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Dry steam plants, flash steam plants, and binary cycle power plants are the three main types of what kind of generating plant? A. Nuclear generators B. Combustion turbine generators C. Geothermal generators D. Hydroelectric generators - ANS-C. Geothermal generators If a reliability coordinator identifies that there is a potential transmission related problem in the area, who should they notify? A. Marketers in the area B. Other reliability coordinators in the interconnection C. All purchasing selling entities D. Generation operators in the area of the potential problem - ANS-B. Other reliability coordinators in the interconnection Restoration services on critical telecommunications channels should be available A. 24 hours per day B. Within 12 hours of a telecommunication channel failure C. By the end of the next business day D. Within 72 hours of the contingency occurring - ANS-A. 24 hours per day According to NERC, A balancing authority may elect to fulfill its contingency reserve obligations by participating as a member of a A.1SO B. Reserve sharing group C.RTO D. Regional reliability organization - ANS-B. Reserve sharing group If you were to experience the northern lights what would be your concern with the operation of the power system? A. System harmonics causing oscillations B. A reduction of MVAR consumption C. Generator output reduction D. Transformer overheating - ANS-D. Transformer overheating Your BA has a net scheduled interchange of 650 MW and your actual interchange is 800 MW. The frequency bias setting for your BA is 65 MW/0.1 Hz. There isa disturbance on the system and the actual frequency is 60.02 Hz. What is your ACE? A. -163 MW B. -137 MW C. 137 MW D. 163 MW - ANS-D. 163 MW Generators have the ability to be used as voltage control devices. If a generator raises its VAR output the system operator should expect the system voltage to A. Decrease B. Increase C. Not changes D. Collapse - ANS-B. Increase if a BA has 500 MW of spinning reserves and of that 300 are regulating reserves, by definition, NERC requires the regulating reserves must be? A. Online and AGC responsive B. Able to ramp to full load within 10 minutes C. Able to be online within 10 minutes D. Able to be online within 5 minutes - ANS-A. Online and AGC responsive There is a shunt capacitor on your system that has a rating of 50 MVAR @ 138 KV. The voltage at the time of switching the capacitor in service is 124 KV. What would be the expected output of the capacitor? A. 45 MVAR B. 43.5 MVAR C. 50 MVAR D. 40.5 MVAR - ANS-D. 40.5 MVAR Which mode of AGC operation is the one that NERC states will be used unless such operation is averse to the system or interconnection Reliability? A. Constant interchange B. Tie-line Bias C. Constant frequency D. Load-frequency bias - ANS-B. Tie-line Bias You have a 600 MW unit that is currently loaded at 300 MW and frequency drops .2 Hz. What will the new output of the generator be as a result of the drop in frequency due to droop characteristic? A. 300 MW. B. 340 MW C. 260 MW D. 380 MW - ANS-B. 340 MW If a BA is unable to calculate its ACE for more than ___ it shall notify its RC. A. 15 minutes B. 60 minutes C. 30 minutes D. 20 minutes - ANS-C. 30 minutes A. Earthquakes B. High customer load C. Impacts of GMD activity D. Earthquake aftershocks - ANS-C. Impacts of GMD activity The data scan rate for the ACE calculation has to occur atleast every A. Four seconds B. 10 seconds C. 15 seconds D. Six seconds - ANS-D. Six seconds According to NERC, which of the following shall shed customer load rather than risk an uncontrolled failure of components or cascading outages of the interconnection after all other remedial steps have been taken? A. Transmission operator or balancing authority B. Transmission operator or load serving entity C. Transmission owner or balancing authority D. Balancing authority or load serving entity - ANS-A. Transmission operator or balancing authority The transmission owner and distribution provider that owns a UVLS system shall have equipment maintenance and testing programs in place. This program shall include which of the following? 1. Relays 2 instrument transformers 3 grounds 4 batteries A. 2,3,84 B. 1,3,84 C1283 D. 1,2,84 - ANS-D. 1,2,84 Transmission operator A has a step-up transformer that has a rating of 1000 MVA at a generating facility. The unit is operating at full load and it is a peak day. Transmission operator A gets an alarm from a step-up transformer and sees that itis loaded to 105% of its rated capacity. Transmission operator A has how long to return the transformer to the rated capacity? A. 30 minutes B. 20 minutes C. 60 minutes. D. 15 minutes - ANS-A. 30 minutes Who is responsible to know the status of all transmission reactive power resources, including the status of voltage regulators and power system stabilizers? A. Transmission owner B. Transmission operator C. Transmission service provider D. Reliability authority - ANS-B. Transmission operator What is the IEEE number for a differential relay? A. 25 B. 50 C.21 D. 87 - ANS-D. 