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National Counselor Examination tested questions with revised correct answers, a+ guarant, Exams of Sociology

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NCE National Counseling Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
1. Erikson's stages are called...โœ”โœ”โœ” psychosocial
2. Who is the only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory
which encompasses the entire life spanโœ”โœ”โœ” Erik Erikson
3. Dualistic thinking is a concept stressed by...โœ”โœ”โœ” WIlliam perry
4. Jean Piaget was what kind of psychologistโœ”โœ”โœ” child psychologist (leading
name in cognitive development in children)
5. Piaget's theory referring to the notion that a substances weight, mass
and volume remain the same even if this changes shape is called..โœ”โœ”โœ”
Conservation
6. Who is the father of american behaviorismโœ”โœ”โœ” John Watson
7. Who is the leading theorist in moral developmentโœ”โœ”โœ” Lawrence Kohlberg
8. What are Lawrence Kohlberg's levels of moral development?โœ”โœ”โœ” 3
types Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
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NCE National Counseling Exam 2025

Questions and Answers

  1. Erikson's stages are called... โœ”โœ”โœ” psychosocial
  2. Who is the only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span โœ”โœ”โœ” Erik Erikson
  3. Dualistic thinking is a concept stressed by... โœ”โœ”โœ” WIlliam perry
  4. Jean Piaget was what kind of psychologist โœ”โœ”โœ” child psychologist (leading name in cognitive development in children)
  5. Piaget's theory referring to the notion that a substances weight, mass and volume remain the same even if this changes shape is called.. โœ”โœ”โœ” Conservation
  6. Who is the father of american behaviorism โœ”โœ”โœ” John Watson
  7. Who is the leading theorist in moral development โœ”โœ”โœ” Lawrence Kohlberg
  8. What are Lawrence Kohlberg's levels of moral development? โœ”โœ”โœ” 3 types Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
  1. What is the first state of Erikson's 8 stages of development? โœ”โœ”โœ” Trust versus mistrust.
  2. What is Erikson's 8th/final stage? โœ”โœ”โœ” Integrity versus despair
  3. What is Kohlberg's highest level of morality? โœ”โœ”โœ” Postconventional morality (where the individual has self-imposed morals and ethics)
  4. What is kohlberg's 3rd stage of morality? โœ”โœ”โœ” Post Conventional
  5. The zone of proximal development was pioneered by โœ”โœ”โœ” Lev Vygotsky
  6. What is the only Freudian developmental stage which is not primarily psychosexual in nature? โœ”โœ”โœ” Latency
  7. What are kohlberg's stages of moral development? โœ”โœ”โœ” Preconventional Level 1.)punishment/obedience orientation 2.) naive hedonism conventional level 3.)good boy.good girl orienation 4.) authority, law and order orienation
  1. children in concrete operations learn best by.... โœ”โœ”โœ” their own actions and experimentation (Piaget)
  2. Piaget's preoperational stage occurs from age... โœ”โœ”โœ” 2 - 7 years old
  3. Who is most well known for having worked with Rhesus monkeys โœ”โœ”โœ” Harry Harlow
  4. Freud felt morality developed from the ... โœ”โœ”โœ” super ego
  5. Who is the 'father of guidance counseling' which is meant to help indi- viduals search for work โœ”โœ”โœ” Frank Parsons
  6. What is culture epoch theory? โœ”โœ”โœ” all culture - like children - pass through the same stages of development in terms of evolving and maturing.
  7. What is the case that resulted in the "counselor's duty to warn an intend- ed victim of violence" โœ”โœ”โœ” The Tarasoff duty/case
  8. Who is associated with the frustration-aggression theory? โœ”โœ”โœ” John Dollard and Neal Miller
  1. Who is the father of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)? โœ”โœ”โœ” Albert Ellis.
  2. Who came up with the cognitive dissonance theory? โœ”โœ”โœ” Leon Festinger
  3. what is cognitive dissonance theory? โœ”โœ”โœ” this theory predicts that a person will look for things which are consistent with their behavior. (to rationalize)
