


Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Insights into writing effective sales letters, emphasizing the importance of creativity, sincerity, intelligence, and good humor. The four essential elements of a successful sales letter: getting attention, arousing interest, creating desire, and evoking action. It also discusses various techniques to engage readers and persuade them to take action.
Typology: Lecture notes
1 / 4
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
VOL. 43, NO. 3 (^) HEAD OFFICE: MONTREAL, MARCH 1962
SOMEPEOPLElookuponthe writingof salesletters as an occupationthatdemandsa minimumof effort, butit is notso.Thisis oneof themostdifficultforms of selling.It is a jobyouhaveto thinkabout. Writinga salesletteris as creativein itsownway as areshortstoryandplaywritingin theirs.It is,too, as dynamicas any othersortof salesmanship. Sellinghas not yet been reducedto a formula. Besidespresentinga case,yoursalesletterneedsto showsincerity,intelligence,integrity,goodhumour andgenuineinterestin servingthereader. To succeedin itsmission,yourlettermustdo these fourthings:getattention,arouseinterest,createa desire,andevokeaction. You may piquecuriosityby openingwitha state- mentof somethingnew,or of somethingold in a new formor setting;yougo on to showthebenefitof this newthingto thereader;yougiveproofof theefficien- cy,durabilityandgoodvalueof the article;and you gaina responseby makingit easyfor the readerto decidethathe wantsandcanobtainthisarticle. Saleslettersare one evidenceof the changein advertisingtechnique.A salescampaignis no longer a matterof blastingawayat randomin the hopeof bringingdownwhatevergetsin the way.We livein an advertisingworldin whichmarketresearch,copy testing,and otherdevicesthrive.A companyneeds to know beforestartinga campaignthe marketit wishesto tap,thesellingpointswhichwillbe most effective,and the bestmethodof carryingout its purpose. Becauseof itsdirectness,flexibility,varietyand economy,the salesletterfurnishesa satisfactory mediumfor a greatdealof merchandisingunderthese circumstances.Its usercan,so to speak,"callthe shots".He canlimithis expenditureto a few dollars or he can spendthousands,reachinga few selected prospectsor scoresof thousandsof secondarypros- pects.
Thereare peoplewho say thatadvertisingby mail is undulywastefulbecausemuchof it goes unread.
Thisis trueonlywhenshoddypiecesof advertising literatureand unimaginativemechanicallyproduced lettersare sentout.Theyseemto announceat once "I am not worthopening".
Thegrowingbodyof evidenceaboutmailreadership andhabitstendsto showthatwelldonesalesletters win attentionandcreatea climatefavourableto the writers’products.
Whenyouwritea salesletterwhichturnsoutto be particularlysuccessful,you willfindthatyou have takenthesesteps:you determinedthe prospect’s needs,you describedgoodsor servicesto meetthose needs,you showedthatthe goodsor servicesdo meet the needs,and you passedalongyourconvictionthat your company’sgoodshad superioritiesover those of competitors’goods.
Vitalin thispresentationis thatyouaddressthe prospectindividuallyand say somethingthat is of interestto him.You talkwithhim as you wouldif you wereface-to-face.
Sellingis yourpresentationof thevirtuesin your goodsor servicesin sucha wayas to persuadepros- pectivecustomersto buy your company’sproducts or to takesomeotheraction.To do thiseffectively yourlettershouldbe, aboveall,clearand easyto understand.It should,beforetryingto persuade, succeedin convincingtheprospectof thequalityand reliabilityof yourgoods.
Linkingtheinterestsand desiresof yourprospect withyourgoodsor servicesis a fascinatinggame.
If yourlettershowslogically,clearlyandfairly thatthe goodsofferedwillsatisfyimportantpurposes in theprospect’slifeor business,andif it tellscon- vincinglyaboutthe economyof thepurchase,thenthe fundamentaldesirethat is in everyoneto want to own,to use,andto enjoythegoodsthatgivesatisfac- tionswillmoveyourprospectto buy.
Sucha happyendingwillnot be reachedwithout planningand thought.This is not to disparage inspirationandenterprise,butto saythatfullestuse cannotbe madeof salesletterswithoutallfour.
In planninga salesletterit is usefulto writedown somethinglikean armedforcesappreciationof the situation.Whatis thesalesproposition? Whatis the pointof strongestinterestto the personyou are addressing? Whatis the purposeof yourletter-- to makean immediatesale,to introducea salesman,to sharpenup a newspaperor radioor televisionor magazineseriesof advertisements? Whatfactsmust youtell?
Mostimportantof all is the question:what do I know about my company’s product? The more a salesmanknowsaboutwhathe is selling,the better he can shapehis salesstory.The more a salesman can showhis acquaintanceshipwiththe qualitiesand usesof his goods,the greaterwillbe theconfidence of the prospectin givingan order.The prospect cannotbe expectedto respecta salesmanwho has not enoughrespectfor himselfto becomeacquainted withtheproductshe sells.