87 Who is responsible to initiate the confirmation process for interchange schedules? A Balancing Authority B. Generation providing entity C. Transmission service provider D. Purchasing selling entity - ANS-A. Balancing authority A 10% reduction in voltage results in the effective value of a capacitor being A. Reduced by more than 10% B. Increased by 10% C. Reduced 10% D. Unchanged - ANS-A. Reduced by more than 10% Generator #2 is putting out 100 MW to station A. There is 0 MW coming from system Z to station A. The MW flow on the lines is as follows: line one has 50 MW from A to B, line 2 has 25 MW from A to B, and line 3 has 25 MW from A to B. If 100 MW were to flow in from system Z, what would be the new MW flow on line 2 A. 50 B. 100 C.25) D. 150 - ANS-A. 50 If the reliability coordinator identifies an IROL for a future operating day due to scheduled outages, they are required to do which of the following? A. Develop a mitigation plan B. Declare an EEA3 for the hours of concern C. Cancel all outages for the operating day D. Review its restoration plan - ANS-A. Develop a mitigation plan Who can declare an energy emergency? A. The deficient balancing authorities reliability coordinator B. The deficient balancing authorities transmission operator C. The deficient balancing authority D. The deficient balancing authorities AGC operator - ANS-A. The deficient balancing authorities reliability coordinator C. Passive stall-controlled wind turbines D. Blade adjustable wind turbines - ANS-B. Pitch controlled wind turbines You are a BA and your MSSC is the loss of a 750 MW unit within your reserve sharing group. You have a loss of supply that is a reportable incident and you activate your reserve sharing. You have utilized all of your reserves for the contingency. How long do you have to restore your reserves? A. 90 minutes B. 60 minutes C. 15 minutes D. 30 minutes - ANS-A. 90 minutes You are a BA and your frequency bias setting is 450 MW. The actual frequency is 59.98 Hz. What is your contribution to the interconnection for frequency? A. 450 MW. B. 900 MW Cc. 90 MW D. 4500 MW - ANS-C. 90 MW Which of the following statements is true about the interchange process? A. Balancing authorities are responsible for verifying valid transmission service B. Transmission service providers are responsible for implementing interchange C. Transmission service providers are responsible for adjusting the DC tie-line D. Balancing authorities are responsible for verifying ramp rate - ANS-D. Balancing authorities are responsible for verifying ramp rate If a capacitor bank is removed from service, what immediate effect will there be on the voltage? A. Increase B. Drop and then return to previous level C. Stay the same D. Decrease - ANS-D. Decrease BA'A' has an estimated peak load for the next year of 13,250 MW. What is the minimum frequency bias setting it is allowed to carry according to the NERC? A. 150 MW. B. 133 MW C. 100 MW D. 120 MW - ANS-B. 133 MW If a transmission operator's state estimator fails to produce a valid solution, which of the following would you expect to be impacted? A. PSSE results would be more accurate B. Contingency analysis results could be flawed C. ACE calculation would be incorrect D. Load forecasts would deviate >4.5% - ANS-B. Contingency analysis results could be flawed The contingency event recovery. Are how many minutes? A. 60 B.15 Cc. 90 D. 45 - ANS-B. 15 The net scheduled interchange for a BA area is 150 MW out of its system and the actual interchange is 185 MW out. The frequency bias setting is 100 MW/0.1 Hz. The scheduled frequency was at 60 Hz and suddenly declined to 59.95 Hz. Which of the following is true about the balancing authorities ACE and what should the generation do? A. ACE is +35 MW; decrease generation B. ACE is -15 MW; increase generation C. ACE is -35 MW; increase generation D. ACE is +15 MW; decrease generation - ANS-B. ACE is -15 MW; increase generation There are two transmission lines that have to be switched into service. Both lines are 500 KV lines and are identical in conductor construction. Line A is 100 miles long, while line B is 75 miles long. Which line will incur more charging when energized? A. Line A B. Line B C. Neither, they will both be the same D. Lying charging is not a concern when switching lines in service - ANS-A. Line A An abnormally high voltage situation on a system can be corrected by A. Removing capacitors B. Directing generation to increase their VAR output C. Reducing load D. Decreasing power flow transfers - ANS-A. Removing capacitors Each RC, TOP, and BA shall have ___ for when there is a loss of interpersonal communications capability. A. A burst messaging system B. Alternative communication capability C. Multiple backup phone systems. D. Industrial rated satellite phones - ANS-B. Alternative communication capability According to NERC standards, RCs, TOPs, BAs, GOPs, and LSEs can submit a report for a sabotage event on which of the following reports? A. Event reporting form or DOE-OE-407 B. DOE -OE-407 or EEA 3 report C. Event reporting form or DOE-OE-417 D. Event