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Assignment Network Network computer: It is a system used to connect two or more devices using one of the communication systems technologies in order to exchange information, resources and data between them that are available to the network types of networks there are a lot of network Types like: LAN, WAN, WLAN, MAN, SAN, PAN, WLAN, CAN The three most important networks: Local network (LAN) A local area network is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office Building by contrast a wide area network not only covers a larger geographic distance but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits
Advantages Of LAN:
- Hardware and Software can be shared
- Does not cost too much
- Private ownership
- All the user work can be stored in a central place hub
- Separate component
- It is easy to set up a security protocol to protect the LAN user from hackers
- Data can be shared because the database file stored in the Server is available to the user around the network Disadvantages of LAN:
- It covers a small geographical area
- A virus can be Spread more easily
- High degree of maintenance
- A constant need for an upgrade
- Printing can be too much slow, long print queues may develop
- A Data is shared there is a greater need for security-based
- Level of maintenance continues to grow
- It is difficult to set up LAN architecture
Wide area network (WAN):
A wide area network is a telecommunications network that
extends over a large geographic area. Wide area networks are
often established with leased telecommunication circuits
Advantages of WAN
Increase efficiency
Easy of communication
Large network cover
Share information over the large area
Message can be sent very quickly to anyone else on the
network
It supports the Global market and Global business
Centralized IT infrastructure
Boost your privacy
Disadvantages of WAN
It is slow in speed
It is complected and complex
It is difficult to maintain the network
It is very costly because we have to pay every time for
transferring Data
WAN is a big and complex problem
Very much dependent on the third party because it is a
public network
WAN is not secure and means not reliable
Security problem
Training cost
Maintenance problem
Require high-performance device
What type of network will I use for the Project:
In my opinion the local network is appropriate because everything will be connected with throw cables and the entire network is located in the same building. This type is suitable because it works well and is reliable and its cost is not very high and because we have a large amount of Data in the company In my opinion this is the best and the Optimal for our Project
Network Topology:
Network topology: The topology in which network links and
nodes are connected.
Or in other words, it is a layout of how the network is connected
to different devices
Bus Topology Advantages
It is the most appropriate for little networks. It is not difficult to set up, handle, and carry out. It costs extremely less Bus Topology Disadvantages It isn’t not difficult to separate issues in the network hubs. It is reasonable for networks with low traffic. High traffic increments load on the transport, and the network effectiveness drops. The link length is restricted. This restricts the quantity of network hubs that can be associated. This network topology can perform well just for a set number of hubs. Whenever the quantity of gadgets associated with the transport builds, the effectiveness diminishes
Ring Topology: Easy to oversee and with a generally safe of
impact yet dependent on all hubs being controlled up and in full
working request. Seldom utilized today
Ring Topology Advantages
The information being communicated between two hubs
goes through every one of the moderate hubs. A focal
Server isn’t needed for the administration of this topology.
The traffic is unidirectional and the information
transmission is fast.
In contrast with transport, a ring is better at taking care of a
burden.
The adding or eliminating of network hubs is simple, as the
interaction requires changing just two associations.
The setup makes it simple to distinguish shortcomings in
network hubs.
Star Topology Advantages
Because of its incorporated nature, the topology offers
effortlessness of activity.
It likewise accomplishes disconnection of every gadget in
the network.
Adding or eliminating network hubs is simple, and should
be possible without influencing the whole network.
Because of the unified nature, it is not difficult to recognize
flaws in the network gadgets.
As the examination of traffic is simple, the topology
presents lesser security hazards.
Information bundles don’t need to go through numerous
hubs, as on account of a ring network. Along these lines,
with the utilization of a high-limit focal center, traffic burden
can be taken care of at a genuinely good pace.
Star Topology Disadvantages
Network activity relies upon the working of the focal
center. Subsequently, focal center disappointment
prompts disappointment of the whole network.
Likewise, the quantity of hubs that can be added, relies
upon the limit of the focal center.
The arrangement cost is very high.
Tree Topology: A various leveled format that joins together
gatherings of hubs. Makes parent-kid conditions between root
hubs and ordinary hubs. This format can be defenseless
against disappointment assuming a root hub has an issue. This
topology is muddled and hard to oversee and it utilizes a Lot of
links
Tree Topology Advantages
The tree topology is valuable in situations where a star or
transport can’t be executed independently. It is most-fit in
systems administration in different branches of a college or
enterprise, where every unit (Star portion) works
independently, and is likewise associated with the
fundamental hub (root hub).
