Download Introduction to Personality Psychology: Definitions, Approaches, and Theories and more Quizzes Personality Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Basic approaches
Trait,biological,psychoanalysis,humanistic and cross- cultural,learning and cognitive TERM 2
types of data
DEFINITION 2 I data informant data, friends and family describing youL data life data, how you are fairing in life such as work backgroundS data self data with face validity, or measuring what it's supposed toB data behavioral data, measuring your actual behavior TERM 3
types of research methods
DEFINITION 3 case study method,correlational method,experimental method TERM 4
research criteria
DEFINITION 4 reliability-data unaffected by anything elsevalidity-degree to which it is measuring what it is set out to measuregeneralizability-degree to which measurements apply to others TERM 5
trait approach
DEFINITION 5 focuses on individual differences in personality and behavior, as well as the ABC's behind them
functions of trait approach
measure,summarize,predict TERM 7
advantages of trait approach
DEFINITION 7 the three functions TERM 8
disadvantages of trait approach
DEFINITION 8 consensus,similarities,inconsistencies TERM 9
types of trait tests
DEFINITION 9 rational,factorial analysis,empirical TERM 10
Gordon Allport's trait hierarchy
DEFINITION 10 cardinal traits,central traits,secondary traits,common traits
defense mechanism
denial,repression,reaction formation,projection,rationalization,intellectualization,displaceme TERM 17
Erikson's personality theory
DEFINITION 17
- trust vs mistrust2) autonomy vs shame and doubt3) initiative vs guilt4) industry vs inferiority5) identity vs identity confusion6) intimacy vs isolation7) generalizability vs stagnation8) integrity vs despair TERM 18
dependent personality disorder
DEFINITION 18 has to have every decision made for them, with a bitter kind of agreeableness TERM 19
avoidant personality disorder
DEFINITION 19 feelings of inadequacy and fear of social contact TERM 20
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
DEFINITION 20 rigidly conscientious about everything, extreme perfectionism
paranoid personality disorder
suspicious, hostile, and resentful of everyone TERM 22
histrionic personality disorder
DEFINITION 22 attention-getting behavior, with shallow but dramatically expressed emotions TERM 23
anti social personality disorder
DEFINITION 23 deceitful, manipulative, and dangerous behavior TERM 24
narcissistic personality disorder
DEFINITION 24 arrogant, exaggerated self-love, needs constant admiration, shallow TERM 25
schizotypal personality disorder
DEFINITION 25 odd beliefs, difficult to relate to others
ARAS
Ascending Reticular Activating System,controls arousal and relaxation TERM 32
fight or flight system
DEFINITION 32 neurochemical release,primary process is triggering central and peripheral nervous system,secondary process is reflecting on danger or risk which explains individual differences,and has generalizability across genders TERM 33
evolutionary theory
DEFINITION 33 any change across generations in the heritable personality characteristics of biological populations TERM 34
cheating concerns
DEFINITION 34 evolutionary theory states that men want more partners in order to produce mroe children andpass along his genes to next generation, while women try to convince men to stay and protect family. TERM 35
desirable traits in opposite sex
DEFINITION 35 women look for power and money in order to support family,men look for beauty and fertility in order to produce healthy children
existentialism
philosophical thinking begins with the human subject-not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individualincludes phenomenology,responsibility of free will,throwness-give life meaning TERM 37
humanistic approach
DEFINITION 37 includes existentialism (free will),unconditional positive regard for patients,person-centered therapy TERM 38
Carl Rogers
DEFINITION 38 believed in phenomenal field (perceived reality),main objective of life was actualization,said that authentic existence leads to personality development TERM 39
Triandis's cultural traits
DEFINITION 39 complexity,tightness vs looseness regarding social norms,collectivism vs individualism,vertical vs horizontal (hierarchial vs egalitarian) TERM 40
Berry's acculturation strategies
DEFINITION 40 integration: both culturesassimilation: dominant culture onlyseparation: ethnic culture onlymarginalization: no culture
classical conditioning
learning "B"= response to stimuli associated repeatedly by time and place, personality is pattern of learned stimulus- response TERM 47
Dollard and Miller's social learning theory
DEFINITION 47 habit hierarchy,motivated by drives,psychoanalytic,primary drives (food, sex) vs secondary drives (money, power),frustration-aggravation hypothesis TERM 48
Bandura's social learning theory
DEFINITION 48 efficacy expections (self-system and self-efficacy),reciprocal determinism (person<-->behavior<-->environment, all three influence one another) TERM 49
accessibility
DEFINITION 49 ease of bringing concepts to forefront of mind,chunks, constructs, and schemas TERM 50
temporal accessibility
DEFINITION 50 concepts primed, recency effect
recency effect
when people are asked to recall in any order the items on a list, those that come at the end of the list are more likely to be recalled than the others TERM 52
chronic accessibility and
sensitivity
DEFINITION 52 repeated priming by evolution TERM 53
temperament
DEFINITION 53 inherited personality traits,includes activity levels, sociability, and emotionality TERM 54
self-fulfilling prophecy
DEFINITION 54 prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, by the very terms of the prophecy itself, due to positive feedback between belief and behavior TERM 55
rejection
sensitivity
DEFINITION 55 irrational jealousy, constantly expecting rejection due to childhood rejection or abuse, also a self fulfilling prophecy
cognitive capacity
mental resources, depend on cognitive load and motivation
