure, the sagittal suture is what type of joint? - ANSFibrous Because it is a freely moveable joint, a synovial joint is called a what? - ANSDiarthosis joint Bundles of axons make up which matter? - ANSWhite matter Calcium is stored where in a skeletal muscle cell? - ANSSarcoplasmic reticulum Circular muscles that form rings around body openings are also called? - ANSSphincters Correctly classify the shown joint as fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial (Suture) - ANSfibrous Crossed-extensor reflex - ANSMarked by actions to stabilize the limb opposite of injurious agents
Is contralateral Marked by actions that stabilize the contralateral limb Degeneration of the neurons in which structure leads to muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease? - ANSSubstantia nigra Descending Tract - ANSMedial vestibulospinal tract Medial reticulospinal tract Lateral corticospinal tract Tectospinal tract During contraction, the cocked myosin head binds to an exposed active site on the actin protein of the ________ filament to form a cross-bridge - ANSthin During elbow flexion, the triceps brachii act as a(n) - ANSantagonist of the biceps brachii Endocrine system - ANSSlower communication Chemical only Blood transport Utilizes hormones Growth Gamete production Ependymal cells - ANSCiliated cells resembling epithelium Produce and circulate CSF
How are individual joints typically named? - ANSBased on the names of the bones involved in the joint How does an action potential move deep into the muscle cell? - ANSVia the T-tubules How much does a muscle fiber shorten from a single cycle of power and recovery strokes by all the myosin heads? - ANS1% of its resting length Hyperextension at the knee is prevented by which ligament - ANSAnterior cruciate Hyperpolarization - ANSD Identify the movement indicated by the arrow (arm inwards) - ANSMedial rotation If a lever's mechanical advantage is 1.0 or greater, what is true? - ANSThe lever produces more force (but less speed or distance) than the force exerted on it If the cerebrum was no longer able to communicate with the midbrain, what type of tract would you suspect has been damaged? - ANSProjection In a musculoskeletal lever system, what force does the muscle contraction provide? - ANSEffort
In addition to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, what other muscles stabilize the shorter joint? - ANSTeres minor, biceps brachii, subscapularis In an NMJ, after acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft, where does it bind to ligand-gated channels? - ANSOn the sarcolemma In contrast to the action potential, the ________ potential causes the opening of ion channels - ANSend-plate In flexing the elbow, the prime mover is? - ANSBrachialis In order from top to most caudal - ANSDicenphalon Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata In which movement does a bone spin on its longitudinal axis? - ANSRotation Intervertebrated discs comprised of fibrocartilage are found within what type of joints? - ANSSymphyses Joints with an interosseous membrane are example of which type of fibrous joint? - ANSSyndesmoses List the types of cartilaginous joints - ANSSymphyses and synchondroses
On its outer surface, the epimysium is continuous with which of the following? - ANSFascia Peripheral Nervous System - ANSRootlets Posterior root Sacral plexus Posterior root ganglion Ventral ramus Projections extending from the inner surface of the epimysium form which of the following? - ANSPerimysium Radioulnar joint is a? - ANSPivot joint Reaching forward to open a door involves which action of the shoulder joint? - ANSProtraction Reflexes have four important properties: they require stimulation, they are quick, they are involuntary, and they are stereotyped - ANSTrue Rotation of the bent upper limb of the shoulder, bringing the forearm towards the midline of the body is an example of? - ANSMedial rotation Satellite cells - ANSSurround and insulate cells of the PNS and found around somas
Schwann cells - ANSForm myelin sheath in PNS Insulate neurons and enhance the rate of transmission in PNS Sensation is lost here due to damage of the cervical spinal nerves - ANS Sensation is lost here due to damage of the lumbar spinal nerves - ANS Sensation is lost here due to damage of the sacral spinal nerves - ANS Sensation is lost here due to damage of the thoracic spinal nerves - ANS Severing the spinal cord here would result in paraplegia - ANS Severing the spinal cord here would result in quadriplegia - ANS Slow anterograde transport - ANSMovement of enzymes and cytoskeletal components down the axon to renew worn-out axoplasmic components Spinal cord - ANSGray commissure Posterior horn Anterior funiculus Lateral spinothalamic tract Posterior funiculus Spinal cord anatomy - ANS
The epiphyseal plate in a growing bone is an example of what type of joint?
