MIS LAB 05 PART 1 ANSWERS
1. Suppose we have a 5-bit grayscale image. What size of ordered dither matrix do we need to display
the image on a 1-bit printer?
2ˆ5=32 levels ˜= nˆ2+1 with n=6; therefore need D(6)
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Multimedia Information Systems Exercises, Exercises of Multimedia Applications
Question solutions in order to practice the subjects learned in multimedia information systems
Typology: Exercises
2022/2023
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MIS LAB 05 PART 1 ANSWERS
1. Suppose we have a 5-bit grayscale image. What size of ordered dither matrix do we need to display the image on a 1-bit printer? 2ˆ5=32 levels ˜= nˆ2+1 with n=6; therefore need D(6)
2. At your job, you have decided to impress the boss by using up more disk space for the company’s grayscale images. Instead of using 8 bits per pixel, you would like to use 48 bits per pixel in RGB. How could you store the original grayscale images so that in the new format they would appear the same as they used to, visually?
4. What is the advantage of interlaced video? What are some of its problems? Answer: Positive: Reduce flicker. (Titremeyi azaltır.) Negative: Introduces serrated edges to moving objects and flickers along horizontal edges. (Hareketli nesnelere tırtıklı kenarlar getirir ve yatay kenarlar boyunca titreşir.)
- Interlacing was invented because, when standards were being defined, it was difficult to transmit the amount of information in a full frame quickly enough to avoid flicker. The double number of fields presented to the eye reduces perceived flicker. (Taraştırma icat edildi, çünkü standartlar tanımlanırken, bilgi miktarını tam karede titremeyi önleyecek kadar hızlı iletmek zordu. Göze sunulan alanların çift sayısı, algılanan titremeyi azaltır.)
5. Assuming the bit-depth of 12 bits, 120 fps, and 4:2:2 chroma subsampling, what are the bitrates of the 4K UHDTV and 8K UHDTV videos if they are uncompressed? The scheme"4:2:2" indicates horizontal subsampling of the Cb and Cr signals by a factor of 2. That is, of four pixels horizontally labeled 0 to 3, all four Y s are sent, and every two Cbs and two Crs are sent, as (CbO, YO) (CrO, Yl) (Cb2, Y2) (Cr2, Y3) (Cb4, Y4), and so on.
7. It is known that a loss of audio output at both ends of the audible frequency range is inevitable due to the frequency response function of audio amplifier. (a) If the output was 1 volt for frequencies at mid-range, after a loss of −3dB at 18 kHz, what is the output voltage at this frequency? (b) To compensate the loss, a listener can adjust the gain (and hence the output) at different frequencies from an equalizer. If the loss remains −3dB and a gain through the equalizer is 6dB at 18 kHz, what is the output voltage now? [Hint: Assume log 10 2 = 0.3.]
8. Suppose eight characters have a distribution A:(1), B:(1), C:(1), D:(2), E:(3), F:(5), G:(5), H:(10). Draw a Huffman tree for this distribution. (Because the algorithm may group subtrees with equal probability in a different order, your answer is not strictly unique.)
10. Describe how H.261 deals with temporal and spatial redundancies in video.