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PINES CITY COLLEGES

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

First Semester, A.Y. 2022 - 2023

Course Number: VALUES 101

Course Title: RELIGION, RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES AND SPIRITUALITY

Modular Learning Guide # 4

Topic: World Religions

Expected Time of Completion: 6 hours (September 26 – October 7, 2022)

A. Learning Outcomes

1. Compare and contrast the various world religions.

B. Learning Content

HINDUISM

Hinduis m is th e worl d’ s ol dest rel igio n, accor di ng to m any schol ar s, with roo ts

and cu stoms da ting back m ore than 4 ,000 y ears. Today, with a bo ut 9 00 m il lion

foll owe rs , Hindu ism i s t he th ird-largest religion be hi nd Christian ity and Islam.

Roughly 95 percent o f th e worl d’s Hindus l iv e in India. Because the religion h as

no speci fic founder, it’s d iffic ul t to trac e i ts or igins and histor y. Hindu ism is un iq ue

in that i t’s not a singl e religion but a com pil ation of many traditi on s and

phil osoph ies.

Beliefs:

 Hinduis m em braces many rel ig io us ideas. For thi s reason, i t’s sometime s

referred to as a “w ay of life” or a “ fa mily of reli gions,” as op posed to a si ngle ,

organ iz ed rel igi on.

 Most forms of Hin du ism ar e h en otheist ic, whic h m eans the y worship a

singl e deity, kno wn as “ Brahm an ,” bu t s till re cognize othe r god s and go dd esses.

Foll owe rs bel ie ve there are mul ti ple pa ths to re achin g their god.

Mahat ma G an dhi

Be tween 1757 and 1947, the Bri ti sh co ntroll ed In di a. At f irst, t he ne w rul ers

allowed Hi nd us to pr ac tice the ir religion wi thout inte rference. But

la ter, Chri st ian missi on aries s ough t to co nvert and w esternize the pe ople.

Many re formers emerged dur ing the Br itish Pe ri od. The wel l -kno wn

poli tic ia n and peac e activist, Mahatm a Gand hi , l ed a moveme nt that p ushed

for Ind ia’s indepe nd ence.

The part it ion of In di a occu rr ed in 1947 , and Gand hi wa s assass in ated in

1948. Br itish In dia was split into w ha t are n ow the independen t nati on s of India

and Pak is ta n, and Hinduism be came th e major r el ig ion of In di a.

Starting in th e 19 60s, ma ny Hind us migrated to N or th Am er ica and Bri tain,

spreading their fait h and philo sophies to t he w es tern wo rl d.

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PINES CITY COLLEGES

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

First Semester, A.Y. 202 2 - 2023 Course Number: VALUES 101 Course Title: RELIGION, RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES AND SPIRITUALITY Modular Learning Guide # 4 Topic: World Religions Expected Time of Completion: 6 hours (September 26 – October 7, 202 2 ) A. Learning Outcomes

Compare and contrast the various world religions. B. Learning Content HINDUISM Hinduism is the world’s oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years. Today, with about 900 million followers, Hinduism is the third-largest religion behind Christianity and Islam. Roughly 95 percent of the world’s Hindus live in India. Because the religion has no specific founder, it’s difficult to trace i ts origins and history. Hinduism is unique in that it’s not a single religion but a compilation of many traditions and philosophies. Beliefs:  Hinduism embraces many religious ideas. For this reason, it’s sometimes referred to as a “way of life” or a “family of religions,” as opposed to a single, organized religion.  Most forms of Hinduism are henotheistic, which means they worship a single deity, known as “Brahman,” but still recognize other gods and goddesses. Followers believe there are multiple paths to reaching their god. Mahatma Gandhi Between 1757 and 1947, the British controlled India. At first, the new rulers allowed Hindus to practice their religion without interference. But later, Christian missionaries sought to convert and westernize the people. Many reformers emerged during the British Period. The well - known politician and peace activist, Mahatma Gandhi, led a movement that pushed for India’s independence. The partition of India occurred in 1947, and Gandhi was assassinated in
British India was split into what are now the independent nations of India and Pakistan, and Hinduism became the major religion of India. Starting in the 1960s, many Hindus migrated to North America and Britain, spreading their faith and philosophies to the western world.

