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1. What is microevolution?
Microevolution is the ongoing change within a population, where heritable genetic change happens, altering function or phenotype of an organism. TERM 2
2. What is the definition of a population?
DEFINITION 2 A population is a group of a species living at the same place and time. TERM 3
3. What are the two types of phenotypic
variation? How do they differ?
DEFINITION 3 Two types of phenotypic variation.1. Qulatative: -Distinct state - Polymorphism (discrete Variation) - Example: Blood type2. Quantitative: - Falls in a range - Controlled by multiple genes TERM 4
4. What are the two factors that lead to
phenotypic variation? Which one is heritable
and why?
DEFINITION 4 Enviromental and Genetic.Genetic is heritable since it can be passed on through gametes from generation to generation. TERM 5
5. How would you design an experiment to
determine if genetics or environment is cause
the phenotypic variations?5. How would you
design an experiment to determine if genetics
or environment is cause the phenotypic
variations?
DEFINITION 5 In order to derive an experiment to identify the cause of the variation, I would take 2 groups of the organisms.One would be in the presence of the suspected enviromental factor and the other in a controlled enviroment without it. If only the group with the enviromental factor retains the phenotype then variation is caused by enviroment. Secondly, I would take two groups, one group with the phenotype and another without the phenotype. The ones with the presence of the phenotypes are only allowed to interbreed with other with the phenotype and the second group will breed randomly. a few generations down the road compare to see if genetic factor.
6. What is artificial selection?
Artificial selection is when humans pick which phenotype/gene will be kept and passed on to the next generation. Very common in agriculture. TERM 7
7. Before you can study population genetics
what do you need to know about the
population?
DEFINITION 7 The initial genetic makeup of the population. TERM 8
8. What is a gene pool?
DEFINITION 8 The sum of all alleles/genes of a population at a specific loci. TERM 9
9. What is the difference between allele
frequency and genotype frequency?
DEFINITION 9 Allele Frequency: The frequency of certain alleles in a populationGenotype Frequency: Frequency of certain genotypes in a population TERM 10
10. In diploid organisms what is the sum of
the genotype frequencies?
DEFINITION 10 p^2+2pq+q^2=
16. How would you know if a population is in
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- Identify the genetic makeup of the population,2. create a null model for the populaiton3. identify the genetic makeup of the next generation and compare to null model. TERM 17
17. What are the five Hardy-Weinberg
conditions that must be met for a population
to be in equilibrium?
DEFINITION 17
- No mutations2. Random Mating3. No Migration4. Population is indefinitely vast5. No natural seleciton TERM 18
18. Describe the five major agents that will
contribute to microevolutionary changes.
DEFINITION 18
- Mutation2. Natural Seleciton3. Sexual selection4. Gene Flow5. Genetic Drift TERM 19
19. Describe the four types of mutations?
DEFINITION 19
- Advantagous: Potisitve change, increase fitness2. Deleterious: Negative change, lower fitness3. Neutral: Neither good or bad4. Lethal: casues death TERM 20
20. How do behaviour and dispersal agents
enhance gene flow?
DEFINITION 20 Carry eggs/seed from one population to another (birds, bees, wind)
21. What are main causes for genetic drift
and how does this affect genetic variability?
Unpredictable events, tornados, earthquakes, volcanoes etc...Causes a bottlneck effect reducing population size and genetic variations. TERM 22
22. How does natural selection act upon a
population?
DEFINITION 22 Natural selection favours a certain phenotype or genotype in a population, increasing the relative fitness and survivability of an individual with this phenotype or genotype, which leads in an increase in reproduction for thos phenotype and genotpe which means an increase in that phenotype/genotype. TERM 23
23. What does relative fitness mean within a
population?
DEFINITION 23 Inidcates the survivablilty and sexual selection of a certain genotype/phenotype relative to a population. TERM 24
24. Describe the three modes of natural
selection.
DEFINITION 24
- Directional: Selection favours one extremes2. Stabalizing: Favours the average/mean3. Disruptive: Favours both extremes