The disappointment of a solitary hub doesn’t make the
whole network fall flat as there are substitute ways for
information transmission.
It can deal with weighty traffic, as there are devoted ways
between any two network hubs.
Highlight point contact between each pair of hubs, makes
it simple to recognize flaws.
Tree Topology Disadvantages
As various fragments are associated with a focal transport,
the network relies vigorously upon the transport. Its
disappointment influences the whole network.
Inferable from its size and intricacy, support is difficult and
costs are high. Likewise, design is troublesome in contrast
with that in different geographies.
it is adaptable, the quantity of hubs that can be added relies
upon the limit of the focal transport and on the link type
Hybrid Topology: Combines at least two of the standard
geographies. This can be a decent answer for rapidly
interfacing together unique existing networks into a brought
together framework. Try not to confound the expression
“crossover network topology” with “half breed framework” – a
term that is applied to the mix of on-location and cloud assets.
Hybrid Topology Advantages
The hybrid topology is more viable as it utilizes numerous
geographies.
The hybrid topology contains the best and effective
elements of the consolidated topologies from which it is
built.
Hybrid Topology Disadvantages
The hybrid topology is somewhat more complicated than
different geographies
The hybrid topology is challenging to introduce and design
Mesh topology Bus topology Star topology Easy to troubleshoot Difficulty reconfiguring and isolating error Easily troubleshoot and isolate find the mistakes and resolve it Installation cost is high Cheap in cost because it can be operated with one cable The devices required to connect each device are expensive in terms of price Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic All data over a single cable, which leads to the deterioration of network traffic Using dedicated links, each link can carry its own data only, thus avoiding the traffic problem Route information from one node to another It is used in Used in LAN smaller networks bandwidth Used in WAN capacity
Network standards protocols and principles:
What does network protocol mean:
The IP protocol is designed as the primary communication protocol addressing protocol in the TCP / IP protocol suite used in computing to link them together within the network and is responsible for providing each device with a unique address of its kind. And the interconnection of these networks. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): It is the main text for Data transfer across that allows the transfer of hypertext between two or more systems. The customer's order submitted by the previous customer, is designed against the creation of a purchase order TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): It is a communication protocol used to communicate over a network and transfer Data. It divides Data into a series of packets that are sent from the sender (source) to the receiver (destination) and there they are reassembled at the destination. DHCP Automated Host Configuration Protocol: It is used to assign an IP address to any device or node on the network so that they can connect to the network via IP. Its task is to give the IP to the devices automatically without the need to do it manually. FTP File Transfer Protocol: Hawa is a protocol that transfers files between two devices connected via a TCP/IP packet or from one system to another over the Internet. Websites may be used to upload or download files from the website's Server. It can be modified or changed the name and other similar tasks. Network Standards:
Networking standards define the Data communication rules necessary for the interoperability of network technologies and operations. Standards help create and maintain open markets and allow different sellers to compete on the basis of the quality of their products with compatibility with existing market products. Some of the most important networking standards organizations: (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: Dedicated to setting standards in a wide range of industries and to delivering technological innovation. (IOSC) Internet Society: (ITU_T) International Telecommunication Union:
Network Layer: This layer is used to receive frames from the Data link layer and deliver them to their destinations based on the addresses inside the frame, using logical addresses. Transport Layer: It transmits Data using transmission protocols including TCP and UDP and is also used for delivery management and error checking for Data packets. Session Layer: It controls conversations between different computers and is responsible for controlling ports and sessions. It also includes authentication and reconnection. Presentation layer: It is used to format or translate Data for the application layer based on the semantics of the sentence accepted by the application. It is also used for decoding. Application layer: It is the human-computer interaction layer and this layer defines communication partners, availability of resources and communication synchronization. TCP/IP model: It is used to determine how a particular computer is connected to the Internet and how Data is transferred between them The purpose of the TCP/IP model is to allow communication over large distances
The TCP/IP model includes four layers: Application layer: It is the same (application layer, presentation layer, session layer) combined in the OSI model Transport layer: It is the same as the transport layer in the OSI model The Internet layer: It is the same as the Internet layer in the OSI model Network Interface Layer: It is the same (data link layer, physical layer) combined in the OSI model Client server network: It means we have a powerful computer server, it keeps the data and when the user wants to get the data he must send a request to a server and the server will check if this user has permission to get this data if he has permission then the data will be sent to him
