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Writing Effective Sales Letters: A Creative Process, Lecture notes of Sales Management

Insights into writing effective sales letters, emphasizing the importance of creativity, sincerity, intelligence, and good humor. The four essential elements of a successful sales letter: getting attention, arousing interest, creating desire, and evoking action. It also discusses various techniques to engage readers and persuade them to take action.

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VOL. 43, NO. 3 HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL, MARCH 1962
On Writing a Sales Letter
SOME PEOPLE look upon the writing of sales letters
as an occupation that demands a minimum of effort,
but it is not so. This is one of the most difficult forms
of selling. It is a job you have to think about.
Writing a sales letter is as creative in its own way
as are short story and play writing in theirs. It is, too,
as dynamic as any other sort of salesmanship.
Selling has not yet been reduced to a formula.
Besides presenting a case, your sales letter needs to
show sincerity, intelligence, integrity, good humour
and genuine interest in serving the reader.
To succeed in its mission, your letter must do these
four things: get attention, arouse interest, create a
desire, and evoke action.
You may pique curiosity by opening with a state-
ment of something new, or of something old in a new
form or setting; you go on to show the benefit of this
new thing to the reader; you give proof of the efficien-
cy, durability and good value of the article; and you
gain a response by making it easy for the reader to
decide that he wants and can obtain this article.
Sales letters are one evidence of the change in
advertising technique. A sales campaign is no longer
a matter of blasting away at random in the hope of
bringing down whatever gets in the way. We live in
an advertising world in which market research, copy
testing, and other devices thrive. A company needs
to know before starting a campaign the market it
wishes to tap, the selling points which will be most
effective, and the best method of carrying out its
purpose.
Because of its directness, flexibility, variety and
economy, the sales letter furnishes a satisfactory
medium for a great deal of merchandising under these
circumstances. Its user can, so to speak, "call the
shots". He can limit his expenditure to a few dollars
or he can spend thousands, reaching a few selected
prospects or scores of thousands of secondary pros-
pects.
There are people who say that advertising by mail
is unduly wasteful because much of it goes unread.
This is true only when shoddy pieces of advertising
literature and unimaginative mechanically produced
letters are sent out. They seem to announce at once
"I am not worth opening".
The growing body of evidence about mail readership
and habits tends to show that well done sales letters
win attention andcreate a climate favourable to the
writers’ products.
When you write a sales letter which turns out to be
particularly successful, you will find that you have
taken these steps: you determined the prospect’s
needs, you described goods or services to meet those
needs, you showed that the goods or services do meet
the needs, and you passed along your conviction that
your company’s goods had superiorities over those
of competitors’ goods.
Vital in this presentation is that you address the
prospect individually and say something that is of
interest to him. You talk with him as you would if
you were face-to-face.
What is salesmanship ?
Selling is your presentation of the virtues in your
goods or services in such a way as to persuade pros-
pective customers to buy your company’s products
or to take some other action. To do this effectively
your letter should be, above all, clear and easy to
understand. It should, before trying to persuade,
succeed in convincing the prospect of the quality and
reliability of your goods.
Linking the interests and desires of your prospect
with your goods or services is a fascinating game.
If your letter shows logically, clearly and fairly
that the goods offered will satisfy important purposes
in the prospect’s life or business, and if it tells con-
vincingly about the economy of the purchase, then the
fundamental desire that is in everyone to want to
own, to use, and to enjoy the goods that give satisfac-
tions will move your prospect to buy.
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VOL. 43, NO. 3 (^) HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL, MARCH 1962

