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NCE Practice Test 2025 Questions and Answers
1. a group counselor uses techniques based on implosive therapy in her work. which theorist is responsible for implosive therapy? a. ellis b. beck c. janov d. stampfl ✔✔✔ d. stampfl - abreactive form of therapy often used with highly phobic clients. clients are induced to read or hear about or imagine frightening depictions of what might happen if they are forced to face their fear. idea is that the person will become desensitized 2. a group counselor decides to make graphs of the psychological test data for all of her clients over the past year. when she plots the distribution of beck depression inventory data, she notices it it skewed to the left. which of the following statements is true if a distribution is skewed to the left? a. the mean is greater than the median b. the mean is less than the median c. the mean and median are the same d. the mode is the best measure of center ✔✔✔ b. the mean is less than the median
- it means that although most of the scores are to the right of the distribution, there are a few low scores pulling the distribution to the left. the mean is most impacted by the extreme scores. Because the extreme scores in this dist. are
low, the value of the mean will be made less than the value of the median
3. Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie builds a four-block tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the tower on her own is known as ✔✔✔ a. scaffolding b. the zone of proximal development c. assisted discovery d. learning by imitation ✔✔✔ B. "Scaffolding" is a term used by Vygotsky that explains what Susie's mother is doing. She is adjusting her level of support to Susie based on Susie's level of performance. The zone of proximal development involves a range of tasks that are too difficult for the child to do alone but possible to do with the help of adults or other, more-skilled children.
trust; for initiative, the individual would have to have failed to attain autonomy; and for integrity, the individual would have to have failed to attain generativity.
5. Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of personality development? a. Oral, genital, latency, anal, phallic b. Genital, anal, phallic, oral, latency c. Latency, phallic, oral, anal, genital d. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital ✔✔✔ D. The best way to remember Freud's psychosexual stages of development is to think about what key tasks individuals do throughout childhood. The first thing infants do is suck (oral). Next, babies begin toilet training (anal), then discover the difference between boys and girls (phallic). Next, children spend time growing physically and cognitively but are latent in the psychosexual realm (not focusing on anything sexual); finally, puberty sets in and they begin to think about sex again and are focused on their own genitals.
6. Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks why, his father responds, "Because I said so." The father's response is most representative of which parenting style? a. Uninvolved b. Authoritarian c. Authoritative d. Permissive ✔✔✔ B. The authoritarian parenting style uses coercive techniques and psychological control to discipline children, whereas the authoritative parenting style emphasizes some control but allows for some independence. The uninvolved parenting style rarely uses any control and the parent seems to be indifferent to the child's level of independence. In the permissive parenting style, the parents are typically overindulgent with the child. They exert very little control and are lenient when it comes to granting independence to the child. 7. Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate mothers" to investigate which factors are important in early development and attach- ment. According to his findings, baby monkeys ✔✔✔ a. preferred a soft terrycloth "mother" to a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle
behaving in ways that may suggest that she is contemplating it. It is best practice to assess for suicidality at each session with your clients. Suicide knows no age boundaries. Females attempt suicide at a rate three times higher than males, but males are successful more often, usually because they use more lethal methods than females.
9. Cody does what his parents say because he doesn't want to lose his television privileges. This is an example of what level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development? a. Integrity versus despair b. Preconventional c. Conventional d. Postconventional ✔✔✔ B. Integrity versus despair is one of the stages in Erickson's psychosocial developmental theory. Kohlberg postulated that in the first level, pre- conventional, individuals are concerned with consequences imposed upon them for wrongdoing. Thus, in the example, Cody wanted to avoid being punished by having his television privileges taken away. At the conventional level, an individual wants to conform to societal rules so that authority rules and order is maintained. At the postconventional level, individuals define morality in terms of universal values and altruism.
10. Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack finds this game fun because he has acquired , which is one of the primary tasks of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. a. conservation b. dual representation c. object permanence d. reversibility ✔✔✔ C. Piaget proposed that there are four stages of cognitive devel- opment. The first stage is the sensorimotor stage, whereby the infant or toddler recognizes that even though something is out of sight, it still exists. Piaget's second stage of cognitive de- velopment is the preoperational stage (early childhood years) in which children begin to recognize that something can be an object as well as a symbol (dual representation). The third stage of cognitive development according to Piaget is called the concrete operational stage, during which children 6 to 11 years old develop the capacity of both conservation (object permanence, or the understanding that physical characteristics of objects remain the same even if the appearance is different) and reversibility (the ability to think through a series of steps and then to reverse the process mentally).
ment. His ego integrity stage involves older adults who review their lives, looking at successes and regrets.
13. When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in aggression than boys. a. hostile b. instrumental c. relational d. physical ✔✔✔ C. Instrumental aggression occurs when a child wants a toy that another child has and he tries to get that toy by pushing or attacking the other child in some way. Hostile aggression occurs when a child intentionally hurts another child because he wants to hurt the other child. Physical aggression occurs more often in boys than in girls and is any form of harm or physical injury such as pushing, hitting, biting, or kicking. Relational aggression more often occurs in girls and involves the use of social exclusion, malicious gossip, or peer manipulation in order to damage another person's peer relationships.
