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JOU3101 Reporting Exam 1 - 2023 Do not abbreviate. - ANSWER States I work with professor/Professor Foley. - ANSWER professor 4 main functions of news media - ANSWER Report, Explain, Entertain and Lead What is news? - ANSWER A change of consequence in the status quo and what reporters and editors say it is. News is 50 percent and 50 percent. - ANSWER - What happened?
- How does it affect the reader/me? News Values: - ANSWER Impact, Timeliness, Prominence, Proximity, Conflict, Weirdness, Currency The Writing Process: - ANSWER Conceive, Report, Plan, Draft, Revise Time: - ANSWER 3:00 p.m. x 3 p.m. ✓ Everyday vs Every Day - ANSWER Adjective vs Adverb saying how and when Quote guidelines: - ANSWER 1. If a quote is more than one sentence, put the attribution after the first sentence.
- Identify the speaker the first time his/her name is used.
- Don't attribute direct quotes to more than one person.
- In general, use past tense throughout and be consistent. What are the ABCs of news writing? - ANSWER Accuracy, Brevity, Clarity Day vs Date - ANSWER Use the day or date in the story but not both. Day: Within 7 days of event. Date: More than 7 days.
There is no "tomorrow" or "yesterday," but there is a today. What is comma splice? - ANSWER Joining 2 separate and complete sentences with a comma FANBOY fakers: - ANSWER However, therefore, although Describers: - ANSWER If you have two or more adjectives that are not joined by a conjunction and both/all modify the same word, put a comma between them. Big story topics: - ANSWER - The economy/stocks.
- Politics.
- Health care.
- Weather.
- Conflict.
- Crime.
- Sports.
- Oddities.
- Whack jobs. What is news? - ANSWER - Changing relationships.
- Event of community consequence.
- Disruptive events. Ages: - ANSWER Do not use numbers to begin sentences: all ages otherwise are figures. Importance to readers: - ANSWER - Extensity: how big of an event is it.
- Intensity: how intense is its effect on readers?
- Proximity: nearby, bigger news.
- Recency
- Consequence: what are the effects?
- Variety
Indirect: Mullen wins, Stricklin said, or he's fired. Put attribution where the is. - ANSWER Comma Exclamation Point: - ANSWER "No!" they shouted. Question Marks: - ANSWER "Have you eaten lunch yet?" Who wrote "Gone With The Wind"? Attribution is not set off by comma if it comes before a paraphrased quote except...
- ANSWER When using 'according to'. Numbers: - ANSWER - Spell out numbers zero through nine unless beginning of sentence for all:
- Ages
- Percentages
- Money
- Times
- Scores (minus years) Dimensions: - ANSWER "He is 8 feet 2 inches tall." "9-by- 12 rug" "There were seven houses on the 7 - mile strip." Avoid vague terms such as... - ANSWER "Many" "A lot" "Most" Three ways to get info: - ANSWER - Research.
- Observation.
- Interviewing.
Name Exception: - ANSWER Children 15 and under use full name in all uses. Earned Titles: - ANSWER Dr. or Sgt. can be used with the name on first reference, but generally are not used on second reference.
- Only Dr. if medical professional. MLK - ANSWER The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Titles: - ANSWER - Capitalize true titles, not false titles before the name.
- Vice President of International Affairs Mike Foley.
- Mayor Ed Foonman
- Sgt. Joe Friday
- Sen. Bluto Blutarsky No are used with a name and title unless an article proceeds the name. - ANSWER Commas usually just describe a person's work - ANSWER False titles Title in proximity to name: - ANSWER - If true title and precedes the name and is not separated from the name by other words or punctuation, you capitalize the title.
- If the title is somehow separated from the name, lowercase it.
- If the title follows the name, always lowercase it. College/Dept. rules: - ANSWER Colleges are upper case, departments are lowercase.
