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NCE Practice Test 2025 Questions and Answers
1. 1. Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie builds a four-block tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the tower on her own is known as ✔✔✔ The zone of proximal development (this is a range of tasks that are too difficult for children to do alone, but possible with help) 2. According to Erickson, when an individual fails to develop a strong sense of identity, the individual will have troubles with the development of ✔✔✔ Intimacy (individuals who fail to attain a lower level of development will fail to attain the next higher level). 3. Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of personality development ✔✔✔ Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital 4. Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks why, his father responds,
"Because I said so." The father's response is most representative of which parenting style ✔✔✔ Authoritarian (uses coercion and psychological control to disci- pline children)
5. Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate mothers" to investigate which factors are important in early development and attach- ment. According to his findings, baby monkeys ✔✔✔ Preferred a soft terry cloth mother to a wire mesh mother than holds a bottle.
- Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States ✔✔✔ Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge. 7. Cody does what his parents say because he doesn't want to lose his television privileges. This is an example of what level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?- : Preconventional (the individual is most concerned with consequences) 8. Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack finds this game fun because he has acquired , which is one of the primary tasks of the
- The theorist associated with bonding and attachment is ✔✔✔ Bowlby 10. Henry, a 72-year-old widower, reminisces with his daughter about his life. He talks about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erikson's ✔✔✔ Ego integrity stage 11. When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in aggression than boys ✔✔✔ Relational
- All of the following are physical characteristics of Down Syndrome EX- CEPT ✔✔✔ Large hands and feet 13. Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familial influences on self-esteem ✔✔✔ An authoritative parenting style usually allows chil- dren to have especially high self-esteem
- Research on gay and lesbian couples: They are as dedicated to and as effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents.
- In the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat the prison- ers harshly ✔✔✔ It was the social context that determined the behaviors of both the guards and the prisoners. In the Stanford prison study, the setting was so realistic that the partici- pants became guards and prisoners. Their personal identities were masked by the context of being in a prison as either a guard or a prisoner 16. In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more likely to disobey under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when ✔✔✔ the victim was in an adjoining room so the "teacher" heard every sound the victim made 17. In the Stanford prison simulation, male college students agreed to par- ticipate in an experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that ✔✔✔ The individuals who played one role or another really took on their role. It did not matter how the guards treated them or acted toward them, the fact that they became like "real"
key finding. Individuals who played guards took on behaviors of "real" guards; and individuals who played prisoners took on behaviors of "real" prisoners.
- In what ways do stereotypes distort reality ✔✔✔ Stereotypes distort one's ideas about how one group is so different from another group. In reality, the differences between groups are not as extreme as stereotypes make them out to be. 19. Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening at home with her parents or spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does not like either of these choices. This situation describes an ✔✔✔ Since Jennifer doesn't like either of the choices, this would be an avoidance-avoidance conflict. It is simply picking between the lesser of two evils. 20. Connie tells each of her clients that the best way she can help them is to attempt to look at the world from the client's point of view. This counselor is taking the perspective: Emic (this view considers that culture matters)
- Working with individuals from different cultures requires that the coun- selor ✔✔✔ Have sensitivity and knowledge about other cultures. 22. A high standard of counseling practice when working with diverse
pop- ulations involves all of the following EXCEPT ✔✔✔ Treating all clients the same way
- When working with individuals from different cultures, the effective coun- selor may NOT ✔✔✔ Maintain good eye contact at all times. 24. Murray is a bright student, but he procrastinates. He puts off writing term papers and gets incompletes, which eventually become Fs. Murray's therapist helps him establish small, specific goals rather than vague, long-range goals. The therapist also asks Murray to keep a diary of how he is spending his time when he is avoiding his studies. The method used to help Murray deal with his problem is therapy ✔✔✔ Behavioral
32. 32. In therapy, the therapist uses logical arguments to chal- lenge a client's unrealistic beliefs or expectations ✔✔✔ REBT 33. Systematic desensizitation and flooding are techniques: - Behavioral
- Which of the following types of therapists would be most likely to use free association and transference ✔✔✔ Psychodynamic therapists 35. 35. is a humanist approach that emphasizes the tragic aspects of life, the burden of responsibility, and the need to face the inevitability of death ✔✔✔ Existentialism 36. According to Carl Rogers, is love and support given to another with no strings attached ✔✔✔ Unconditional positive regard
- Which of the following pairs of personality theorists and perspectives is INCORRECT ✔✔✔ Carl Jung; genetic