reporting form or EEA 3 Report - ANS-C. Event reporting form or DOE-OE-417 During system restoration, system frequency should be maintained in which of the following ranges? A. 59.75 - 61.00 Hz B. 59.25 - 60.50 Hz C. 58.50 - 60.05 Hz D. 59.00 - 61.00 Hz - ANS-A. 59.75 - 61.00 Hz The reliability coordinator shall verify that all delegated tasks are carried out by NERC certified operating personnel A. Reliability coordinator B. Transmission operator C. Delegated task D. Balancing authority - ANS-A. Reliability coordinator The plan for the loss of contro! center functionality shall include a summary description of the elements required to support the backup functionality which includes all the following except: A. Tools and applications B. Voice communications C. Fully rested relief shifts D. Data communications - ANS-C. Fully rested relief shifts Which of the following types of generation resources would utilize a process of fission or fusion? A. Nuclear generators B. Combustion turbine generators C. Geothermal generators D. Hydroelectric generators - ANS-A. Nuclear generators Each reliability coordinator shall approve the restoration plan of each transmission operator in its reliability coordinator area in accordance with whose requirements? A. NERC B. DOE C. FERC D. Public utility commission - ANS-A. NERC If balancing authority’s ABC's RTU signal for power flow over ABC's Midway tie-line with balancing authority XYZ is significantly in error, the ABC system operator shall A. Not make any adjustments, but after the RTU gets repaired, perform a true-up calculation on the inadvertent account B. Call the XYZ balancing authority and set up an inadvertent interchange schedule that is larger than the RTU error C. Adjust the control settings to compensate for the equipment error until repairs can be made D. Let the AGC system handle the problem - ANS-C. Adjust the control settings to compensate for the equipment error until repairs can be made You are operating in the balancing authority function. Your ACE is currently 0 MW and frequency is 59.97 Hz. You determine that your neighboring BA to the north has experienced the tripping of a generator. Between the times of 1020 and 1030 the system is operating normally. The average for the ACE is 58 MW. The BAL10 is 55 MW. What should you do? A. Open the tide lines between you and your neighbor B. Shed load to restore frequency to 60 Hz C. Increase your generation until frequency gets back to 60 Hz D. Control your system ACE and wait for request for assistance - ANS-D. Control your system ACE and wait for request for assistance. If a balancing area has a scheduled interchange of 300 MW that started on the hour, what would be the hourly integrated value if the transactions were curtailed at 45 minutes past the hour? A. 150 MWhr B. 225 MWhr C. 100 MWhr D. 300 MWhr - ANS-B. 225 MWhr A 900 MW generator has a 5% governor droop characteristic and is connected to the system by two 500 KV lines. Initially it is loaded at 100% of its rated capacity. The frequency then falls 0.9 Hz. What is the generators new output? A. 75% B. 25% C. 100% D. 0% - ANS-C. 100% A Transmission operator has to restore two 500 KV lines to service. Both lines are of the same construction, but line 5085 is 95 miles long and line 5012 is just 22 miles long. Which of the following statements is true about the restoration of the lines? A. More charging will be incurred when restoring the 5085 lines rather than 5012 lines B The voltage rise from switching line 5012 will be significantly higher than that of 5085 lines C. The voltage rise from both lines will be the same D. More charging will be incurred when restoring the 5012 lines rather than the 5085 line - ANS-A. More charging will be incurred when restoring the 5085 lines rather than 5012 lines Regardless of the processes it uses, the RC must direct its BAs and TOPs to return the transmission system to within its interconnection reliability operating limits as soon as possible, but no longer than A. 20 minutes B. 30 minutes If you are operating your BA area and today's peak load is 5245 MW with a temperature of 88°F what would the expected impact on tomorrow's load if the temperature is forecasted to be 94°F A. Load would be less than 5245 MW. B. Load would be more than 5245 MW C. Load would remain the same D. Load would be slightly lower - ANS-B. Load would be more than 5245 MW What percentage of a line is protected with overlapping zone one protection? A. 50% B. 80% C. 10% D. 90% - ANS-B. 80% In the ACE equation B represents which of the following? A. The percentage of generation available in fast start turbines B. The frequency bias setting (MW/0.1Hz) for the balancing authority C. A percentage of your companies estimated annual peak load D. A percentage of your most severe single contingency - ANS-B. The frequency bias setting (MW/0.1 Hz) for the balancing authority You receive indication that all of the circuit breakers on both sides of a transformer have opened and locked out, which of the following relays would you expect to have operated? A. 87B B. 87T C. 59G D. 