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LEO Assessment#2 Exam Questions with Verified Solutions. Four Primary levels of law enforcement problems can encounter while off-duty PTRL 2100.101 Off-duty response - Answer 1. Minor Situations-no intervention is required 2. Non-emergency situations-best handled by on duty-law enforcement 3. Emergency situations- best handled summoning on-duty law enforcement assistance 4. Immediate response situations-have to take action when off duty What to know regarding unknown subjects PTRL 2100.103 Off-duty response - Answer 1. physically impaired-give a false sense of security (can result in serious bodily injury or death) 2. emotionally disturbed person's-with out provocation can become a threat 3. members of extremist political groups- view law enforcement as a threat to their way of life (can resultin serious bodily injury or death) Items recommended to be carried by off-duty officer PTRL 2100.104 Off-duty response - Answer 1. weapon with extra magazine/ammunition 2. hand-cuffs 3. police identification and badge 4. Cell phone Note: defer to department policy Off duty response and failure to have proper frame of mind PTRL 2100.105 Off-duty response - Answer 1. Complacency 2. Intervening with out possessing needed equipment 3. failing to temper their sense of duty with sound judgment 4. when off-duty, style of dress may identify individual as law enforcement, alerting the criminal. 5. consider how to care DL and credit cards. a visible wallet badge can alert the criminal. Officer responsibilities/ not agency's responsibilities for responding when off-duty PTRL 2100.102 Off-duty response - Answer 1. stay abreast of new methods, studies, procedures, practices, court decisions, and dynamic tactics 2. maintain a survival attitude at all times Strategies to avoid "friendly fire" PTRL 2100.106 Off-duty response - Answer 1. contact dispatch of circumstances anda description of yourself. 2. attempt to control access points until identifiable law enforcement officers arrive 3. take up position where you can see responding officers 4. obey responding on-duty officer's commands. Important things to remember when responding to situations off duty. PTRL 2100.107 Off-duty response - Answer 1. have a survival state of mind 2. formulate a plan of action summoning on-duty assistance, identify escape routes, find cover/concealment, protect family members with you. Philosophy and criteria of Patrol Interdiction Team (P.1.T) PTRL 2020.101 Immediate response tactics - Answer 1. rapid deployment of patrol officers 2. Interdicts and saves human lives 3. Immediate patrol response to interdict and resolve "in-progress" calls where no other options are available. 4.P.1.T. is not S.W.A.T. (it only is used to resolve immediate life threatening crisis.) 5. develops teamwork, tactics, and firearms skills for officers to resolve in progress critical incident. Components of P.I.T response PTRL 2020.104 Immediate response tactics - Answer 1. proceeding loss of life 2. Imminent threat to life 3. Insufficient time for traditional response 4. priories:(stop suspect's actions, rescue victim, apprehend suspect) 5. Advantages: (ability to rapidly deploy officers, quick containment/isolation of suspect, rescue/evacuate victims) 6. disadvantages:(minimum info regarding suspect, specialized equipment may not be available or forgot, heavy radio traffic, minimal time for planning) 7. expectations: 1.situation(multiple victims, # of people in danger area/inner perimeter, Audio and visual impairments, gunfire from multiple locations, activated sprinkler system, IED, carnage and chaos) 2. Victims(fleeing and hiding, hysteria, injuries) 3. Responders(shaking sweaty hands, > heart rate, > respiration/holding of breath, dry mouth, loss of peripheral vision, reduced auditory, loss of fine motor skills, fear, intense physical and mental stress) 4. Consequences(self doubt, grief or anger of survivors and relative of victims, intense media contact, Tactical experts review who may not know all facts. Duties of first responding officer in P.I.T. situation PTRL 2020.105 Immediate response tactics - Answer 1. establish command 2. gather emergency intelligence . make proper and timely decisions . identify available staffing . make assignments . establish communication initiate a plan . establish staging area for arriving officers. ONoOuhwW Pertinent emergency intelligence that should be gathered PTRL 2020.106 Immediate response tactics - Answer 1. type of problem 2. is