This,of course,meansgoinginto the woodsto scratchthe barkof treesas wellas standingoff to viewthe forestin perspective.It may meanlearning abouttheprinciplesof design,construction,materials andprocesses.
No amountof writingskillcan make up for lack of substance.You may shout your opinionabout yourproductuntilyou are bluein the facewithout movinga prospectto buy.He is interestedin the facts,notyouropinionaboutthefacts.
Pertinentfactsforthewriterof a salesletterto uncoverincludethese:How is the productused? Whereis it used? Whenis it used? Whyis it used? Why is it not usedmorethanit is? Has it any new uses? Thissortof knowledgedoesnot comefromscanning cataloguesor manualsor fly-sheets.It demands knowledgeof acquaintance.But thereis moreto all thisthanfittingone’sselfto writeauthoritatively: onealsolearnsto writeinterestingly.Thiscanbe the mostdelightfulpartof thewriter’sjob:to go outinto theunknownterritoryof thefactoryor storeor office andexploreit forsalespossibilitieslongoverlooked. Theyneednot be bigthings,but merelysimplethings whichmaketalkingpoints.
Completeknowledgeis not withinthe rangeof humancapability.We do not needto imitatethe poet in the storywho,in orderto describea fracturedleg had to go out and breakhis own leg.But we owe it to ourquestforexcellencein ourlettersthatwe find out everythingnecessaryand everythingpossibly useful.
This includesfactsabout competinggoods and services.To knowwhatthe competitorsuppliesgives
you pointsof comparisonaboutquality,performance and cost.Comparisonis the basisof reasoning.Had we neverknownjoy,it wouldbe impossiblefor us to identifysorrowas sorrow. If thereis no essentialdifferencebetweenyourgoods and thoseof a competitor,you are drivento the use of incidentaldifferences.These,thoughcomparatively weak in argument,may provideyou with pointsof appealif you do not try to blowthem up so as to makethemseemvital.
Know your prospect’s wants Yourlettercannotbe madeto appearas if you were interestedin the man you are writingto unlessyou makean estimateof his wantsand interests.Frank Kingdontellsin his bookHow to MasterSalesmanship abouta listhe sawin theofficeof a candidateforthe presidentialnomination.It gavethe nameof every delegate,andoppositeeverynametherewasa notation of the one appealwhichcouldmost effectivelybe made to him. That was thoroughpreparationfor a bigsellingjob. Thefailureof a bigpercentageof allsalesefforts may be tracedto the factthatthe salesmanstarted toosoonto talkabouthis productwithoutconnecting it withsome specificwant or buyinginterest.By emphasizingthe pointthatis vitallyimportantto yourreaderyou set thestagefor yourpresentation.
Personalizethisto understandits importance.How are you goingto appealto a man of middleage who arriveshomefromwork,shufflesthroughthe mail, hasdinner,andsitsdownin frontof histelevisionset or radiountilbedtime?Surelynot by writingabout your wants or your company’ssuperlativegoods. You can catch his attentiononly by hittinghis interests. Youarewritingto helpthereader,perhapsto solve a problemfor him,or to offera servicehe is likely to want.Thekey to theheartof the sellingletteris this:"Whyshouldhe do whatI am askinghim to do ?" Yourprospectis hungryforfactsthatwillenablehim to do a betterjob or to livemorehappily:if you handleyour propositionfrom his pointof viewin languagewhichtouchessomeof his motivesit willbe nextto impossibleforhimnotto findit interesting.
It is worthremindingourselveseveryonce in a whilethathumandesiresandtheirsatisfactionsform the fundamentalsupon which all sellingmethods shouldbe based.Somethingsthatpeoplewantare necessaryto theirsurvival,buttheyalsowantthings that contributeto their comfortand enjoyment. Some wantsare natural,like food and water,but othersareacquired. It is partof yourjobto ferretoutwhatprimaryor secondarywants are satisfiedby your goods or services.Then you must describein a winningway how the goods you offer will contributeto your prospect’ssatisfaction.
