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NCERT All examples class 11 and 12, Schemes and Mind Maps of Medical Sciences

Indian Institute of ScienceMedical Sciences

PHYSICS, Chemistry and Biology Exampler for NEET Aspirants fully NCERT SYLLABUS,

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2022/2023

Available from 04/17/2023

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Examples
1)
Asexual Reproduction i. Binary Fission : Amoeba
ii. Budding : Yeast
iii. Cell Division : Protists and Monerans
2)
Asexual Reproduction Structures i. Zoospores : Chlamydomonas
ii. Conidia : Penicillium
iii. Buds : Hydra
iv. Gemmules : Sponge
3)
Vegetative Propagules in Angiosperms i. Eyes :Potato
ii. Rhizome : Ginger, Banana
iii. Bulbil : Agave
iv. Leaf buds : Bryophyllum
v. Offset : Water Hyacinth
4)
Oestrus Cycle Tiger, cows, sheep, rats, deers, dogs
5)
Menstrual Cycle Monkeys, apes and humans
6)
Monoecious Plants (Bisexual plants) Cucurbits and coconut, Chara
7)
Dioecious Plants (Unisexual Plants) Papaya and date palm, Marchantia
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Download NCERT All examples class 11 and 12 and more Schemes and Mind Maps Medical Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!

  1. Asexual Reproduction i. Binary Fission : Amoeba ii. Budding : Yeast iii. Cell Division : Protists and Monerans
  2. Asexual Reproduction Structures i. Zoospores : Chlamydomonas ii. Conidia : Penicillium iii. Buds : Hydra iv. Gemmules : Sponge
  3. Vegetative Propagules in Angiosperms i. Eyes : Potato ii. Rhizome : Ginger, Banana iii. Bulbil : Agave iv. Leaf buds : Bryophyllum v. Offset : Water Hyacinth
  4. Oestrus Cycle Tiger, cows, sheep, rats, deers, dogs
  5. Menstrual Cycle Monkeys, apes and humans
  6. Monoecious Plants (Bisexual plants) Cucurbits and coconut, Chara
  7. Dioecious Plants (Unisexual Plants) Papaya and date palm, Marchantia
  1. Bisexual animals (Hermaphrodite) Earthworm, sponge, tapeworm and leech
  2. Unisexual animals Cockroach
  3. Parthenogenesis Rotifers, honeybees, some lizards, birds (Turkey)
  4. External fertilization Most aquatic organisms – Majority of algae and fishes as well as amphibians
  5. Internal fertilization i. Many terrestrial organisms – Belonging to fungi ii. Higher animals (reptiles, birds, mammals) iii. Majority of plants – Bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms)
  6. Multicarpellary, Syncarpous pistil Papaver
  7. Multicarpellary, Apocarpus gynoecium Michelia
  8. Presence of one ovule in an ovary Wheat, Paddy, Mango
  9. Presence of many ovules in an ovary Papaya, Watermelon, Orchids

22) Persistent Endosperm Castor and coconut

23) Albuminous seed Wheat, maize, barley, castor, sunflower

24) Non-Albuminous seed Pea and groundnut

25) True fruits Most of the fruits

26) False fruits Apple, strawberry, cashew

27) Parthenocarpic fruits Banana

28) Apomixis Asteraceae and grasses

29) Polyembryony Citrus fruits

30) Hormones released during pregnancy § hCG, hPL, Estrogens, Progestogens (by

placenta)

§ Relaxin (by ovary)

§ During pregnancy levels of estrogens,

progestrogens, cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine are

also increased in maternal blood

31) Natural methods of contraception § Periodic abstinence

§ Withdrawal or coitus interrupts

§ Lactational amenorrhea

32) Barrier methods of contraception § Condoms, Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults

33) IUDs § Non-medicated IUDs – Lippes loop

§ Copper releasing IUDs – CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375

§ Hormone releasing IUDs – Progestasert and LNG- 20

34) Incomplete Dominance Dog flower (snapdragon or Antirrhinum species)

35) Co-dominance ABO blood grouping

36) Multiple Allelism ABO blood grouping

37) Pleiotropy Phenylketonuria

46) Analogous structures (Convergent

evolution)

§ Wings of butterfly and birds

§ Eye of octopus and mammals

§ Flippers of penguins and dolphins

47) Root modification Sweet potato

48) Stem modification Potato

49) Adaptive radiation § Darwin finches

§ Australian Marsupial

50) Placental mammals Mole, anteater, mouse, lemur, flying squirrel,

bobcat, wolf

51) Australian mammals Marsupial mole, numbat(anteater), marsupial

mouse, spotted cuscus, flying phalanger, Tasmanian

tiger cat, Tasmanian wolf

52) Passive Immunity Colostrum, Injection in case of snake bites

53) Primary lymphoid organs Bone marrow, and thymus

54) Secondary lymphoid organs Spleen lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches

of small intestine and appendix

55) Fresh water fish Catla, Rohu, and Common carp

56) Marine fishes Hilsa, sardines, Mackerel and Pomfrets

57) Semi-dwarf varieties of wheat Sonalika and Kalyan Sona

58) Semi-dwarf varieties of rice Jaya and Ratna

59) Diseases caused by fungi Brown rust of wheat, red rot of sugarcane, late blight

of potato

60) Diseases caused by bacteria Black rot od crucifers

61) Diseases caused by viruses Tobacco mosaic and turnip mosaic

62) Free living nitrogen fixing bacteria Azospirillum, Azotobacter

63) Cyanobacteria as Nitrogen fixers Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria

64) Symbiotic Nitrogen fixing Bacteria Rhizobium

70) Mutualism § Lichens – mutualistic relationship between a

fungus and a photosynthesizing algae or

cyanobacteria

§ Mycorrhizae – association between fungi

and roots of higher plants

§ Pollination (zoophily, entomophily)

