microbiology chapter 1, Exams of Microbiology

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INTRODUCTION TO BASIC

MICROBIOLOGY AND

APPLICATIONS

Pınar Çıragil, MD Yeditepe University Hospital Professor of Medical Microbiology Department

Welcome to microbiology—the study of microorganisms ‘’…THE ROLE OF THE INFINITELY SMALL IN NATURE IS INFINITELY LARGE…’’ Louis Pasteur

https://www.microbigals.com/post/history-of-microbiology

https://www.microbigals.com/post/history-of-microbiology

Microorganisms include microscopic organisms viruses bacteria fungi protozoa archaea Microbiology also deals with

• structure,
• function,
• classification of such organisms, along with controlling their activities

Eucaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound organelles and include fungi and protists Procaryotic organisms—all of which are microorganisms—are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include Bacteria and Archaea

• Foods: Yeast: bread, beer Bacteria: butter, yogurt,coffee, chocolates
• Microorganisms are useful for the body: E.coli/digestion of foods
• Bacteria present in the environment; recycle wastes and produce energy sources like carbon and nitrogen

Microorganisms vary from 10 nm (nanometers) to 100 mu (micrometers)

Establishment of microbiology as a discipline; agriculture microbiology food microbiology pharmaceutical microbiology systemic microbiology etc.

Microbiology also deals with: Techniques for;

• the identification of microorganisms
• classification
• the life cycle Allows better understanding of microorganisms and their role in maintaining the ecosystem

PATHWAYS OF DISCOVERY IN

MICROBIOLOGY

• Girolamo Fracastoro ( 1546), proposed epidemic diseases were caused by transferable seedlike entities
• These may transmit infection by direct or indirect contact, or vehicle transmission
• Speculative; were not based on microscopic observation

Robert Hooke (1635–1703)

• Invention of microscope in the 17th century
• English mathematician and natural historian, an excellent microscopist
• the first known description of microorganisms
• Micrographia (1665), the first book