On Writinga SalesLetter

SOMEPEOPLElookuponthe writingof salesletters as an occupationthatdemandsa minimumof effort, butit is notso.Thisis oneof themostdifficultforms of selling.It is a jobyouhaveto thinkabout. Writinga salesletteris as creativein itsownway as areshortstoryandplaywritingin theirs.It is,too, as dynamicas any othersortof salesmanship. Sellinghas not yet been reducedto a formula. Besidespresentinga case,yoursalesletterneedsto showsincerity,intelligence,integrity,goodhumour andgenuineinterestin servingthereader. To succeedin itsmission,yourlettermustdo these fourthings:getattention,arouseinterest,createa desire,andevokeaction. You may piquecuriosityby openingwitha state- mentof somethingnew,or of somethingold in a new formor setting;yougo on to showthebenefitof this newthingto thereader;yougiveproofof theefficien- cy,durabilityandgoodvalueof the article;and you gaina responseby makingit easyfor the readerto decidethathe wantsandcanobtainthisarticle. Saleslettersare one evidenceof the changein advertisingtechnique.A salescampaignis no longer a matterof blastingawayat randomin the hopeof bringingdownwhatevergetsin the way.We livein an advertisingworldin whichmarketresearch,copy testing,and otherdevicesthrive.A companyneeds to know beforestartinga campaignthe marketit wishesto tap,thesellingpointswhichwillbe most effective,and the bestmethodof carryingout its purpose. Becauseof itsdirectness,flexibility,varietyand economy,the salesletterfurnishesa satisfactory mediumfor a greatdealof merchandisingunderthese circumstances.Its usercan,so to speak,"callthe shots".He canlimithis expenditureto a few dollars or he can spendthousands,reachinga few selected prospectsor scoresof thousandsof secondarypros- pects.

Thereare peoplewho say thatadvertisingby mail is undulywastefulbecausemuchof it goes unread.

Thisis trueonlywhenshoddypiecesof advertising literatureand unimaginativemechanicallyproduced lettersare sentout.Theyseemto announceat once "I am not worthopening".

Thegrowingbodyof evidenceaboutmailreadership andhabitstendsto showthatwelldonesalesletters win attentionandcreatea climatefavourableto the writers’products.

Whenyouwritea salesletterwhichturnsoutto be particularlysuccessful,you willfindthatyou have takenthesesteps:you determinedthe prospect’s needs,you describedgoodsor servicesto meetthose needs,you showedthatthe goodsor servicesdo meet the needs,and you passedalongyourconvictionthat your company’sgoodshad superioritiesover those of competitors’goods.

Vitalin thispresentationis thatyouaddressthe prospectindividuallyand say somethingthat is of interestto him.You talkwithhim as you wouldif you wereface-to-face.

Whatis salesmanship?

Sellingis yourpresentationof thevirtuesin your goodsor servicesin sucha wayas to persuadepros- pectivecustomersto buy your company’sproducts or to takesomeotheraction.To do thiseffectively yourlettershouldbe, aboveall,clearand easyto understand.It should,beforetryingto persuade, succeedin convincingtheprospectof thequalityand reliabilityof yourgoods.

Linkingtheinterestsand desiresof yourprospect withyourgoodsor servicesis a fascinatinggame.

If yourlettershowslogically,clearlyandfairly thatthe goodsofferedwillsatisfyimportantpurposes in theprospect’slifeor business,andif it tellscon- vincinglyaboutthe economyof thepurchase,thenthe fundamentaldesirethat is in everyoneto want to own,to use,andto enjoythegoodsthatgivesatisfac- tionswillmoveyourprospectto buy.

Sucha happyendingwillnot be reachedwithout planningand thought.This is not to disparage inspirationandenterprise,butto saythatfullestuse cannotbe madeof salesletterswithoutallfour.

In planninga salesletterit is usefulto writedown somethinglikean armedforcesappreciationof the situation.Whatis thesalesproposition? Whatis the pointof strongestinterestto the personyou are addressing? Whatis the purposeof yourletter-- to makean immediatesale,to introducea salesman,to sharpenup a newspaperor radioor televisionor magazineseriesof advertisements? Whatfactsmust youtell?

Mostimportantof all is the question:what do I know about my company’s product? The more a salesmanknowsaboutwhathe is selling,the better he can shapehis salesstory.The more a salesman can showhis acquaintanceshipwiththe qualitiesand usesof his goods,the greaterwillbe theconfidence of the prospectin givingan order.The prospect cannotbe expectedto respecta salesmanwho has not enoughrespectfor himselfto becomeacquainted withtheproductshe sells.

This,of course,meansgoinginto the woodsto scratchthe barkof treesas wellas standingoff to viewthe forestin perspective.It may meanlearning abouttheprinciplesof design,construction,materials andprocesses.

No amountof writingskillcan make up for lack of substance.You may shout your opinionabout yourproductuntilyou are bluein the facewithout movinga prospectto buy.He is interestedin the facts,notyouropinionaboutthefacts.