- ANSSynchondrosis The fusion of the right and left mandible into a single mandible bone during fetal development is an example of the formation of what kind of joint? - ANSSynostosis The glenohumeral joint is where the ______ of the scapula meets the humerus - ANSglenoid cavity The great majority of which tracts pass through the corpus callosum? - ANSCommissural The inner layer of a joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid is called the membrane - ANSSynovial The joint capsule of the knee encloses which aspects of the knee joint? - ANSLateral and posterior The neocortex contains which of the following cells? - ANSPyramidal and stellate cells The outer layer of the cerebrum, called the cerebral ________, is formed by gray matter - ANScortex The prevailing theory regarding muscle contraction is called the - ANSSliding Filament Theory
The proximal radioulnar joint ______part of the hinge action at the elbow joint - ANSis not The regeneration tube guides the growing sprout back to the original target cells, reestablishing ___________ contact - ANSsynaptic The right and left cerebral hemispheres make up which part of the brain? - ANSCerebrum The tendons of which muscles form the rotator cuff? - ANSSupraspinatus, infraspinatu, teres minor, subscapularis The term caudal means - ANStoward the tail The term rostral means - ANStoward the nose/forehead The three-layer fibrous membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are collectively called the? - ANSMeninges The two C-shaped cartilages found in the joint cavity of the knee are collectively called the - ANSmenisci The white matter of the brain consists of which of the following? - ANSTracts
True or False: The anatomical name of a joint is determined by the manner in which the bone ends are connected at the joint - ANSFalse True or false: Ulnar flexion tilts the hand laterally at the wrist? - ANSFalse Ulnar-humeral joint is a? - ANSHinge joint Voltage-regulated K+ channels open - ANSC What are articular discs, as the one in the temporomandibular joint, made of? - ANSFibrocartilage What are intermuscular septa? - ANSThick fasciae that separate muscles into compartments What are the fibrous sacs filled with synovial fluid found in areas where friction from tendons occurs called? - ANSBursae What are the four anterior bursae of the knee? - ANSPrepatellar, deep infrapatellar, suprapatellar, superficial infrapatellar What are the four important muscles that help stabilize the shoulder joint? - ANSInfraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus What are the functions of skeletal muscle? - ANSHeat production, movement, stability, control of body openings, glycemic control
What are the functions of the endomysium? - ANSextracellular chemical environment room for blood capillaries separates individual muscle fibers What are the menisci of the knee composed of? - ANSFibrocartilage What are the suprapatellar, prepatellar and deep infrapatellar structures that cushion areas around the patella? - ANSBursae What are the three factors that can represent resistance in a musculoskeletal lever system? - ANSThe weight of a limb/ the object being moved/ the opposing muscle tension What are the two articulations of the elbow joint? - ANSHumeroradial/humeroulnar What are the two primary stabilizing structures of the knee? - ANSTendon of the semimembranosus/ tendon of the quadriceps femoris What are two characteristics of protraction? - ANSMovement along the transverse plane/ an anterior movement of the bone What comprises the outer layer of a synovial joint capsule? - ANSFibrous cartilage
What holds the bones together in a fibrous joint? - ANSCollagen fibers What is a bursa wrapped around a tendon called? - ANSTendon sheath What is a joint in which a hard object, such as a tooth, is held in a bone cavity called? - ANSGomphosis What is a syndesmosis held together by? - ANSLong collagen fibers What is another term for a fibrous joint? - ANSSynarthosis What is excitation-contraction coupling? - ANSThe events that link the action potential of the sarcolemma to the activation of the myofilament contraction What is moving a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body called? - ANSAbduction What is myosin ATPase? - ANSAn enzyme located in the myosin head that hydrolyzes ATP What is not a step of skeletal muscle contraction? - ANSBreakdown of creatinine phosphate What is the function of a T-tubule? - ANST-tubules carry the action potential through the sarcoplasm
What is the function of a tendon sheath? - ANSPrevent friction What is the function of synovial fluid? - ANSLubrication💧 What is the function of T-tubules? - ANSTo stimulate the terminal cisternae to release calcium What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament - ANSTo prevent the tibia from being displaced backward What is the movement of the foot upwards, as when walking on your heels called? - ANSDorsiflexion What is the movement of toes downward, as when jumping or stepping on a gas pedal called? - ANSPlantar flexion What is the type of hyaline cartilage found at the end of bones within a synovial joint called? - ANSArticular cartilage What is turning the sole of the foot medially called? - ANSInverison What movement is the arrow indicating? Circular arm motion - ANSCircumduction