findingsintoimagesfor the readyunderstandingof yourreaders.Makesureby theclarityof yourwriting thatwhatyou say aboutyourgoodsandserviceswill be readwiththe meaningyou intend. Usinglanguageadaptedto the reader,and words thatare the simplestthatwillcarryyourthought, thenyouneedto presentyourideasin thebestorder. We are not talkingabouttext-bookprose.Thathas to be attendedto for the purposeof impartingin- formationas accuratelyas possible.Whatthesalesman needsis an instrumentby whichto modifyhisreader’s thoughts.Wordsaresymbols,creatingpicturesin the reader’smind,and hisreactionto thesepictureshas immediatesignificanceto thewriter.If the picture conjuredup by a poorlychosenpresentationis repulsive,thatgivesa death-blowto the hopeof the favourableresponsethe writersought. Businesswritingdemandscompactness.A letter shouldget down to brasstackswithoutbeingcurt or incoherent.Your readerdoes not want to wade throughsentencesor paragraphsof non-essentials. At the sametimeyou mustnot economizeon words foolishly.You shouldkeepyourlettersas shortas youcan,butbe sureyoucoverthesubjecteffectively. Insteadof length,usethoughtfulness.You shouldnot hesitateto usea non-factualsentenceto builda bridge betweenfactsandideas. Completenessmeansthatyou tellyourreaderwhat he wantsto know aboutyour serviceor product. Imagineeveryreaderto havea "showme" attitude. Be thorough.Informativesellingwillgivethebuyer confidenceandincreasehis satisfaction.It willalso reducethe returnedgoodsproblemof yourfirm.
Stylein writing Writingis an instrumentfor conveyingideasfrom one mindto another.Yourjob is to makeyourreader graspyourmeaningreadilyand precisely.Theopposite of thisideaof communicationis illustratedby the Arapesh people of New Guinea.When some event of importanceoccurs,a birthor a death,a quarrel of proportions,or the visitof a governmentpatrol, therearedrumbeatsfromhilltopto hilltop.Butall thatthe signalsconveyis thatsomethinghashappened aboutwhichthe listenershadbetterbecomeexcited. Someof ouradvertisingis of thissort. The firstrequirementof style,then,is thatwhat we writeshallmeanto the readerwhatit meansin ourminds.If we canachievedistinctionof expression, directness,lucidity,dramaticquality,concreteness, and on suitableoccasionssomefeelingof adventure in phraseand idea,then we do not need to worry aboutwhetherwe have"style". We mustbe warylestin avoidingthe foggystuff whichcomesfromthe use of a vagueintermixtureof words,currentphrases,hackneyedtermsand fashion- ableexpressionswe fallintotheothererror:thatof finewriting.Dr.SamuelJohnsonsaidin 1773-- and
PostOffice^ AuthorizedaaDepartment,^ secondclassOttawamail,
it is stillone of the bestrules-"Readoveryour compositions,and when you meet with a passage whichyouthinkis particularlyfine,strikeit out".
The tendencyof solidbusinessfirmsis awayfrom all sortsof freakcorrespondence.Theyavoiddevices whichattractattentionto themselvesratherthanto thespiritof theirmessage.
Develop wide interests
The writingof saleslettersis not an art to be masteredby meagreminds.Goodlettersemanateonly from personswho can see and think beyondtheir own desks.
Salesmanshipandthewritingof saleslettersdemand studyas wellas experience.Ambitiousletterwriters willreadwidely,not onlyin businessand technical literaturebutin culturalsubjects-philosophy,eco- nomics,biographyand travel,amongothers.It pays to be wellprimedon topicsof generalsignificance, becausethe more you have in your mind, and the betterthingsyou havein yourmind,the morelikely you are to bringworthwhilefusionsof ideasout of your mind.
A broadmindedman will have absorbedmore than ideasaboutthe mechanicsof his job:he willhaveset up for himselfa code of behaviour.The average customeris notan expertin the thingshe is buying. He doesn’tknow nearlyas much aboutthem as the salesmandoes.Thislaysuponthe salesmanan obliga- tionto protectthe customer,and to give him, if possible,somethingbetterthanhe would,according to thestrictletterof hiscontract,expectto receive.
Peopledo not patronizea storebecauseit has Greekcornicesoverits windows,or becauseit puts advertisingwordstogetherin more poeticperiods, but becausecustomersknow that they get good commoditiesand honestservice.Deed and word-- what you offer and what you say about it- must marchtogetherintelligently.Wheneveryou draw attentionto an attribute,defineit: "Better"than what? "Newer"than what?"Faster"than what?
Checkingtheletter Havingwrittenyoursalesletter,lookit overwith these questionsin mind: Have I made nay points clearly?Have I givenall the informationneeded? Is my letterso wordedas to place the emphasis properly?HaveI avoidedwitheredphrasesand dead words?Have I eliminatedexcessverbiage?Has my lettera friendlyfeelingin it? Doesit carryconviction of my firm’ssincerityand the worthwhilenessof whatit offers? The answerswill probablybe "yes"if you have studiedyour firm, your goods,your market,and yourprospects’wants,and thenwrittenyourpresen- tationclearlyand putyourselfintothemoodof your appeal.Thatis constructivesalesmanship.
PRINTED IN CANADA by The RoyalBank of Canada