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pharmacology notes to study for advanced pharm, Study notes of Pharmacology

pharmacology notes to study for advanced pharm

Typology: Study notes

2024/2025

Uploaded on 01/13/2025

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HEENT: Questions and Rationales
Head
1. "Do you experience headaches? If so, how often, and can you describe them?"
oRationale: Headaches can result from various causes, including tension, migraines, sinus
issues, or more serious conditions like tumors or infections.
2. "Have you had any head injuries or trauma?"
oRationale: Head injuries can lead to concussions, brain injuries, or long-term effects like
memory issues or dizziness.
3. "Do you feel dizzy or lightheaded? When does this happen?"
oRationale: Dizziness or lightheadedness may indicate inner ear problems, cardiovascular
issues, or neurological disorders.
Eyes
4. "How is your vision? Do you wear glasses or contact lenses?"
oRationale: Vision problems can indicate refractive errors or systemic issues like diabetes
or hypertension affecting the eyes.
5. "When was your last eye exam?"
oRationale: Regular exams help detect conditions like glaucoma, cataracts, or retinal
diseases early.
6. "Do you experience eye pain, redness, or excessive tearing?"
oRationale: These symptoms may indicate infections (conjunctivitis), allergies, or more
serious issues like uveitis or corneal abrasions.
7. "Do you notice double or blurred vision, spots, specks, or flashing lights?"
oRationale: These symptoms may suggest conditions like retinal detachment, macular
degeneration, or migraines.
8. "Have you been diagnosed with glaucoma or cataracts?"
oRationale: Glaucoma (optic nerve damage) and cataracts (lens clouding) are common
age-related conditions that require monitoring.
Ears
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HEENT: Questions and Rationales Head

  1. "Do you experience headaches? If so, how often, and can you describe them?" o Rationale : Headaches can result from various causes, including tension, migraines, sinus issues, or more serious conditions like tumors or infections.
  2. "Have you had any head injuries or trauma?" o Rationale : Head injuries can lead to concussions, brain injuries, or long-term effects like memory issues or dizziness.
  3. "Do you feel dizzy or lightheaded? When does this happen?" o Rationale : Dizziness or lightheadedness may indicate inner ear problems, cardiovascular issues, or neurological disorders. Eyes
  4. "How is your vision? Do you wear glasses or contact lenses?" o Rationale : Vision problems can indicate refractive errors or systemic issues like diabetes or hypertension affecting the eyes.
  5. "When was your last eye exam?" o Rationale : Regular exams help detect conditions like glaucoma, cataracts, or retinal diseases early.
  6. "Do you experience eye pain, redness, or excessive tearing?" o Rationale : These symptoms may indicate infections (conjunctivitis), allergies, or more serious issues like uveitis or corneal abrasions.
  7. "Do you notice double or blurred vision, spots, specks, or flashing lights?" o Rationale : These symptoms may suggest conditions like retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or migraines.
  8. "Have you been diagnosed with glaucoma or cataracts?" o Rationale : Glaucoma (optic nerve damage) and cataracts (lens clouding) are common age-related conditions that require monitoring. Ears
  1. "How is your hearing? Have you noticed any loss or changes?" o Rationale : Hearing loss can be due to age (presbycusis), infections, noise exposure, or nerve issues.
  2. "Do you have ringing in your ears (tinnitus) or experience vertigo?" o Rationale : Tinnitus may indicate hearing damage, while vertigo often points to inner ear issues like Ménière's disease or vestibular neuritis.
  3. "Have you had any earaches, infections, or discharge from your ears?" o Rationale : These symptoms can indicate middle ear infections, outer ear infections, or even eardrum perforation.
  4. "If you use hearing aids, are they working well for you?" o Rationale : Ensuring proper use of hearing aids improves quality of life and communication for those with hearing loss. Nose and Sinuses
  5. "Do you often get colds, nasal stuffiness, or runny nose?" o Rationale : Frequent colds or congestion could indicate chronic rhinitis, allergies, or sinus infections.
  6. "Have you experienced nasal itching or sneezing?" o Rationale : These are common symptoms of seasonal allergies (hay fever).
  7. "Do you have nosebleeds or sinus problems?" o Rationale : Nosebleeds could result from dryness, trauma, or hypertension, while sinus trouble suggests infections or chronic sinusitis. Throat (Mouth and Pharynx)
  8. "How are your teeth and gums? Do you experience bleeding gums?" o Rationale : Bleeding gums can indicate poor oral hygiene, gingivitis, or systemic issues like vitamin deficiencies or blood disorders.
  9. "Do you use dentures? How well do they fit?" o Rationale : Poorly fitting dentures can cause discomfort, sores, or affect nutrition if chewing is impaired.
  10. "When was your last dental examination?"