Pertinentfactsforthewriterof a salesletterto uncoverincludethese:How is the productused? Whereis it used? Whenis it used? Whyis it used? Why is it not usedmorethanit is? Has it any new uses? Thissortof knowledgedoesnot comefromscanning cataloguesor manualsor fly-sheets.It demands knowledgeof acquaintance.But thereis moreto all thisthanfittingone’sselfto writeauthoritatively: onealsolearnsto writeinterestingly.Thiscanbe the mostdelightfulpartof thewriter’sjob:to go outinto theunknownterritoryof thefactoryor storeor office andexploreit forsalespossibilitieslongoverlooked. Theyneednot be bigthings,but merelysimplethings whichmaketalkingpoints.

Completeknowledgeis not withinthe rangeof humancapability.We do not needto imitatethe poet in the storywho,in orderto describea fracturedleg had to go out and breakhis own leg.But we owe it to ourquestforexcellencein ourlettersthatwe find out everythingnecessaryand everythingpossibly useful.

This includesfactsabout competinggoods and services.To knowwhatthe competitorsuppliesgives

you pointsof comparisonaboutquality,performance and cost.Comparisonis the basisof reasoning.Had we neverknownjoy,it wouldbe impossiblefor us to identifysorrowas sorrow. If thereis no essentialdifferencebetweenyourgoods and thoseof a competitor,you are drivento the use of incidentaldifferences.These,thoughcomparatively weak in argument,may provideyou with pointsof appealif you do not try to blowthem up so as to makethemseemvital.

Know your prospect’s wants Yourlettercannotbe madeto appearas if you were interestedin the man you are writingto unlessyou makean estimateof his wantsand interests.Frank Kingdontellsin his bookHow to MasterSalesmanship abouta listhe sawin theofficeof a candidateforthe presidentialnomination.It gavethe nameof every delegate,andoppositeeverynametherewasa notation of the one appealwhichcouldmost effectivelybe made to him. That was thoroughpreparationfor a bigsellingjob. Thefailureof a bigpercentageof allsalesefforts may be tracedto the factthatthe salesmanstarted toosoonto talkabouthis productwithoutconnecting it withsome specificwant or buyinginterest.By emphasizingthe pointthatis vitallyimportantto yourreaderyou set thestagefor yourpresentation.

Personalizethisto understandits importance.How are you goingto appealto a man of middleage who arriveshomefromwork,shufflesthroughthe mail, hasdinner,andsitsdownin frontof histelevisionset or radiountilbedtime?Surelynot by writingabout your wants or your company’ssuperlativegoods. You can catch his attentiononly by hittinghis interests. Youarewritingto helpthereader,perhapsto solve a problemfor him,or to offera servicehe is likely to want.Thekey to theheartof the sellingletteris this:"Whyshouldhe do whatI am askinghim to do ?" Yourprospectis hungryforfactsthatwillenablehim to do a betterjob or to livemorehappily:if you handleyour propositionfrom his pointof viewin languagewhichtouchessomeof his motivesit willbe nextto impossibleforhimnotto findit interesting.

It is worthremindingourselveseveryonce in a whilethathumandesiresandtheirsatisfactionsform the fundamentalsupon which all sellingmethods shouldbe based.Somethingsthatpeoplewantare necessaryto theirsurvival,buttheyalsowantthings that contributeto their comfortand enjoyment. Some wantsare natural,like food and water,but othersareacquired. It is partof yourjobto ferretoutwhatprimaryor secondarywants are satisfiedby your goods or services.Then you must describein a winningway how the goods you offer will contributeto your prospect’ssatisfaction.

findingsintoimagesfor the readyunderstandingof yourreaders.Makesureby theclarityof yourwriting thatwhatyou say aboutyourgoodsandserviceswill be readwiththe meaningyou intend. Usinglanguageadaptedto the reader,and words thatare the simplestthatwillcarryyourthought, thenyouneedto presentyourideasin thebestorder. We are not talkingabouttext-bookprose.Thathas to be attendedto for the purposeof impartingin- formationas accuratelyas possible.Whatthesalesman needsis an instrumentby whichto modifyhisreader’s thoughts.Wordsaresymbols,creatingpicturesin the reader’smind,and hisreactionto thesepictureshas immediatesignificanceto thewriter.If the picture conjuredup by a poorlychosenpresentationis repulsive,thatgivesa death-blowto the hopeof the favourableresponsethe writersought. Businesswritingdemandscompactness.A letter shouldget down to brasstackswithoutbeingcurt or incoherent.Your readerdoes not want to wade throughsentencesor paragraphsof non-essentials. At the sametimeyou mustnot economizeon words foolishly.You shouldkeepyourlettersas shortas youcan,butbe sureyoucoverthesubjecteffectively. Insteadof length,usethoughtfulness.You shouldnot hesitateto usea non-factualsentenceto builda bridge betweenfactsandideas. Completenessmeansthatyou tellyourreaderwhat he wantsto know aboutyour serviceor product. Imagineeveryreaderto havea "showme" attitude. Be thorough.Informativesellingwillgivethebuyer confidenceandincreasehis satisfaction.It willalso reducethe returnedgoodsproblemof yourfirm.