§ Between fig tree and wasp

71) Gaseous nutrient cycle Nitrogen, carbon cycle

72) Sedimentary cycle Sulphur and phosphorus cycle

73) Plants with Hallucinogenic properties Erythroxylum coca, Atropa belladonna and

Datura

74) Symbiotic Nitrogen fixing bacteria Rhizobium

75) Free living Nitrogen fixing bacteria Azospirillum and Azotobacter

76) Cyanobacteria as nitrogen fixer Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria

77) Competition Between superior barnacle Balanus and

smaller barnacle

78) In situ conservation Biosphere reserve, national parks, wildlife

sanctuaries

79) Ex situ conservation Zoological parks, botanical gardens and

wildlife safari parks

  1. Isogamous reproduction § Flagellated and similar in size : Ulothrix § Non-flagellated (non-motile) but similar in size : Spirogyra
  2. Anisogamous reproduction Eudorina
  3. Oogamous reproduction Volvox, Fucus
  4. Marine algae used as food Porphyra, Laminaria and Sargassum
  5. Algae producing hydrocolloids (water holding substance) Algin (brown algae) and carrageen (red algae)
  6. Unicellular algae rich in protein used as food supplement by space travellers Clorella
  7. Chlorophyceae Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulothrix, Spirogyra and Chara
  8. Phaeophyceae Ectocarpus, Dicyota, Laminaria, Sargassum and Fucus
  9. Rhodophyceae Polysiphonia, Poryphyra, Gracilaria and Gelidium
  1. Liverworts (Bryophytes) Marchantia
  2. Mosses (Bryophytes) Funaria, Polytrichum and Sphagnum
  3. Pteridophyte Classes § Psilopsida : Psilotum § Lycopodium : Selaginella, Lycopodium § Sphenopsida : Equisetum § Pteropsida : Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum
  4. Pteridophytes having microphylls Selaginella
  5. Pteridophytes having macrophylls Ferns
  6. Pteridophytes having strobily or cones Selaginella, Equisetum
  7. Heterosporous Pteridophytes Selaginella and Salvinia
  8. Unbranched stem Cycas

40) Phylum – Coelenterata

(Cnidaria)

Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war), Adamsia (Sea anemone),

Pennatula (Sea-pen), Gorgonia (Sea-fan) and Meandrina

(Brain coral)

41) Phylum – Ctenophora Pleurobrachia and Ctenoplana

42) Phylum – Platyhelminthes Taenia (Tapeworm), Fasciola (Liver fluke)

43) Phylum – Aschelminthes Ascaria (Roundworm), Wuchereria (Filaria worm),

Ancylostoma (Hookworm)

44) Phylum – Annelida Nereis, Pheretima (Earthworm), and Hirudinaria (Blood

sucking leech)

45) Phylum – Arthropoda § Economically important insects – Apis (Honeybee),

Bombyx (Silkworm), Laccifer (Lac insect)

§ Vectors – Anopheles, Culex and Aedes(mosquitoes)

§ Gregarious pest – Locusta (Locust)

§ Living fossils – Limulus (King crab)

46) Phylum – Mollusca Pila (Apple snail), Pinctada (Pearl oyster), Sepia (cuttlefish), Loligo

(Squid), Octopus (Devil fish), Aplysia (Sea-hare), Dentalium (Tusk

shell) and Chaetopleura (Chiton)

47) Phylum – Echinodermata Asteria (Star fish), Echinus (sea urchin), Antedon (Sealily),

Cucumaria (sea cucumber) amd Ophiura (Brittle star)

48) Phylum – Hemichordata Balanoglossus and Saccoglossus

49) Urochordata Ascidia, Salpa, Doliolum

50) Cephalochordata Branchiostoma, Amphioxus or Lancelet

51) Cyclostomata Petromyzon (Lamprey), Myxine (Hagfish)

52) Chondrichthyes Scoliodon (Dog fish), Pristis (Saw fish), Carcharodon (Great white

shark), Trygon (Sting ray)

53) Osteichthyes § Marine : Exocoetus (Flying fish), Hippocampus (Sea horse)

§ Fresh water : Labeo (Rohu), Catla (Katla), Clarias (Magur)

§ Aquarium : Betta (Fighting fish), Pterophyllum (Angel fish)

  1. Fibrous root system Monocotyledonous plants
  2. Adventitious root system Grass, Monstera and the banyan tree
  3. Prop roots Banyan tree
  4. Stilt roots Maize, sugarcane
  5. Pneumatophores Rhizophora
  6. Modified stem Potato, ginger, turmeric, zaminkand, Colocasia,
  7. Modified root Sweet potato
  8. Pinnately compound leaf Neem
  9. Palmately compound leaf Silk cotton
  10. Alternate phyllotaxy China rose, mustard and sunflower plants
  11. Opposite phyllotaxy Calotropis and guava plants
  12. Whorled phyllotaxy Alstonia
  1. Actinomorphic Mustard, datura, chili
  2. Zygomorphic Pea, gulmohur, bean, Cassia
  3. Hypogynous flower, superior ovary Mustard, china rose, brinjal
  4. Perigynous flower, half inferior ovary Plum, rose, peach
  5. Epigynous flower, inferior ovary Guava and cucumber
  6. Valvate aestivation Calotropis
  7. Twisted aestivation China rose, lady’s finger and cotton
  8. Imbricate aestivation Cassia and gulmohur
  9. Vexillary aestivation Pea and bean flowers
  10. Monoadelphous androecium China rose
  11. Diadelphous androecium Pea
  12. Polyadelphous androecium Citrus