Types of Shallow Foundations in Building Construction, Lecture notes of Civil Engineering

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Building construction

Foundation

Part 1

shallow foundation

Foundation

It is a structure which transfers the load coming from

the super structure uniformly to the soil

a. Spread footing / isolated footing

• Providing where the bearing capacity of soil is high
• Individual footing is provided for each column
• Square, rectangular or circular shape i. Simple footing ii. Stepped footing iii. Sloped footing

b) Combined footing

• a common footing constructed for two column
• Provided when individual footing gets overlapped
• Provided for soil having low bearing capacity. i. Rectangular combined footing - load acting on the two columns are equal ii. Trapezoidal combined footing - load acting on one column is more than the other

c) Continuous footing

• A single continuous RCC slab acts as a foundation of two or more columns
• Provided when there are columns are in one row
• Provided for soil having low bearing capacity.

d) Cantilever/strap footing

• Used in boundary restriction areas
• Eccentric loading occurs
• Two footing conected with a beam known as strap beam
• The beam helps to distributed the load of eccentrically loaded column to the adjacent footing

f) Grillage foundation

• Used to transfer heavy loads from steel columns to soil having low bearing capacity
• depth limited to 1 to 1.5 m

g) Inverted arch foundation

• Inverted arches are constructed between two walls at the base
• suitable for bridges, culvert, reservoirs etc
• Transfers load by inverted arch action