Stylein writing Writingis an instrumentfor conveyingideasfrom one mindto another.Yourjob is to makeyourreader graspyourmeaningreadilyand precisely.Theopposite of thisideaof communicationis illustratedby the Arapesh people of New Guinea.When some event of importanceoccurs,a birthor a death,a quarrel of proportions,or the visitof a governmentpatrol, therearedrumbeatsfromhilltopto hilltop.Butall thatthe signalsconveyis thatsomethinghashappened aboutwhichthe listenershadbetterbecomeexcited. Someof ouradvertisingis of thissort. The firstrequirementof style,then,is thatwhat we writeshallmeanto the readerwhatit meansin ourminds.If we canachievedistinctionof expression, directness,lucidity,dramaticquality,concreteness, and on suitableoccasionssomefeelingof adventure in phraseand idea,then we do not need to worry aboutwhetherwe have"style". We mustbe warylestin avoidingthe foggystuff whichcomesfromthe use of a vagueintermixtureof words,currentphrases,hackneyedtermsand fashion- ableexpressionswe fallintotheothererror:thatof finewriting.Dr.SamuelJohnsonsaidin 1773-- and

PostOffice^ AuthorizedaaDepartment,^ secondclassOttawamail,

it is stillone of the bestrules-"Readoveryour compositions,and when you meet with a passage whichyouthinkis particularlyfine,strikeit out".

The tendencyof solidbusinessfirmsis awayfrom all sortsof freakcorrespondence.Theyavoiddevices whichattractattentionto themselvesratherthanto thespiritof theirmessage.

Develop wide interests

The writingof saleslettersis not an art to be masteredby meagreminds.Goodlettersemanateonly from personswho can see and think beyondtheir own desks.

Salesmanshipandthewritingof saleslettersdemand studyas wellas experience.Ambitiousletterwriters willreadwidely,not onlyin businessand technical literaturebutin culturalsubjects-philosophy,eco- nomics,biographyand travel,amongothers.It pays to be wellprimedon topicsof generalsignificance, becausethe more you have in your mind, and the betterthingsyou havein yourmind,the morelikely you are to bringworthwhilefusionsof ideasout of your mind.

A broadmindedman will have absorbedmore than ideasaboutthe mechanicsof his job:he willhaveset up for himselfa code of behaviour.The average customeris notan expertin the thingshe is buying. He doesn’tknow nearlyas much aboutthem as the salesmandoes.Thislaysuponthe salesmanan obliga- tionto protectthe customer,and to give him, if possible,somethingbetterthanhe would,according to thestrictletterof hiscontract,expectto receive.

Peopledo not patronizea storebecauseit has Greekcornicesoverits windows,or becauseit puts advertisingwordstogetherin more poeticperiods, but becausecustomersknow that they get good commoditiesand honestservice.Deed and word-- what you offer and what you say about it- must marchtogetherintelligently.Wheneveryou draw attentionto an attribute,defineit: "Better"than what? "Newer"than what?"Faster"than what?

Checkingtheletter Havingwrittenyoursalesletter,lookit overwith these questionsin mind: Have I made nay points clearly?Have I givenall the informationneeded? Is my letterso wordedas to place the emphasis properly?HaveI avoidedwitheredphrasesand dead words?Have I eliminatedexcessverbiage?Has my lettera friendlyfeelingin it? Doesit carryconviction of my firm’ssincerityand the worthwhilenessof whatit offers? The answerswill probablybe "yes"if you have studiedyour firm, your goods,your market,and yourprospects’wants,and thenwrittenyourpresen- tationclearlyand putyourselfintothemoodof your appeal.Thatis constructivesalesmanship.

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