OSHA & CDC Guidelines: Bloodborne Pathogens & Precautions in Healthcare, Slides of Biology

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Observing Standard Precautions

Introduction

 One of the main ways that pathogens are

spread is by blood and body fluids

 Extreme care must be taken at all times

when an area, object, or person is

contaminated with blood or body fluids

 2 main pathogens of worry

◦ HBV

◦ HIV

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

 Employers are required to follow the

following regulations:

1. Determine all employees that have occupational exposure to blood or potentially infectious materials such as semen, vaginal secretions, and/or other body fluids
2. Provide hepatitis B vaccine free of charge to all employees with occupational exposure, and have a written release form signed by any employee that does not want the vaccine

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

 Employers are required to follow the

following regulations:

3. Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, gowns, masks, and face shields in appropriate sizes and in accessible locations
4. Provide adequate handwashing facilities
5. Ensure that the worksite is maintained in a clean, sanitary condition
6. Follow measures for immediate decontamination of any surface that comes in contact with blood or infectious materials

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

 Employers are required to follow the

following regulations:

10. Post signs at the entrance to work areas with occupational exposure
11. Provide confidential follow-up for any employee who has and exposure incident such as an accidental needle stick or was splashed with blood or body fluids on the skin, eyes, or mucous membrane

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

 Employers are required to follow the

following regulations:

12. Provide training about the regulations to all employees at no cost during work hours, and provide additional education as needed when procedures or working conditions are changed or modified.
13. Employers MUST make sure that every employee uses standard precautions at ALL times to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials

Standard Precautions

 Standard precautions must be used in any

situation in which health care providers

may contact:

◦ Blood ◦ Body fluids, secretions, and excretions such as mucus, sputum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, feces, vomitus, amniotic fluid, semen, and vaginal secretions ◦ Mucous membranes ◦ Non-intact skin

Standard Precautions

 Handwashing

◦ Major aspect of standard precautions ◦ Most important method used to practice aseptic technique

Standard Precautions

 Gloves must be changed after contact

with each pt

 Care must be taken while removing

gloves to avoid contamination of the skin

 Hands must be washed immediately after

removal of gloves

 Gloves must not be washed or disinfected

for reuse

Standard Precautions

 Gowns

◦ Must be worn during any procedure that is likely to cause splashing or spraying of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions ◦ Help prevent contamination of clothing or uniforms ◦ Contaminated gown must be handled carefully per policy ◦ Hands must be washed immediately after removing a gown

Standard Precautions

 Sharp Objects (needles, blades, etc.)

◦ Use extreme care when handling sharp objects to avoid accidental cuts or punctures ◦ Needles must never be bent or broken after use ◦ Needles must be left uncapped and attached to the syringe ◦ Place in a puncture-resistant sharps container immediately after use ◦ Surgical blades and other sharp instruments must also be discarded in the sharps container

Standard Precautions

 Disposal of Sharp Containers

◦ Must not be emptied or reused ◦ Federal, state, and local laws establish regulations for the disposal of the sharps containers ◦ Follow the policy at your facility

Standard Precautions

 Mouthpieces or resuscitation devices

◦ Should be used to avoid the need for mouth- to-mouth resuscitation ◦ Devices should be placed in convenient locations and be readily accessible for use ◦ Most are one-time use only

Standard Precautions

 Waste and soiled linen disposal

◦ Wear gloves when handling waste and soiled linen ◦ Infectious wastes such as contaminated dressings, gloves, and body tissues must be placed in special infectious waste or biohazardous material bags ◦ Soiled linen should be placed in linen bags clearly labeled as such