38. Which of the following terms is associated with transactional analysis?- : Complementary transactions
- Which one of the following does NOT belong with the other three ✔✔✔ Glass- er 40. The withdrawal of reinforcement until the conditioned response no longer occurs is known as ✔✔✔ Extinction
- Freud is to ego, id, and superego as is to parent, adult, and child ✔✔✔ Berne 42. Developed by Luft and Ingham, asserts that there are four parts to the personality: the public self, the blind self, the private self, and the unknown self ✔✔✔ The Johari Window 43. In which is the focus on the meaning of life and the relevance of the individual experience ✔✔✔ Existential counseling 44. Popular techniques of this approach are role playing, "empty chair," and "making the rounds.": Gestalt 45. Popular techniques of this approach are examination of client's
50. A dog that has been trained to stop and stand at attention when she hears a duck call does not stop and stand at attention when she hears a goose call. This is an example of ✔✔✔ Stimulus discrimination
- The disadvantage of closed-ended questions is that the client usually fails to ✔✔✔ disclose personal information and continue to dialogue with the counselor 52. Rational-emotive behavior therapy follows a five-step system using ABCDE, where D stands for ✔✔✔ Disputing the irrational belief 53. The goals of this type of therapy include gaining knowledge about the self and recognizing and integrating the self ✔✔✔ Jungian 54. In order to elicit a conditioned response, the neutral stimulus that will become the conditioned stimulus must the unconditioned stimulus.- : Precede 55. In contrast to feeling sorry for the client, the counselor needs to demon- strate toward the client ✔✔✔ Empathy
56. In order to facilitate growth in a client, the counselor uses all of the following strategies EXCEPT ✔✔✔ Abandonment
- A(n) schedule of reinforcement is the most difficult to extinguish ✔✔✔ Intermittent 58. The primary distinction between reinforcement and punishment is that reinforcement the likelihood of the behavior to occur again, while punishment the likelihood of the behavior to occur again ✔✔✔ Increases; decreases 59. 59. Negative reinforcement the behavior by a reinforcer; positive reinforcement the behavior by a reinforcer ✔✔✔ increases, taking away; increases, adding 60. There are long silences, several members of the group are acting out, and it seems like all the group members are expressing frustrations with both the structure of
There is good cohesion
- In contrast to a homogeneous group, a heterogeneous group ✔✔✔ Has mem- bers with greater awareness of themselves and others
- All of the following are assumptions of groups EXCEPT ✔✔✔ The leader is a member of the group
- During the working stage of the group, the leader's role is to ✔✔✔ provide reinforcement, link themes, support risks, and encouraging translating insight into action. 69. The emphasis for this type of group is on prevention and development of healthy behaviors ✔✔✔ Primary 70. There is a distinction between group content and group process. An example of group process would be ✔✔✔ Sarah monopolizes the conversation and doesn't allow others to contribute, and Joe rolls his eyes every time Sarah says something (these are behaviors that go beyond just words)
71. Greg seems to make light of everything that goes on in the group. If someone is late, for example, he makes a humorous remark about calling for a search party. Greg would be described as the of the group ✔✔✔ Joker 72. A counselor is conducting the initial screening of individuals who may be included in a bereavement group. An appropriate candidate for the group would be one who ✔✔✔ Is free from the use of alcohol or other drugs 73. A group has co-leaders. That is, there are two trained counselors who are facilitating the group together. All of the following are advantages of co-leadership groups EXCEPT ✔✔✔ There is less time spent observing participants 74. The group leader points out defenses, resistances, and transferences as they occur in this type of group ✔✔✔ Psychoanalytic
- Premature termination of participation in a group usually occurs when an individual is ✔✔✔ Not very motivated
- Career-oriented, successful ethnic minority women ✔✔✔ Often display unusu- ally high self-efficacy
84. Career choices as expressions of one's personality are to as career choices as influenced by genetic endowment, environmental factors, and previous learning experiences are to ✔✔✔ Holland; Krumboltz 85. One of the main premises of theory is that individuals choose occupations that will permit them to use their competencies ✔✔✔ Super's 86. Super describes four stages of career development, beginning in adoles- cence with the stage, in which a person fantasizes and role-plays in order to clarify the emerging self-concept. In the stage the self-concept adjusts to fit the stabilized career choice and the person tries out various options ✔✔✔ Exploratory; establishment
- All of the following are assumptions of John Holland's theory of career choice EXCEPT ✔✔✔ Environment has very little to do with career choices 88. A career counselor who adheres to Holland's theory of career choice may have his
clients take the to help determine personality types ✔✔✔ SDS (self-directed search)
- Which of the following are postulates of Hoppock's theory ✔✔✔ Hoppock's theory of career choice suggests that people choose careers that meet some personal needs. As part of this theory, Hoppock postulates that everyone has personal needs and that an individual reacts to these needs when making career choices. Making career choices involves self-awareness and understanding
- Which pair seems to go together ✔✔✔ Roe and Hoppock (both believe early development is important to a person's career)
- According to Roe, career choice is influenced by ✔✔✔ Genetics, parent- child interactions, and unconscious motivators
- Gender bias would be aroused by which of the following ✔✔✔ A woman entering a male-dominated field, or a man entering a female- dominated field 93. You are a career counselor who is interested in keeping up with trends in the job market
