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NERC BI - System Operations Exam | Actual Questions and Answers Latest
Updated 202 5 /202 6 (Graded A+)
Disturbance - ✔✔Any perturbation to the electric system or the unexpected change in ACE that is caused by the sudden loss of generation or interruption of load Interconnection reliability operating limit ( IROL) - ✔✔The value (such as MW, MVar, Amperes, Frequency or Volts) derived from, or a subset of the System Operating Limits, which if exceeded, could expose a widespread area of the Bulk Electric System to instability, uncontrolled separation(s) or cascading outages. Interconnection reliability operating limit - ✔✔A System Operating Limit that, if violated, could lead to instability, uncontrolled separation, or Cascading outages4 that adversely impact the reliability of the Bulk Electric System. Impedence - ✔✔The AC version of resistance to power flow, it includes inductive and capacitive reactance ( note when lines run in parallel it lowers the path of impedance) Phase Angle - ✔✔ Power Angle - ✔✔ Voltage - ✔✔an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts. System Operating limit - ✔✔The value (such as MW, MVar, Amperes, Frequency or Volts) that satisfies the most limiting of the prescribed operating criteria for a specified system configuration to ensure operation within acceptable reliability criteria. System Operating Limits are based upon certain operating criteria. These include, but are not limited to: Facility Ratings (Applicable pre- and post-Contingency equipment or facility ratings) Transient Stability Ratings (Applicable pre- and post-Contingency Stability Limits) Voltage Stability Ratings (Applicable pre- and post-Contingency Voltage Stability)
System Voltage Limits (Applicable pre- and post-Contingency Voltage Limits) What is the maximum power angle degree in the power transfer equation? Greater than this will cause system instability. - ✔✔90 Degrees What three elements make up impedance in an alternating current power system - ✔✔Capacitance inductance and resistance Which elements make up power - ✔✔current impedance and voltage Steady state stability - ✔✔when the system parameters monitored by the reliability coordinators, transmission operators and balancing authorities such as voltages, frequency and power flows may be changing but the changes are small and occur gradually Transient stability - ✔✔Transient stability describes the ability of the power system where a sudden large change takes place within the system without violating system operating limits. This could be the loss of a major generator or a severe system fault Generators as the source of real and reactive power are the stabilizing force in the power system Power angle across a section of the system is ... - ✔✔ 20 degrees What happens if a transmission line outage occurs - ✔✔MW flows increase on the existing transmission lines still in service As Amps increase MVAR losses as a result of existing inductive reactance - ✔✔Increases Transient instability - ✔✔power angle greater than 90 degrees from power transfer, when a disturbance causes power angle greater than 90 degrees or when heavy power transfers to one or more transmission segments such as a loss in generation
What conditions cause transient instability in the power system? - ✔✔Power angle increases to 90 degrees, when a disturbance causes momentary power angle excursions greater than 90 degrees and when heavy power transfers occur in the system such as when there is a loss in generation the reliability coordinators and balancing authorities may use to manage transmission outages? - ✔✔coordinate and adhere to voltage schedules to minimize reactive power flow, optimize the use of load tap changer transformers, capacitors and reactors and verify voltage control equipment are on automatic to supply the required voltage support A is the value that satisfies the most limiting of the prescribed operating criteria for a specified system configuration to ensure operation within acceptable reliability criteria - ✔✔System operating limits When a large generator on an interconnection trips off line the of the interconnection
. - ✔✔Frequency; drops Generating ratings specify the and at which they can operate safely. - ✔✔Voltage; frequency Setting appropriate voltage levels to withstand various contingencies - ✔✔one of the criteria for determining the system operating limit During clear calm weather conditions and with the system moderately loaded you receive an alarm that a major transmission line has tripped. What are two reasons that may be the cause of the problem? - ✔✔Sabotage and equipment failure Operating personnel must have procedures for the recognition of and for sabotage events on its facilities and multi site sabotage affecting larger portions of the interconnection - ✔✔making their operating personnel aware of nerc standard cip- 001 is applicable to which of the following entities - ✔✔reliability coordinators, balancing authorities, transmission operators, generator operators and load serving entities
Nerc requires each reliability coordinator, balancing authority, transmission operator, generator operator and load serving entity shall have procedures for the recognition of and making aware of sabotage events on its facilities and multi-site sabotage affecting larger portions of the interconnection - ✔✔Their operating personnel Sabotage events are often difficult to identify therefore entities are required to have available for operating personnel - ✔✔procedures Disturbance events that are suspected to be caused by sabotage shall be reported to. - ✔✔appropriate systems, governmental agencies and regulatory bodies In the event of sabotage on the transmission or generation system it is highly likely that the procedure developed for CIP- 001 will include the disturbance reporting procedure your organization has developed in response to NERC standard category. - ✔✔EOP In the event of sabotage notifications to government agencies, regulatory bodies and other appropriate agencies etc shall be the responsibility of - ✔✔the reliability coordinators, balancing authorities, transmission operators or load servicing entities Guy wires cut on transmission towers on two separate lines at about the same time would be considered an act of - ✔✔sabotage The one word that is used to distinguish the difference between vandalism and sabotage is - ✔✔intent On a mild spring day, a transmission line trips. The line then trips again when energized. Which is the least likely to be the problem; sabotage, equipment failure, overload or vandalism - ✔✔overload A transmission operator receives a report from a line crew of damage to insulator strings on a key 345 kv transmission line. There is currently an outage. The crew foreman believes the damage was caused by gunshots. What actions would NERC require from the transmission operator? - ✔✔None, NERC does not have requirements regarding vandalism.
