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Nervous System: Anatomy, Function, Divisions, Neurons, Myelination, Neuroglia, Lecture notes of Anatomy

An in-depth exploration of the nervous system, covering its structural divisions, functional divisions, basic structure of nervous tissue, neuron classification, myelination, and nerve fibers. It discusses the roles of neuroglia, the differences between the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the functions of somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

What you will learn

  • What are the structural divisions of the nervous system?
  • What is the role of myelination in nerve conduction?
  • What is the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?

Typology: Lecture notes

2017/2018

Uploaded on 11/04/2018

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Nervous system
Structural Divisions of the Nervous System
Nervous
system
Central
nervous
system
Brain
Cerebrum Cerebellum Brainstem
Spinal cord
Peripheral
nervous
system
Cranial nerves Spinal nerves
Functions of the Nervous System
Functional divisions of the nervous system
Nervous
system
Somatic
nervous
system
VOLUNTARY
Autonomic
nervous
system
INVOLUNTARY
Sympathetic
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Nervous system

Structural Divisions of the Nervous System Nervous system Central nervous system Brain Cerebrum Cerebellum Brainstem Spinal cord Peripheral nervous system Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Functions of the Nervous System

Functional divisions of the nervous system Nervous system Somatic nervous system VOLUNTARY Autonomic nervous system INVOLUNTARY Sympathetic

nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Basic structure of a nervous tissue 2 types of cells – Neurons & Neuroglia Neuroglia - macroglia & microglia CNS

  • Oligodendrocyte
  • Astrocyte
  • Fibrillary
  • Protoplasmic
  • Ependymal cells
  • Microglia Neuroglia PNS
  • Schwann cell
  • Satellite cell NEUROGLIA Neuron - structure

Parts of a neuron

  1. Cell body/soma/perikaryon – grey matter Pyramidal Fusiform Stellate Polygonal Flask shaped

Myelin sheath

  • Myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS).
  • A single oligodendrocyte ensheathe up to 50 axons
  • Schwann cells ensheathe only 1 axon. Many ensheathe 1 axon
  • Schmidt Lantermann cleft?/ Myelin incisure? Nerve fibres Myelination Myelinated Unmyelinated Function Motor Sensory Sensory Group A Aα – I a,b Aβ - II Aγ - II Aδ - III Group B Group C Autonomic (Bundles of Remak)
  • Efferent – away from CNS to periphery - MOTOR
  • Afferent – towards CNS from periphery – SENSORY
  • White ramus communicans
  • Grey ramus communicans
  • Nerve plexus Spinal nerves TYPICAL SPINAL NERVE

Spinal segment Dermatome Area of skin supplied by a single

spinal nerve

  • Group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system

Summary

  • CNS – brain and spinal cord
  • PNS – cranial and spinal nerves
  • Myelination increases nerve conduction velocity
  • Myelination – Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells
  • White – myelinated, grey – unmyelinated
  • Nerve fibres form plexuses – cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral