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Autumn Examinations 20 11 / 20 12
Exam Code(s) 3BS9, 3MR1, 3MR Exam(s) 3 rd Undenominated Science, 3 rd Marine Science Module Code(s) ZO Module(s) Evolutionary and Developmental Biology Paper No. I External Examiner(s) Professor M. Davies Internal Examiner(s) Professor W. Arthur *Dr. U. Frank Dr. G. Schlosser
Instructions: Answer four questions, at least one from each section. All
questions will be marked equally.
Duration 3hrs
No. of Pages 2 Discipline(s) Zoology Requirements None PTO
Section A (Dr. Uri Frank)
- Explain the terms 'proto-oncogene' and 'oncogene'.
- What is a germ line, how does it differ from the somatic cell line, and what are the main consequences of the strict separation between the two, as found in most animal taxa?
- What is gastrulation, and which organs and cell lineages does it generate in the embryos of most kinds of animals? Section B (Dr. Gerhard Schlosser)
- Discuss experiments that demonstrate the genomic equivalence of differentiated somatic cells with the zygote. Also explain how differentiation of different cell types occurs even though all of them retain the same genetic material.
- Explain how concentration gradients of developmental agents such as morphogens can affect pattern formation in animal development. Discuss two specific examples in detail.
- Discuss which cellular processes can affect morphogenesis of animal embryos and give specific examples. Section C (Prof. Wallace Arthur)
- Write an essay on compartments in Drosophila development. Include in your answer an account of their discovery through cell lineage studies.
- Discuss the phenomenon of developmental plasticity and its role in evolution. Devote about half of your answer to a general account and about half to a named example.
- Describe how a developmental gene is expressed; and discuss how changes in such expression can contribute to evolution.