- Comply with the NERCnet security policies standards and guidelines as well as any procedures specified by the data owner
- prevent unauthorized disclosure of the data
- report security exposures, misuse, or non compliance situations via reliability coordinator information system or the NERC telecommunications manager
- protect the confidentiality of all user IDs and passwords
- Maintain the data they own
- Maintain documentation identifying the users who are granted access to NERCnet data or applications
- authorize users within their organizations to access NERCnet data and applications
- advise staff on NERCnet security policy
- ensure that all NERCnet users understand their obligation to protect assets
- conduct self assessments for compliance User accountability and compliance - ✔✔All users of NERCnet shall be familiar and ensure compliance with the policies in the NERCnet security policy. Violations of the NERCnet security policy shall include but not be limited to any act that:
- exposes NERC or any user of NERCnet to actual or potential monetary loss through the compromise of data security or damage
- Involves the disclosure of trade secrets, intellectual property, confidential information or the unauthorized use of data involves the use of data for illicit purposes, which may include violation of any law regulation or reporting requirement of any law enforcement or government body Com- 002 - ✔✔Purpose: the purpose of the standard on communication is to ensure balancing authorities transmission operators and generator operators have adequate communications and that these communication capabilities are staffed and available for addressing real time emergency conditions. It is also intended to ensure effective communications by operating personnel Com- 002 standard - ✔✔The standard requires each transmission operator, balancing authority, and generator operator to have communications with the appropriate reliability coordinators, balancing authority and transmission operators. These communications include both voice and data links. The voice and data links must me staffed 24/7 for addressing real time emergency conditions Three basic types of communication media used to carry signals - ✔✔Wire cable, electromagnetic waves and fiber optic cable If the balancing authority is unable to purchase capacity or energy to meet its demand and reserve requirements on a day ahead or hour by hour basis the reliability of the interconnection may be in
- ✔✔jeopardy. Notify other balancing authorities and transmission operators that may be affected allows them to prepare for possible problems allowing for preparation EOP- 002 Energy Emergency alerts and attachments - ✔✔Energy emergency alerts attachment, balancing authorities or other market participants that can offer assistance are required to contact the deficient entity immediately Each reliability coordinator, transmission operator and balancing authority shall provide adequate and reliable telecommunications facilities internally and with which of the following - ✔✔other reliability coordinators, transmission operators and balancing authorities
inter regional security network reliability coordinator information system transmission loading data market information system - ✔✔Inter regional security network and reliability coordinator information system PER- 001 - ✔✔transmission operator and balancing authority operating personnel must have the responsibility and authority to implement real time actions to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the bulk electric system PER-001 standard - ✔✔reflects how important it is for real time operating personnel to know they have the authority to take appropriate actions to ensure reliability of the interconnection without waiting for permission and requires each operator and balancing authority to implement real time actions to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the bulk electric system NErc standard per - 001 titled operating personnel responsibility and authority is applicable to which of the following entities? - ✔✔Transmission operator and balancing authority The is the entity that integrates resource plans ahead of time, maintains load interchange generation balance within a balancing authority area and supports interconnection frequency in real time - ✔✔Balancing authority Who must transmission operator or balancing authority operating personnel obtain permission from before shedding firm load to prevent or alleviate a system operating limit or interconnection reliability operating limit violation? - ✔✔No one NERC standard per 003 requires that transmission operators balancing authorities and reliability coordinators who fill a real time operating position are - ✔✔certified Certification of operating personnel is necessary to ensure competencies for operating a reliable bulk electric system - ✔✔minimum Nerc standard PER 004 is applicable to which of the following entities? - ✔✔reliability coordinator
It is important that the reliability coordinator manages and monitors reliability criteria such as SOLs and IROLs. Real time monitoring can only be done if the best available information is available
- ✔✔at all times which positions are required to be trained in emergency operation and specific reliability tasks? - ✔✔System operators performing real time task on the interconnected bulk electric system Each reliability coordinator, balancing authority and transmission operator shall verify each of its system operators for capability to perform reliability related tasks. - ✔✔True Each reliability coordinator transmission operator and balancing authority with operational authority or control shall provide its system operators with emergency operations training at least per year - ✔✔ 32 hours PTDF - ✔✔Power transfer distribution factor OTDF - ✔✔outage transfer distribution factor GSF - ✔✔Generation shift factors System operators must take action when congestion or overloading on transmission lines causes what type of conditions? - ✔✔Transmission lines exceed their system operating limits Power transfer distribution factors help system operators - ✔✔determine which interchange transactions may be affecting a constrained path Which type of tools use line outage distribution factors to predict the loading on transmission elements in the event of a transmission line outage? - ✔✔Contingency analysis tools How does a positive generation shift factor affect line loading? - ✔✔When a generator with a positive shift factor increases its output, it contributes to loading on the transmission line
