Lecture Notes on Introduction to Psychology Ch1 | Study notes Psychology

What is Counseling?

• "Counseling is a helping relationship that

includes someone seeking help and someone

willing to give help who is trained to help in a

setting that permits help to be given and received"

(Cormier & Hackney, 1987)

• A confidential dialogue

"Is a dynamic and purposeful relationship

between two people who approach a mutually a

defined problem with mutual consideration for

each other to the end that the younger or less

mature or more troubled of the two is aided to a

self-determined resolution of his/her problem"

(Wren)

"Counseling is helping a person to come to see

who he really is, what he has and does not have,

what he can do easily, what he can do with

difficulty and what he cannot do at all. It is a close

sharing of a human relationship with one who has

for him a high regard: one who can offer him

unconditional acceptance, but one who has no

guarantees, no answers"

"Guidance and Counseling is a profession that

involves the use of an integrated approach to the

development of a well-functioning individual

primarily by helping him/her to utilize his/her

potentials to the fullest and plan hie/her future in

accordance with his/her abilities, interests and

needs. It includes functions such as counseling

subjects, particularly subjects given in the

licensure examinations, and other human

development services.” (Republic Act No. 9258)

The ART and SCIENCE of Counseling

• Both an art and a science

• Balance between the subjective and objective

dimensions of the counseling process

ART OF COUNSELING

• Subjective dimension

• Flexible and creative process

• Giving of oneself in counseling

SCIENCE OF COUNSELING

• Objective dimension

• Differentiates professional from nonprofessional

helpers

• Development of skills that can promote

professional objectivity

Counseling is NOT:

• Lecturing (teaching facts and data).

• Merely giving advice (tell people how to

proceed).

• Teaching, because teaching carries with it

element of indoctrination.

• Compulsion

Counseling constitutes the three activities like:

I= Informing

A= Advising

C= Counseling

Aims of Counseling:

• To assist clients in exploring their problems and

guide them to solutions

• To have clients become aware of the

consequences of the experiences and situations

they have been/are going through

• To reduce worry, anxiety or any other negative

emotions

• To guide clients in their recovery from, and

adaptation to, difficult circumstances

• establishing a trusting relationship;

• helping the client tell their story;

• listening carefully;

• respecting the client;

• being non-judgemental;

• providing confidentiality;

• providing correct information;

• helping the individual make informed decisions;

• the client to recognize and build on their

strengths;

• helping the client develop a positive attitude;

• maintaining a professional relationship.

Counseling vs. Guidance

What is GUIDANCE?

• a systematic, organized phase of the educational

process which helps a youth grow in his power to

give point and direction to his own life to the end

that he may gain richer personal experience while

making his own unique contribution to his society

(Lefever)

• SERVICE

• Guidance Services- organized cluster of

activities/ specialized services

What is GUIDANCE?

• To direct

• To point out

• To show the path

• It is a concept and a Process

• Individual Inventory

• Counseling

• Testing

• Information

• Placement

• Follow-up

• Research and evaluation

• Referral

Situation:

• In a reputable boys institution, the guidance

counselors was visited by a shocked mother who

had been notified that her son had been cutting

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What is Counseling?