Periods of time: - ANSWER Moe's Bar is open 9:30-2. Intro Phrases: Small - ANSWER "Generally, space aliens are friendly, professor Joe said." "Moreover, he said." Intro Phrases: Medium - ANSWER "In fact, her test score was higher because the professor made an error." "On the other hand, it made him angry." Intro Phrases: Large - ANSWER Although, if, as, in order to, when "As far as I am concerned, reporting is a bit waste of time." FANBOYS: - ANSWER - For
- And
- Nor
- But
- Or
- Yet
- So Sentences w/ Fanboys: - ANSWER You should always have a comma before FANBOYS that join two sentence. If you do not have two subjects and two verbs separated by FANBOYS, no comma. Comma Splice: - ANSWER No FANBOYS, joining two sentences.
Oxford comma: - ANSWER DON'T USE IT Interrupters: - ANSWER Information that appears within the sentence but is separate from the subject. Fake Lede Formula: - ANSWER - 35 words max
- No more than 1 comma.
- Straightforward, declarative sentence.
- Verb in simple past tense. Guidelines: - ANSWER - S-V-O construction.
- Active is often better than passive, but Foley is not a purist on that.
- 5 W's and H Numbers in Addresses: - ANSWER Use figures for numbers in addresses When to abbreviate: Addresses - ANSWER - St, Bvld, Ave.
- Only abbreviate when used with a specific address.
- Similar guidelines apply to direction. Examples of address abbreviation: - ANSWER Correct: 234 SW Sixth St. (period if just E.) Correct: 10355 Paradise Blvd. Correct: He lived on Southwest 12th Street. (No number, spell out everything)
All right - ANSWER Two words in all uses. Taser, dumpster. - ANSWER - Taser must be capitalized.
- Dumpster no longer capitalized. Lectern, podium. - ANSWER Stage is a podium, lectern is what you think is a podium. Flip-flop. - ANSWER Hyphen it out. Chairman, chairwoman. - ANSWER - If you know the gender, then use it.
- Same with spokesman or spokeswoman. Fewer, less. - ANSWER Fewer is when you can count the objects, less for what you can't count.
- Less than a half of tank of gas, fewer than 10 gallons. Flyer, flier - ANSWER Handouts are now flyers. None was - ANSWER Not "none were". "Not one." Couple were. - ANSWER Considered a plural. Compliment, complement - ANSWER Nice thing to say, things that go together.
Grand jury: - ANSWER Always lowercase. Inc., Corp., Co., Cos. - ANSWER Always abbreviate OK: - ANSWER OK, OK'd, OK'ing, OKs. First-grader, first-grade student, first grade. - ANSWER Noun: no hyphen. Affect, effect. - ANSWER Verb, noun verb. "Effect change" Year-round - ANSWER Need hyphen Lady, gentleman. - ANSWER Do not use Boy, girl. - ANSWER After 18, no longer use. ATM, PIN - ANSWER Not ATM machine. Not PIN number. Farther, further. - ANSWER Farther distance, further depth. Between, among. - ANSWER Between two people, among is 3 or more. Amid, among - ANSWER No 'st'. Underway. - ANSWER One word in all uses.
- Subject, org, concept ID in first sentenced, not named until 2nd or 3rd. Quote Lede: - ANSWER - Starts with interesting, compelling quote.
- From key source or famous saying, etc.
- Problems:
- Need explanation
- Rarely works Question Lede: - ANSWER - Starts with a provocative and answers it
- Problem if reader cant answer, loses interest. "Who cares?" Narrative Lede: - ANSWER - Popular with feature stories
- Pure storytelling
- Anecdotes, dialogue, description, and colorful language
- Beware the so what factor Descriptive Lede: - ANSWER Similar to narrative, but there isn't much action and usually no dialogue
- Must be done well
- Reveal something important
- Personality or background of lead character
- No value? Save it for later Anecdotal Lede: - ANSWER Good on a big story you're trying to personalize
- Starts with little story, often about an individual associated with the story.
- Sets a scene, a mood.
- Little person, big picture. Qualities of Effective Ledes: - ANSWER - Focus
- Context
- Form
- Information
- Voice
- Surprise
