PSY 260 Topic 4 Exam 2 - Onground | Exams Psychology

Chapter 4:

1. The aim of the Tuskegee Study was to examine which disease?

a. Syphilis

b. Cancer

c. Tuberculosis

d. Smallpox

2. In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against

each other?

a. Inconvenience to participants versus benefit to the researcher

b. Time investment of the study versus complexity of the study

c. Importance of the research versus financial cost to conduct the study

d. Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1

Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep

deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly

the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective

sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using

an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until

they enter REM sleep and then he will wake them. After the participants are awake for one

minute, Dr. Kline plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake

them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour

sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.

Refer to Research Study 4.1 to answer the following seven questions.

3. Imagine that Dr. Kline is a clinical psychologist who volunteers his time at a local prison

counseling several inmates. Because of his connections there, he is considering using

prisoners as his participants. Why is this choice potentially problematic?

a. According to the Belmont Report, prisoners are entitled to special protection.

b. Prisoners do not make good participants since they may not tell the truth.

c. Prisoners are unable to give informed consent.

d. More prisoners may want to participate than Dr. Kline can actually study.

4. To address the Belmont principle of beneficence, Dr. Kline would need to ask which of

the following questions?

a. Are the people in my study going to benefit as much as the people not in my study?

b. What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants?

c. Can the participants in my study give full, informed consent?

d. Am I trained sufficiently to conduct this study?

5. Dr. Kline suspects that the people who will most benefit from his study are high school

and college students, who are asked to perform cognitive functions in various states of sleep

deprivation. Given this information, what type of participants should Dr. Kline recruit for his

study?

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Chapter 4:

The aim of the Tuskegee Study was to examine which disease? a. Syphilis b. Cancer c. Tuberculosis d. Smallpox
In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other? a. Inconvenience to participants versus benefit to the researcher b. Time investment of the study versus complexity of the study c. Importance of the research versus financial cost to conduct the study d. Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained RESEARCH STUDY 4. Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then he will wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kline plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Refer to Research Study 4.1 to answer the following seven questions.
Imagine that Dr. Kline is a clinical psychologist who volunteers his time at a local prison counseling several inmates. Because of his connections there, he is considering using prisoners as his participants. Why is this choice potentially problematic? a. According to the Belmont Report, prisoners are entitled to special protection. b. Prisoners do not make good participants since they may not tell the truth. c. Prisoners are unable to give informed consent. d. More prisoners may want to participate than Dr. Kline can actually study.
To address the Belmont principle of beneficence, Dr. Kline would need to ask which of the following questions? a. Are the people in my study going to benefit as much as the people not in my study? b. What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants? c. Can the participants in my study give full, informed consent? d. Am I trained sufficiently to conduct this study?
Dr. Kline suspects that the people who will most benefit from his study are high school and college students, who are asked to perform cognitive functions in various states of sleep deprivation. Given this information, what type of participants should Dr. Kline recruit for his study?

a. People with a history of sleep deprivation b. Children from a local daycare center c. Students from a community college d. Patients from Dr. Kline’s clinical psychology practice

Dr. Kline’s decision about the type of participants to recruit should be informed by which of the following principles of the Belmont Report? a. The principle of integrity b. The principle of respect for persons c. The principle of beneficence d. The principle of justice
As a psychologist who primarily does research, Dr. Kline is most concerned with which APA standard of ethics? a. 2 c. 6 b. 4 d. 8
Dr. Kline plans to use deception in his study and is thinking about a debriefing session. Which of the following is true of the debriefing? a. Dr. Kline only needs to invite participants who were troubled by the study to the debriefing session. b. Because his study has potential medical applications, the use of a debriefing session is optional. c. During the debriefing, Dr. Kline only needs to tell the participants that there was deception. d. Participants must be told the reasons for the deception.
Dr. Kline’s IRB requires him to obtain written informed consent. Which of the following does Dr. Kline NOT need to include in his informed consent document? a. Everyday language b. A statement of risks c. A description of the study’s hypotheses d. A list of procedures
The American Psychological Association’s ethical guidelines have principles and standards. a. 3, 10 c. 3, 5 b. 3, 8 d. 5, 10

A study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) involved telling teachers that some of their students were “bloomers” and would achieve rapid academic success within the next year. In fact, these students were no different than any of the other students in the class. At the end of the year, the “bloomers” showed more gains in IQ than the other students. It appeared that the teacher had unintentionally treated the “bloomers” in special ways. This is an example of which of the following? a. Observer bias b. Observer effects c. A masked study design d. Self-report operationalization
Masked, or blind, study designs are designed to deal with: a. Yea-saying biases b. Bystander effect c. Observer bias d. Faking good
Observer bias relates mainly to whereas observer effects stem from. a. Validity; reliability b. Faking good; faking bad c. Researchers; participants d. Outcomes; expectations
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using open-ended questions? a. The answers provided are often spontaneous. b. The answers are unscientific. c. The answers must be coded. d. The answers are not taken seriously by participants. Chapter 7: RESEARCH STUDY 7. Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester—Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He gives his students a survey. Refer to Research Study 7.1 to answer the following three questions.
In the above scenario, Dr. Kramer plans to give his survey only to his Psychology and Law students because he sees them on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays and he can spare the class time (unlike in his Introduction to Neuroscience class, which only meets on Tuesdays and Thursdays). Which of the following is true?

a. This will lead to a biased sample because the type of students who take Psychology and Law may be different from the type of students who take Introduction to Neuroscience. b. This will lead to a biased sample because of self-selection. c. This will lead to a biased sample because the Psychology and Law students have a lot of time to complete the survey. d. The will lead to a sample that is representative of both of his classes.

In the above scenario, Dr. Kramer needs to avoid which of the following if he hopes to avoid having a biased sample? a. Sampling only those students who come to class frequently b. Sampling only those students who volunteer to complete the survey c. Sampling only those students who sign the consent form d. Sampling only those students who finish the survey
In the above scenario, if all the students in Dr. Kramer’s two classes complete the survey, then Dr. Kramer has done which of the following? a. Decreased the external validity of his study b. Collected too much data c. Relied on a census d. Enhanced sampling bias
Dr. Jackson is a personality psychologist who is interested in studying the characteristics of people who report being abducted by UFOs. She finds several people in a support group to research and asks them if they can provide the names and contact information of other people who have also been abducted. Upon contacting these new participants, she asks them to refer her to even more people they may know who have been abducted. This is an example of what kind of sampling? a. Purposive sampling b. Snowball sampling c. Convenience sampling d. Self-selection sampling
What is the most common sampling technique in behavioral research? a. Simple random sampling b. Purposive sampling c. Cluster sampling d. Convenience sampling

PSY 260 Topic 4 Exam 2 - Onground, Exams of Psychology

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