it actively transpiring 3. are lives being taken 4. how many suspects 5. type of weapons/explosives 6. # of people in danger 7. suspects location 8. command post location 9. safe route for responding officers Decisions required at the scene of a P.I.T. situation PTRL 2020.107 Immediate response tactics - Answer 1. ability and willingness of other officers participation. Mentally: winning vs. surviving, hunter vs. victim, order out of chaos, situation vs. additional gear, decision maker, teamwork Physically: controlled breathing, fatigue Training: properly trained, experience preferred 2. Life priority changes from self to...... victims innocents, other than victims officers suspects 3. ls P.I.T. response necessary 4. Do the risks outweigh the gains 5. is itlegal and moral 4P.1.T teams PTRL 2020.108 Immediate response tactics - Answer 1. contact team (make contact with suspect) 2. rescue team (remove vicitms, and innocent people from scene) 3. containment team (contain the scene) 4. command team (manage incident and gather info) PTRL 2020.110 Immediate response tactics - Answer 1. field observation/fire 2. 360 degree coverage 3. move to contact 4.2 person team 5.3 person team 6. 4 person team 7.Y formation 8. diamond formation 9. T formation 10. vehicle assaults 11. vehicle deployments Benefits of preparation skills/survival mindset PTRL 2040.101 Mental preparation skills - Answer 1. be ready with plan at all times 2. believe you will overcome not matter the odds 3. revert to training (train like you fight, fight like you train) Trends in society that may impact violence towards law enforcement PTRL 2040.102 Mental Preparation skills - Answer 1. more officers being assaulted 2. less respect for authority 3. behavioral influence of media violence (violence solves problems, or see it so often people become numb to the reality of violence) 7 techniques for building confidence PTRL 2040.103 Mental Preparation skills - Answer 1. Courage: acquired/strengthened through practicing ethical behavior in the face of law enforcement challenges 2. Survival Mind set: realize life and death situations are part of the job. Never give up, always believe you will succeed. 3. Realistic law enforcement training,(scenarios) will assist in developing confidence. 4. Stress inoculation through training: helps gain confidence in your ability to cope with anxiety and fear. 5. Myelinization (explanation of the phenomenon of muscle memory): Electric stimulation and impulse transfer more quickly, myelin covers connection between neurons that carry info to brain, increase speed of neural transmission 6. Muscle memory: techniques become permanently "locked-in" when the neural system can perform the motor skill without conscious thought. All training starts with "See, Think, Act" as we commit skills to muscle memory it becomes "See-Act" 7. Psycho neuromuscular theory: Theory explaining positive effects of mental practice during which a person only imagines performing an activity successfully. Effects of critical incident stresses PTRL 2040.104 Mental Preparation skills - Answer 1.. Physical effects of a Gun shot wound: increased adrenaline, rapid breathing, cotton mouth, increased heart rate, visual difficulty, loss of concentration. 2. Increase heart rate effects ability to execute fine, complex and gross motor skills 3. Psycho-neural effects: Tunnel vision, auditory distortion, disassociation ("this is not happening to me") Ways to cope with Critical Incident stress PTRL 2040.104 Mental Preparation skills - Answer 1. Self control: heightened awareness of the environment, detection of threat factors, and continued ability to respond to threats. 2. Awareness color code: White: unaware and unprepared Yellow: relaxed alert Orange: specific alert Utah medical examiner act INV. 2020.101 Dead Body Investigations - Answer UCA 26-4 Notification responsibilities are defined under INV. 2020.104 Dead Body Investigations - Answer UCA 26-4-8 Death can be pronounced by ???? INV. 2020.104 Dead Body Investigations - Answer any reasonable person, BUT only a physician licensed to practice in the state of Utah can sign death certificate Attended and unattended death requirements INV. 2020.104 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1. attended death is one which results from natural causes and where the physician has seen the patient within the last 30 days. 2. a regular physician may sign the death certificate for attended death. 