"Counseling is a helping relationship that includes someone seeking help and someone willing to give help who is trained to help in a setting that permits help to be given and received" (Cormier & Hackney, 1 987)
A confidential dialogue "Is a dynamic and purposeful relationship between two people who approach a mutually a defined problem with mutual consideration for each other to the end that the younger or less mature or more troubled of the two is aided to a self-determined resolution of his/her problem" (Wren) "Counseling is helping a person to come to see who he really is, what he has and does not have, what he can do easily, what he can do with difficulty and what he cannot do at all. It is a close sharing of a human relationship with one who has for him a high regard: one who can offer him unconditional acceptance, but one who has no guarantees, no answers" "Guidance and Counseling is a profession that involves the use of an integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning individual primarily by helping him/her to utilize his/her potentials to the fullest and plan hie/her future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests and needs. It includes functions such as counseling subjects, particularly subjects given in the licensure examinations, and other human development services.” (Republic Act No. 9258) The ART and SCIENCE of Counseling
Both an art and a science
Balance between the subjective and objective dimensions of the counseling process ART OF COUNSELING
Subjective dimension
Flexible and creative process
Giving of oneself in counseling SCIENCE OF COUNSELING
Objective dimension
Differentiates professional from nonprofessional helpers
Development of skills that can promote professional objectivity Counseling is NOT:
Lecturing (teaching facts and data).
Merely giving advice (tell people how to proceed).
Teaching, because teaching carries with it element of indoctrination.
- Compulsion Counseling constitutes the three activities like: I= Informing A= Advising C= Counseling Aims of Counseling:
- To assist clients in exploring their problems and guide them to solutions
- To have clients become aware of the consequences of the experiences and situations they have been/are going through
- To reduce worry, anxiety or any other negative emotions
- To guide clients in their recovery from, and adaptation to, difficult circumstances
- establishing a trusting relationship;
- helping the client tell their story;
- listening carefully;
- respecting the client;
- being non-judgemental;
- providing confidentiality;
- providing correct information;
- helping the individual make informed decisions;
- the client to recognize and build on their strengths;
- helping the client develop a positive attitude;
- maintaining a professional relationship. Counseling vs. Guidance What is GUIDANCE?
- a systematic, organized phase of the educational process which helps a youth grow in his power to give point and direction to his own life to the end that he may gain richer personal experience while making his own unique contribution to his society (Lefever)
- SERVICE
- Guidance Services- organized cluster of activities/ specialized services What is GUIDANCE?
- To direct
- To point out
- To show the path
- It is a concept and a Process
- Individual Inventory
- Counseling
- Testing
- Information
- Placement
- Follow-up
- Research and evaluation
- Referral Situation:
- In a reputable boys institution, the guidance counselors was visited by a shocked mother who had been notified that her son had been cutting

classes. She received the dean's letter only 1 month before the close of the school year.

The guidance counselor told her that he had called her son 3 times to see him in the office but the son was out of the classroom during those times.
Of course, the son had to repeat the year
A guidance counselor knows that guidance is more than just assisting an individual. There are clients who have to be brought in by the hook, so to speak. This is also a form of guidance. If, after one unsuccessful attempt to have the boy report to the guidance office, the mother would have been promptly notified, her son might have stopped cutting classes and passed the school year. What is GUIDANCE? Individual Inventory Services
These services are designed to gather reliable data: Personal educational background of the students. These data are kept in the Guidance Center and are helpful when the students come to their Counselor for Counseling or advice. Counseling
Individual or group sessions with counselors are available to students who have academic, personal, interpersonal, emotional, career and moral concerns. Testing
The student's individual strengths and weaknesses in the areas of personality, aptitudes, interests, needs and job skills are assessed through the use of standardized tests.
Test results are interpreted to the students by their respective guidance counselors for self- awareness, growth and development.
Test interpretations are also made available in groups. Information Services
The function of this service is to make available to the students valuable information not ordinarily provided through the instructional programs for personal, social, emotional and spiritual development and adjustment.
This information is considered necessary in guiding adolescents and young adults in making intelligent vocational or educational choice or their personal and social adjustments. Placement Service
Placement service helps the students secure the most effective relationship to a job or to the next step in his educational or personal goals. Follow-up Service
- It is concerned with what happens to the students after they have left school. The referral
- This referral service is arranged for the purpose of specialized help.
- In special cases, student is advised by teachers and counselors to go for taking special help from specialized person or agency because the student needs specialized help and much care to overcome the problems. Research
- helps guidance personnel for the purpose of a better understanding of students, his school activities and his difficulties.
- gives chance to know about available school resources.
- helps guidance personnel to evaluate the achievement of the students in the context of their goals. Kinds of Counselors
1. non-professional - did not receive/ no training in counseling skills
2. paraprofessional or quasi-counselors - who may have considerable training in counseling, yet are not accredited as counseling professionals
3. professional (w/ RA 9258) - undergone training on appropriate courses The Counselor: Person and Professional The Counselor as a Therapeutic Person
- Abundant research indicates the centrality of the person of the therapist as a primary factor in successful therapy (Norcross & Lambert, 2011; Norcross & Wampold, 2011)
- Clients place more value on the personality of the therapist than on the specific techniques used (Lambert, 2011) Personal Characteristics of Effective Counselors
1. Effective counselors have an identity.
2. Effective counselors respect and appreciate themselves.
3. Effective counselors are open to change.
4. Effective counselors make choices that are life oriented.
5. Effective counselors are authentic, sincere and honest.
6. Effective counselors have a sense of humor.
7. Effective counselors make mistakes and are willing to admit them
8. Effective counselors generally live in the present.
9. Effective counselors appreciate the influence of culture.
10. Effective counselors have a sincere interest in the welfare of others.

Lecture Notes on Introduction to Psychology Ch1, Study notes of Psychology

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