  4. what does the word 'emic' mean? โœ”โœ”โœ” an insider's perspective of culture; relating to, or involving analysis of cultural phenomena from the perspective of one who participates in the culture being studied.
  5. what does autoplastic mean? โœ”โœ”โœ” Change comes from within
  6. What is the sleeper effect? โœ”โœ”โœ” after a period of time, one forgets the commu- nicator but remembers the message - someone's opinion might change well after the conversation.
  7. describe the ego (Freudian) โœ”โœ”โœ” the executive administrator - controller of im- pulses
  8. describe the "id" โœ”โœ”โœ” a person's instincts
  9. describe the superego โœ”โœ”โœ” the conscience
  1. what is a Type II Error? โœ”โœ”โœ” when a researcher has accepted a null hypothesis (ie there is no difference between an experimental group and a group not receiving any experimental treatment) when it is false
  2. sour grapes rationalization โœ”โœ”โœ” underrating a reward or set of circumstances (I didn't want it anyways)
  3. sweet lemon rationalization โœ”โœ”โœ” over rates a reward or set up circumstances (saying how wonderful a distasteful set of circumstances really is - rationalizing)
  4. reaction formation โœ”โœ”โœ” the person acts the opposite of the way he or she actually feels
  5. in contrast with freud, the neo-Freudians emphasized โœ”โœ”โœ” social factors
  6. Eclectic counseling is most closely associated with who? โœ”โœ”โœ” Frederick C. Thorne
  7. skinner's operant conditioning is also referred to as... โœ”โœ”โœ” instrumental learn- ing
  1. EEG feedback focuses on what part of the body? โœ”โœ”โœ” brain
  2. EMG feedback focuses on what part of the body? โœ”โœ”โœ” Muscles
  3. EKG feedback focuses on what part of the body? โœ”โœ”โœ” Heart
  4. Who is associated most with trait and factor career counseling? โœ”โœ”โœ” Parsons and WIlliamson
  5. what is sublimation? โœ”โœ”โœ” when a person expresses an unacceptable need in a social acceptable manner
  6. what are Holland's six employment associations? โœ”โœ”โœ” artistic, conventional, enterprising, investigative, realistic, and social.
  7. which researches were the first to emphasize developmental factors related to occupational choice? โœ”โœ”โœ” ginzberg, Ginsburg, axelrad, and herma it happened in about 1951
  8. what is social learning? โœ”โœ”โœ” people learn not only fromm the consequences of hier own behavior but also from observing the consequences of others
  9. who coined the term "the career rainbow"? โœ”โœ”โœ” Donald Super
  1. What are John Holland's six personality/work environments? โœ”โœ”โœ” realistic(do- ing), investigative (researcher), artistic (singer), social (teacher), enterprising (busi- ness owner), conventional (secretary, clerk). Congruence between the person and job are emphasized. 54. who is associated with "self concept and developmental stage theory"?- โœ”โœ”โœ” Donald SUper
  2. Whos is associated with "early childhood needs theory approach" (Ca- reer) โœ”โœ”โœ” Anne Roe
  3. what is anne roe's 'early childhood needs thoery'? โœ”โœ”โœ” vocational choice is related to personality development at a young age. 57. who is associated with "learning theory of career counseling" LTCC? โœ”โœ”โœ” - John Krumboltz
  4. what are the three developmental stages set forth by the Ginzberg group (CAREER) โœ”โœ”โœ” 1.) 11 and under fantacy

2.) 11-17 tentative 3.) 17-early adulthood realistic.

  1. who is associated with career construction postmodern theory? โœ”โœ”โœ” Mark Savickas
  2. what are the two phases or linda gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise? โœ”โœ”โœ” phase one (circumscription)rule out certain jobs not accept- able for gender, stereotypes and social class phase two (compromise) change mind if career path is not truly realistic
  3. what are Edgar Schein's eight career anchors? Hint Gas Spelt out of Schein's car. โœ”โœ”โœ” 1. autonomy/independence
  4. security/stability
  5. technical/functional competence
  6. general managerial competence
  7. entrepreneurial creativity
  8. service/dedication to a cause
  9. pure challenge
  10. lifestyle