3. all other deaths are considered unattended and MUST be reported to medical examiner. Officer responsibilities at scene with death INV. 2020.105 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1.Initial duties: body shouldn't be moved, cleansed, viewed by family if natural death: question family, friends, witnesses and look for medications, and contact physician and see if they will sign death certificate, and release body to mortuary all other cases must be reported to Medical examiner, or if have any doubts call OME 2. Determine what the scene is 3. secure and restrict unnecessary movements and contamination 4. obtain statements 5. secure evidence, but wait for Medical examiner before collecting or processing evidence. 6. preserve fragile or short lived evidence Evidence to consider collecting from dead body INV. 2020.106 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1. physical evidence (should be preserved in its place of discovery) 2. Hair, fiber, fingernails, clothing, Code "R" sexual assault, trace evidence 3. gunshot residue (GSR) test (only done if requested by investigating agency) 4. Homicide or suspicious death, victim's hands should be protected with paper bags. (never use plastic bags) Considerations for identification of dead body INV. 2020.107 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1. circumstances of the on-scene investigation person has photo ID present/or is personally known by family or witness. 2. Visual identification not possible ID through scientific means such as finger prints, dental x-rays, or DNA NOTE: finger prints done on scene can only be done by OME, but should not be done on homicide victims due to contamination of trace evidence. 3. other methods clothing, jewelry, tattoos and body x-rays Considerations for toxicology sampling INV. 2020.111 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1. statement by decedent to others 2. notes or documents 3. previous gestures or attempts 4. physical evidence 5. departure from usual behavior patterns 6. insurance issues/family perceptions Indications of overdose INV. 2020.112 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1. accident/suicide/undetermined 2. illicit drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine 3. prescription medication 4. drugs, paraphernalia with residue and medications will be transported with body for OME accounting and toxicology Considerations in Infant deaths INV. 2020.113 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1. natural or abuse 2. SIDS: requires autopsy and scene investigation, usually in ages 1 month to 1 year. 3. under a month or over 1 year usually result from disease, congenital defect, or trauma. indications of accidental death INV. 2020.114 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1. drug related 2. asphyxia 3. trauma 4. thermal injury 5. electrocution 6. falls 7. industrial 8. gunshot 9. autoerotic Potential investigative hazards INV. 2020.115 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1. bio-hazard 2. carbon monoxide 3. cyanide 4. asphyxia 5. chemical spill Important things to remember during investigation INV. 2020.116 Dead Body Investigations - Answer 1. be suspicious, but not paranoid: take copious notes and photos 2. personal standards or decedent's lifestyle expectations should have no bearing 3. limit judgement from reaction of those affected Cause of death - Answer any injury or disease that produces a physiological derangement in the body that results in death manner of death - Answer 1. homicide 2. suicide 3. accident 4. natural 5. undetermined Techniques in identifying signs of sexually related crimes and abuse in children INV 2010.101 Sex crimes investigation - Answer 1. child tells story of sexual abuse 2. child reports sexual activity 3. child shows sudden signs of fear for strangers, relative, sitter 4. child's behavior changes in school or with friends 5. child complains of pain, itching, discharge, swelling, bruising, bleeding or starts walking different protocol while conducting initial investigation of child sex crime/abuse INV 2010.101 Sex crimes investigation - Answer 1. ensure safety of child 2. 1D suspect: family, friend, acquaintance, stranger 3. locate, preserve, and collect evidence 4. summon SVU (special victims unit) if availabe Protocol when conducting follow-up investigation of elderly sex crimes/abuse INV 2010.103 Sex crimes investigation - Answer 1. secure evidence 2. prepare for prosecution: victim is willing/able to testify 3. victim/family resources 4. restoration of victim dignity and self worth 