14. All of the following are physical characteristics of Down Syndrome EX- CEPT ✔✔✔ a. short, stocky build b. almond-shaped eyes c. large hands and feet d. flattened face ✔✔✔ C. The chromosomal abnormality, Down Syndrome, is the most common chromosomal disorder, occurring in 1 out of every 800 births. Individuals with Down Syndrome suffer from mental retardation, memory and speech problems, and slow motor develop- ment. They usually have some heart deformities, as well as being of short and stocky build. They have almond-shaped eyes, a flattened face, a protruding tongue, and an unusual crease running across the palm of the hand. 15. Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familial influences on self-esteem? a. Chinese and Japanese children have higher self-esteem than North Amer- ican children, mainly because their cultures have higher academic standards for achieve- ment. b. Boys tend to have lower self-esteem than girls. c. African American children tend to have lower self-esteem than Caucasian children. d. An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have
theorist would this counselor be MOST likely to agree with? ✔✔✔ Bronfenbrenner
- he is considered a cultural context theorist and believes that cultureis very important in developmetn and is one of the distiguishing features of humans. note the question only asks for a DEVELOPMENTAL theorist even though it is in a career counseling setting. bronfenbrenner is not a career theorist.
- you are working as a group counselor. you prefer a laissez-faire lead- ership style. after a few sessions, the group starts exhibiting tension and dissent. what should you do? ✔✔✔ Become more directive. although a laissez-faire leader might prefer the group to work out the problems themselves, tension and dissent would require the leader to take on a more directive role in order to manage the overall group process
- you are working as a family therapist and are referred a new family as a client. the family includes two parents, two sons, and one daughter. when the referal is made you learn that incest between the father and daughter is the primary issue for this family. whom should you include in therapy ✔✔✔ the mother, father, and all three children
- often, counselors refer to erikson's eight stages of psychosocial devel- opmentwhen considering the developmental progress of clients. which of the following describes the frame of erikson's model? ✔✔✔ the eight stages occur throughout a persons life span
21. program evaluations are used in most large educational, governmental, and social programs. which statement best explains why program evalua- tions are necessary? a. prog evals are the only method available for accurately assessing prog effectiveness b. prog evals make more sense to the general public than confusing statis- tical data c. without prog evals, programs cannot meet their goals d. prog evals help maintain accountability standards ✔✔✔ d. prog evals help main- tain accountability standards
- a career counseling client reports that he performs best at work in the presence of other people. when he is alone he doesnt perform as well. what is he experiencing? ✔✔✔ social facilitation
- you are seeing a family in counseling for the first time. it comes to your attention that there is a history of mental disorders in the family. you dtermine that you need to take a family history. what should you do? ✔✔✔ schedule a session as early as possible for taking a family history
a. counseling b. psychotherapy c. personal growth d. self-help ✔✔✔ psychotherapy group
28. a counselor believes that both biology and environment are important in determining a persons development and functioning. the counselor believes that culture and environment act togetherwith each other to impact the individual. the counselor would most likely agree with the views of which of the following theorists? a. environmental learning theory b. biological maturational theory c. interactional theory d. cultural context theory ✔✔✔ Interactional theory. the key words are "acts together" 29. one group member remarks to anther group member "I enjoyed watching you interact today. you taught me a lot of great techniques." this is an example of a. hope b. information
c. universality d. imitation ✔✔✔ information. the group member has only received information from the other group member, it would be imitation only if the one member actually performs the techniques
- a career counselor gives all of her new clients a measure of career maturity that scores people on a 100 point scale from 1-100. after collecting data on over 100 clients, she notices that the scores are normally distributed. the mean score is 65, indicating a level of moderate career maturity. the standard deviation of scores is 10. based on this information, she would expect that 68% of scores would be between ✔✔✔✔✔✔ 55 and
- 68% of scores will be one SD above and one SD below
- during which of piagets stages would a child be most likely to master the skill of conservation? ✔✔✔ concrete operations stage. conservation refers to the realization that the quantity of something does not change if its form changes and nothing has been added or removed
- a counselor in a social services agency learns that one of her collegues (who is not a certified counselor) is behaving unethically. the counselor should ✔✔✔ according to the NBCC code of ethics, the certified counselor must take action tp attempt to rectify this condition
- as a counselor you see assessments results reported in terms of both percentile ranks and Z scores. what do these two methods of score inter-
When gays and lesbians become parents, they generally are just as effective and caring as are heterosexual couples who become parents.
36. Research on gay and lesbian parents indicates ✔✔✔ a. Their children are maladjusted. b. They are as dedicated to and effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents. c. They are less dedicated to child rearing than heterosexual parents. d. Their children are parented harshly and inconsistently. ✔✔✔ ... 37. In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more likely to disobey under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when. a. the victim was in an adjoining room so the "teacher" heard every sound the victim made b. two experimenters had conflicting demands about the continuation of the experiment c. the person ordering them to continue was an ordinary man, apparently another volunteer d. the subject worked with peers who refused to go further in the procedure- ✔✔✔ A. You can consider this logically. If you could hear another person crying or in distress,
you would want to stop what you were doing in order to get the person to stop crying. Although having conflicting information being given to you would probably get you to think twice about it, you would not discontinue what you were doing. You would be confused. Milgram's team found that having someone who looked like an "authority" figure had an influence, but the opposite was not found to lead to disobedience. Subjects con- tinued "teaching" in the "authority" and "nonauthority" situations.
38. In the Stanford prison simulation, male college students agreed to par- ticipate in an experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that. a. within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, with accompanying emotional and physical ailments