21-1 - ANS-B. 87T You are in the process of restoring your system. The system load is currently 4200 MW, when system frequency drops to 58.50 hurts how much load needs to be dropped to get frequency back to 60 Hz? A. 252-420 MW B. 300-510 MW C. 126-210 MW D. 378-630 MW - ANS-D. 378-630 MW A system disturbance has caused your BA to lose tie-line RTUs with a neighboring BA which telemeter data into your energy management system. Where in the ACE equation can you correct for this? A. (Fa - Fs) B. IMe C. (Nla - Nis) D. 10B - ANS-B. IMe Your BA area had two 100 MW interchange transactions at the start of last hour. Transaction A started at 100 MW and was reduced to 50 MW on the half hour. Transaction B started at 100 MW and was reduced to 50 MW on the half hour and then reduced to 0 MW at quarter to the hour. What was the megawatt hour integration for last hour for your area? A. 125 MWhr B. 137.5 MWhr C. 62.5 MWhr D. 200 MWhr - ANS-B. 137.5 MWhr Which of the following would not be considered a reliability event that would allow for the modification of an interchange transaction? A. Loss of generation B. SOL or IROL violations C. Loss of load D. Incremental cost in the LMP zone - ANS-D. Incremental cost in the LMP zone If a series of events occurred that was the result of geomagnetic disturbance activity, geomagnetically induced current could result in which of the following? A. Excessive heating in transformers B. Capacitor output increases C. Generators automatically connect to the system D. Shunt reactors stop absorbing MVARs - ANS-A. Excessive heating in transformers If a BAs ACE is on zero and as a result of the implementation of a time error correction ACE now indicates undergeneration of 50 MW, what is the BAs frequency bias setting A. 100 MW/0.1 Hz B. 250 MW/0.1 Hz C. 50 MW/0.1 Hz D. 300 MW/0.1 Hz - ANS-B. 250 MW/0.1 Hz If a BA performed a large load curtailment and 5% voltage reduction as part of their emergency procedures for capacity emergencies but has not shed firm load, then this BA is in what level of energy emergency alert? A. Level one B. Level two C. Level zero D. Level three - ANS-B. Level two Transmission operator A and transmission operator B share 345 KV tie-line. The line has an actual flow of 250 MVA from B to A. If there is a difference in derived operating limits between the transmission operators on the 345 KV tie-line the transmission operator shall A. Operate to the most limiting parameter B. Use the limit requested by the BA C. Operate to the higher limit A. when time permits B. In coordination with other impacted entities C. independent of all other parties D. only at the direction of the RC - ANS-B. In coordination with other impacted entities Which of the following equipment would be considered a dynamic resource? A. shunt reactor B. shunt capacitor C. generator D. switchable capacitor - ANS-C. generator During a system emergency, the BA and TOP shall immediately take action to restore the ___ power balance A. static and dynamic B. scheduled and actual C. generation and interchange D. real and reactive - ANS-D. real and reactive When performing a pre-outage study, you identify that the transmission outage will cause a thermal violation on a parallel path, which of the following actions would be the first one that you would implement? A. allow the outage to occur and see what happens B. allow the outage to take place as long as no load is lost C. reschedule the outage if possible D. shed load to mitigate the concern - ANS-C. reschedule the outage if possible When an event occurs that causes a system frequency excursion, which party is responsible for returning frequency to normal? A. All BA's in the Interconnection B. The BA who caused the excursion C. The RC D. All GO's - ANS-B. The BA who caused the excursion Which of the following would be an appropriate reason to manually shed load? A. High system transfers B. regulating reserve deficiency C. provide emergency assistance to external parties D. continuous drop in frequency - ANS-D. continuous drop in frequency Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between State Estimator and Contingency Analysis? A. SE uses the results of CA to solve B. There is no relationship between SE and CA C. CA uses the results of SE to solve D. SE only solves when CA fails - ANS-C. CA uses the results of SE to solve Which of the following systems was put in place to provide RCs with a mechanism to handle energy deficiencies? A. max generation alerts B. energy emergency alerts C. DOE reporting requirements D. NERC threat cons - ANS-B. energy emergency alerts Two parallel transmission lines are both rated for 450 MVA and are currently at 320 MVA each. If one of the lines trips, it will cause the other line to be loaded above its rating by more than 150 MVA. What should you do if you receive notification that due to a system emergency one of the lines must come out of service? A. delay the outage until generation can be started B. redispatch available generation and remove the line from service C. Take the line out of service and dump 150 MW of load D. wait