Maintaining Isolation - Application of Biology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biology

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Maintaining Isolation

Maintaining Isolation

 Health care workers deal with many different diseases or disorders ◦ Some diseases are communicable (caused by an organism that can be transmitted easily)  Isolation is required for communicable diseases ◦ Also called transmission-based precautions ◦ Method or technique of caring for pts with communicable diseases

Ways Communicable Diseases are

Spread

 Direct contact with pt  Contact with dirty linen, equipment, and supplies  Contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions, such as urine, feces, and droplets from sneezing, coughing, or spitting and discharges from wounds

Isolation Techniques

 Used to limit contact with pathogenic organisms  Techniques help prevent spread of disease to other people  Protect the pt, family, and health care providers  PPE is used to limit contact with the pathogenic organism

Terms Used in Isolation

 Contaminated or Dirty ◦ Items that contain disease-producing organisms ◦ Must not be touched unless worker is protected by gloves, gown, etc. ◦ Outside of gown, gloves, and cap become contaminated during pt care

Terms Used in Isolation

 Clean ◦ Items that do not contain disease-producing organisms ◦ Have minimal chance of spreading the disease ◦ Must make every effort to prevent contamination of these items or pats of items ◦ Inside of gown and gloves is considered clean

Standard Precautions

 Used for ALL pts

Airborne Precautions

 Used for pts know or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei (small particles of evaporated droplets that contain microorganisms and remain suspended in the air)  Must also use standard precautions  Ex: measles, chickenpox and tuberculosis

Airborne Precautions

 People susceptible to measles or chickenpox should not enter the room  Pt should only be moved from the room with a surgical mask to minimize the spread of airborne particles

Droplet Precautions

 Used for pts know or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particles droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing  Must also use standard precautions  Ex: Flu, mumps, and pneumonia

Contact Precautions

 Used for pts know or suspected to be infected epidemiologically important microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct contact or indirect contact  Must also use standard precautions  Ex: C. diff, MRSA, and E. coli

Contact Precautions

 Pt should be in a private room or with a pt who has an active infection with the same organism  Gloves must be worn when entering the room  Gloves must be changed after having contact with any material that may contain high concentrations of the microorganism, such as wound drainage or fecal material

Contact Precautions

 Room and items in it must receive cleaning and disinfection daily and as needed  Pt care equipment such as BSC, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, thermometer) should be left in the room and used only for the pt.  All equipment must be cleaned and disinfected when removed from room

Protective or Reverse Isolation

 Method used to protect certain pts from organisms present in the environment  Must also use standard precautions  Ex: severely burned or malnourished pts and pts with depressed or failed immune systems