Anatomy of the Lower Limb: Muscles, Movements, and Joints, Slides of Physiology

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Lower

Limb

Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee

Joints

• Most anterior compartment muscles of the

hip and thigh flex the femur at the hip andextend the leg at the knee

• Posterior compartment muscles of the hip

and thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg

• The medial compartment muscles all adduct

the thigh

• These three groups are enclosed by the

fascia lata

• Thigh extension is primarily effected by the

hamstring muscles (biceps femoris,semitendinosus, and semimembranosus)

• Forceful extension is aided by the gluteus

maximus

Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:

Flexion and Extension

Figure 10.19a

Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:

Flexion and Extension

Figure 10.20a

Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:

Other Movements

Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:

Other Movements

Figure 10.20b

Fascia of the Leg

• A deep fascia of the

leg is continuouswith the fascia lata

• This fascia

segregates the leginto threecompartments:anterior, lateral, andposterior

• Distally, the fascia

thickens and formsthe flexor, extensor,and fibularretinaculae

Figure 10.22a

Muscles of the Leg: Movements

• Various leg muscles produce the following

movements at the:–

Ankle – dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Intertarsal joints – inversion and eversion ofthe foot

Toes – flexion and extension

Figure 10.21b-d

Muscles of the Anterior

Compartment

Muscles of the Lateral Compartment

• These muscles

plantar flex andevert the foot

• They include the

fibularis longus andfibularis brevismuscles

Figure 10.22a

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment

• These muscles

primarily flex the footand the toes

• They include the

gastrocnemius,soleus, tibialisposterior, flexordigitorum longus, andflexor hallucis longus

Figure 10.23a

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment

• These muscles

primarily flex the footand the toes

• They include the

gastrocnemius,soleus, tibialisposterior, flexordigitorum longus, andflexor hallucis longus

Figure 10.23a

Muscle Actions of the Thigh:

Summary

• Thigh muscles:

Flex and extend the thigh (posteriorcompartment)

Extend the leg (anterior compartment)

Adduct the thigh (medial compartment)

Muscle Actions of the Leg:

Summary

• Leg muscles:

Plantar flex and evert the foot (lateralcompartment)

Plantar flex the foot and flex the toes(posterior compartment)

Dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes(anterior compartment)