until the line trips out of service - ANS-B. redispatch available generation and remove the line from service If your system is experiencing dynamic reactive reserve deficiencies, which of the following actions can be implemented to increase this dynamic reactive reserve? A. place a capacitor in service B. place a reactor in service C. remove a capacitor from service D. load transmission lines above SIL - ANS-A. place a capacitor in service The system operator shall have the responsibility and___ to implement real time actions that ensure the stable and reliable operation of the BES. A. Authority B. experience C. contingency analysis D. policies - ANS-A. Authority The electric system security data is received over the ___ A. RCIS B. SDX C. NERC hotline D. ISN - ANS-D. ISN If a transmission line has an SOL of 1375 MVA, but due to parallel flows from external entities interchange transactions the actual flow is 1525 MVA, what action should you take? A. Ignore the limit because the parallel flows total 200 MVA which would bring your native usage down to 1325 MVA B. Open the line until the external entities curtail the interchange tags C. Request the RC to initiate a loading relief procedure D. Direct the external entities to shed 150MW of load - ANS-C. Request the RC to initiate a loading relief procedure restoring any additional load, what would be the impact on the generator during the line restoration? A. MW output would increase B. MVAR output would decrease C. MW and MVAR output would remain unchanged D. MVAR output would increase to maximum - ANS-B. MVAR output would decrease If your system is experiencing high system loads, high system imports, and transmission facilities loaded to 100%, which of the following situations would make the situation worse? A. loss of a distribution station B. an internal generator tripping C. a bulk capacitor connecting to the system D. a 500 KV transmission line returned to service - ANS-B. an internal generator tripping Your system planning group has determined that the TTC is 475 MW, but the ATC is 425 MW. If current reservations total 375 MW, how much capacity is available for reserving? A. 50 MW B. 100 MW C. 425 MW. D. 475 MW - ANS-A. 50 MW Today's weather is sunny and 86 F and the system load is 5400 MW. tomorrow's weather is forecasted to be sunny and 92 F, what would be the expected impact on the forecasted load A. load will be > 5400 MW B. load will be < 5400 MW C. load will be the same 5400 MW D. load will be < 4500 MW - ANS-A. load will be > 5400 MW According to NERC standards, how often is the RC required to perform a real time assessment of the system? A. at least once every 30 minutes B. hourly C. every 60 minutes until the problem is mitigated D. once a day by 1500 PST or CST - ANS-A. at least once every 30 minutes Which of the following is not a parameter that is used for automatic load shedding schemes? A. rate of generation reduction B. voltage C. power flow levels D. rate of voltage decay - ANS-A. rate of generation reduction According to EOP-005, the restoration plan should consider all of the following except A. strategies that are coordinated with the RC B. identification of blackstart resources C. back-up generators in transmission stations D. identification of cracking paths - ANS-C. back-up generators in transmission stations If an IROL is exceeded in real time that was identified as an on-going IROL, what should the system operator do to mitigate the exceedance? A. implement the IROL mitigation procedure B. ask your planning group to develop the mitigation plan C. determine what actions need to be implemented D. run a power flow study to determine the implications - ANS-A. implement the IROL mitigation procedure Which of the following is not a source of reactive power? A. shunt capacitors B. shunt reactors C. generators D. synchronous condenser - ANS-B. shunt reactors All of the following are appropriate actions for an operator to take when a time error correction has been issued except: A. enter the new scheduled frequency into the control system B. start time error correction at the designated time C. log the time error correction D. have plant operators adjust governor output manually - ANS-D. have plant operators adjust governor output manually Your system is experiencing a large amount of generator outages. While evaluating the system for the next day’s operations you determine that the system will be short capacity if the load projection is realized. which of the following actions would be the first action to be implemented A. attempt to cancel the generator maintenance outages B. remove environmental constraints from available generators C. reduce all commercial customer load D. implement a voltage reduction - ANS-A. attempt to cancel the generator maintenance outages Synch-scopes should be calibrated in A. clock minutes B. degrees C. according to company specs D. as required by the RC - ANS-B. degrees If a turbine governor control is set to provide full movement of turbine valves for a 3Hz change in frequency, what is the droop setting of the governor? A. 0% 