BUDDHISM

Buddhism is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (“the Buddha”) more than 2,500 years ago in India. With about 470 million followers, scholars consider Buddhism one of the major world religions. Its practice has historically been most prominent in East and Southeast Asia, but its influence is growing in the West. Many Buddhist ideas and philosophies overlap with those of other faiths. Beliefs:  Followers of Buddhism don’t acknowledge a supreme god or deity. They instead focus on achieving enlightenment—a state of inner peace and wisdom. When followers reach this spiritual echelon, they’re said to have experienced nirvana.  The religion’s founder, Buddha, is considered an ex traordinary man, but not a god. The word Buddha means “enlightened.” Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama is the leading monk in Tibetan Buddhism. Followers of the religion believe the Dalai Lama is a reincarnation of a past lama that has agreed to be born again to help humanity. There have been 14 Dalai Lamas throughout history. The Dalai Lama also governed Tibet until the Chinese took control in 1959. The current Dalai Lama, Lhamo Thondup, was born in 1935. SIKHISM A way of life and philosophy well ahead of its time when it was founded over 500 years ago, The Sikh religion today has a following of over 20 million people worldwide. Sikhism preaches a message of devotion and remembrance of God at all times, truthful living, equality of mankind, social justice and denounces superstitions and blind rituals. Sikhism is open to all through the teachings of its 10 Gurus enshrined in the Sikh Holy Book and Living Guru, Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Beliefs: Sikhs believe in one God who guides and protects them. They believe everyone is equal before God. Sikhs believe that your actions are important and you should lead a good life. They believe the way to do this is:  Keep God in your heart and mind at all times  Live honestly and work hard  Treat everyone equally  Be generous to those less fortunate than you  Serve others Guru Nanak A member of the Khatri (trading) caste and far from illiterate, Nanak was not a typical Sant, yet he experienced the same spirit of God in everything outside him and everything within him as did others in the movement he founded. He was born in the Punjab, which has been the home of the Sikh faith ever since. C. Learning Activities (via online discussion – Google Meet)

Compare and contrast the various world religions.

LECTURE NOTES # 4 for MODULAR LEARNING GUIDE # 4 For our 4 th^ module, we will talk about the World Religions.

1. Hinduism is the oldest religion. However, in terms of population; it is the 3rd^ behind Christianity and Islam. Hinduism has no specific founder. It is rich in tradition and philosophies. Beliefs:

“Way of life” – we should act righteously, be prosperous, enjoy life, and be enlightened.
Brahman is their single deity. However, they are still open and recognize other deities. Mahatma Gandhi fought for non-violence. He led a group that promotes India’s independence from Britain. However, he was assassinated. 2. Buddhism is known whenever the term “Buddha” comes to our mind. Buddha is Siddhartha Gautama. Buddhism is also one of the major world religions because of its population and old religion. Its ideas and philosophies have a common area of interest in other religions. Beliefs:
They don’t acknowledge a supreme god. It is enlightenment that matters. When a person reaches this spiritual level, they have also experienced Nirvana which is a state of perfect happiness.
Siddhartha Gautama is not a god. He is an enlightened one that is why he is called Buddha which means enlightened. In China, they have their own version of Buddha but that does not necessarily depict Siddhartha Gautama. Dalai Lama is a monk. It was believed that he is the 14th^ reincarnation of past Lama. There are series of test to know if the reincarnation of Lama is really that person or not. 3. Sikhism is founded by Guru Nanak in Punjab. Punjab is an area in India and Pakistan in South Asia. Sikhism practices devotion and remembrance of God at all times, being truthful, equality, social justice, and rejects superstitions and blind faith/rituals. Beliefs:
Remember God at all times
Live honestly and put effort in everything you do
We are all equal
Extend charity to those who need
Help each other Guru Nanak is also referred as Baba Nanak. Baba means father. He travelled far and wide across Asia to teach that there is one God who dwells with us His creations.

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PINES CITY COLLEGES

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

BUDDHISM